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The study presented in this paper assessed the multidisciplinary approach of geothermal potential in the area of the most southeastern part of the Pannonian basin, focused on resources utilization. This study aims to present a method for the cascade use of geothermal energy as a source of thermal energy for space heating and cooling and as a resource for balneological purposes. Two particular sites were selected—one in a natural environment; the other within a small settlement. Geothermal resources come from different types of reservoirs having different temperatures and chemical compositions. At the first site, a geothermal spring with a temperature of 20.5 ◦C is considered for heat pump utilization, while at the second site, a geothermal well with a temperature of 54 ◦C is suitable for direct use. The calculated thermal power, which can be obtained from geothermal energy is in the range of 300 to 950 kW. The development concept was proposed with an architectural design to enable sustainable energy efficient development of wellness and spa/medical facilities that can be supported by local authorities. The resulting energy heating needs for different scenarios were 16–105 kW, which can be met in full by the use of geothermal energy.

Investigations focusing on wellhead encrustations within select zones of emergence of mineral water, in different hydrogeological provinces, were conducted from 2014 to 2017 in Serbia. They included: well BB-1 in Bogatić (Inner Dinaric Alps of western Serbia), wells LB-4 and LB-5 in Lukovska Banja (Šumadija-Kopaonik-Kosovo Province), and wells VG-2 and VG-3 in Vranjska Banja (Serbian Crystalline Core). The studied occurrences belong to the group of hot mineral waters, with temperatures ranging from 62°C to 93.9°C, and total dissolved solids (TDS) from 600 to 1267 mg/L. They are mildly acidic to mildly alkaline (pH 6.6 – 8.0) and their genetic types are HCO3 --Na++K+ (Bogatić and Lukovska Banja) and SO4 2-, HCO3 --Na++K+ (Vranjska Banja). Macroscopic, optical and diffraction assessment revealed that the encrustations comprised calcite and aragonite minerals, along with some local quartz, muscovite, albite and clinochlore. The conclusion was that there was a predominant presence of calcium carbonate in all the occurrences, represented by crystalline calcite grains, characteristically birefractive, and dark, semitranslucent grains in the form of microcrystalline calcite highly stained by iron hydroxides (Bogatić), as well as crystalline calcite with radially developed carbonate - aragonite (Lukovska Banja) and rod-like and filamentous aggregates of aragonite and calcite, highly translucent in places (Vranjska Banja).The texture of the samples exhibits alternating horizontal or wavy carbonate laminae. In Vranjska Banja, they include thin micritic to medium crystalline laminae and laminae composed of aggregates of aragonite needles in the form of bunch. In Bogatić and Lukovska Banja, there are thick micritic and highly porous laminae, 0.025 to 1 mm thick, or interlayers of a coarser crystalline structure. Apart from encrustations, all the occurrences exhibit phototrophic microbial mats, which were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The onset and progress of encrus

Predmet ove doktorste disertacije je analiza zajednice aerofitskih cijanobakterija i algi iz biofilma sa stenovitog supstrata ulaza petnaest odabranih pećina iz Srbije kao i nekoliko tačaka u blizini veštačkog osvetljenja. Akcenat istraživanja bio je na fototrofnim mikroorganizmima iz biofilma, dok su kao dodatak endolitski predstavnici identifikovani iz nekoliko uzoraka stene. Analizirana je i morfologija, stepen razvijenosti biofilma, kao i udeo sadržaja vode, organske i neorganske materije u biofilmu. U svim pećinama, mereni su ekološki parametri i određene su primarna produkcija (preko koncentracije hlorofila a) i petrografska analiza stenovitog supstrata. Na odabranim uzorcima rađena je kvantitativna i sezonska analiza cijanobakterija i algi. Statističke analize su poslužile kao alat za sagledavanje odnosa zabeleženih fototrofnih mikroorganizama i različitih ekoloških i opisnih parametara. Zabeleženo je prisustvo ukupno 290 taksona cijanobakterija i algi koje su svrstane u 4 razdela: Cyanobacteria (134 taksona, od kojih 82 taksona pripada kokoidnim formama), Bacillariophyta (129 taksona), Chlorophyta (26 taksona) i Xanthophyta (1 takson). Najveći broj taksona Cyanobacteria zabeležen je u rodovima Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus, Gloeothece, Leptolyngbya i Scytonema. U razdelu Bacillariophyta se izdvajaju rodovi Luticola i Humidophila, a u razdelu Chlorophyta rod Cosmarium. Iz biofilma Božanine pećine opisana je nova vrsta cijanobakterije za nauku, Nephrococcus serbicus S. Popović, G. Subakov Simić i J. Komárek, sp. nov. pri čemu je sam rod po prvi put zabeležen na teritoriji Evrope. Cyanobacteria po broju taksona dominiraju na svim lokalitetima, osim Rćanske i Bogovinske pećine. Najveći broj pripadnika Bacillariophyta i Chlorophyta zabeležen je u Rćanskoj (usled prisustva vode na biofilmu) i pećini Samar (zbog sezonskog uzorkovanja). Upravo se značaj sezonskog uzorkovanja biofilma u pećinama Samar i Jezava pre svega ogleda kroz znatno veći diverzitet aerofitskih cijano, The aim of this PhD thesis is the analysis of the aerophytic cyanobacterial and algal community from biofilm developed on stone substrate at the entrance of fifteen selected caves from Serbia and several sites near the artificial light in caves. The focus of the study was on phototrophic microorganisms from the biofilm, while endolithic representatives were additionaly identified from several stone samples. Morphology, degree of biofilm development, as well as the content of water, organic and inorganic matter in biofilm were also observed. At all sampling sites, ecological parameters, primary production (through concentration of chlorophyll a), as well as petrographic analysis of rocky substrates were measured and determined. Quantitative and seasonal analyzes of cyanobacteria and algae were assessed in selected samples. Statistical analyzes have served as a tool for examining the relationship between recorded phototrophic microorganisms and various ecological and descriptive parameters. A total of 290 cyanobacterial and algal taxa were recorded and classified into 4 divisions: Cyanobacteria (134 taxa, of which 82 taxa belong to the coccoid forms), Bacillariophyta (129 taxa), Chlorophyta (26 taxa) and Xanthophyta (1 taxon). The highest number of cyanobacterial taxa was documented within the following genera: Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus, Gloeothece, Leptolyngbya and Scytonema. Luticola and Humidophila were the most diverse genera within Bacillariophyta division, while in Chlorophyta Cosmarium had the highest number of species. A new cyanobacterial taxon, Nephrococcus serbicus S. Popović, G. Subakov Simić & J. Komárek, sp. nov., was described from a biofilm sample of Božana Cave. This also represents the first record of the genus Nephrococcus in Europe. Cyanobacteria were dominant in all caves, except Rćanska and Bogovinska cave. The largest number of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta was recorded in the Rćanska cave (due to the presence of water on samplins sites) and in

Predmet ove doktorste disertacije je analiza zajednice aerofitskih cijanobakterijai algi iz biofilma sa stenovitog supstrata ulaza petnaest odabranih pećina iz Srbije kao inekoliko tačaka u blizini veštačkog osvetljenja. Akcenat istraživanja bio je nafototrofnim mikroorganizmima iz biofilma, dok su kao dodatak endolitski predstavniciidentifikovani iz nekoliko uzoraka stene. Analizirana je i morfologija, stepenrazvijenosti biofilma, kao i udeo sadržaja vode, organske i neorganske materije ubiofilmu. U svim pećinama, mereni su ekološki parametri i određene su primarnaprodukcija (preko koncentracije hlorofila a) i petrografska analiza stenovitog supstrata.Na odabranim uzorcima rađena je kvantitativna i sezonska analiza cijanobakterija i algi.Statističke analize su poslužile kao alat za sagledavanje odnosa zabeleženih fototrofnihmikroorganizama i različitih ekoloških i opisnih parametara.Zabeleženo je prisustvo ukupno 290 taksona cijanobakterija i algi koje susvrstane u 4 razdela: Cyanobacteria (134 taksona, od kojih 82 taksona pripadakokoidnim formama), Bacillariophyta (129 taksona), Chlorophyta (26 taksona) iXanthophyta (1 takson). Najveći broj taksona Cyanobacteria zabeležen je u rodovimaGloeocapsa, Chroococcus, Gloeothece, Leptolyngbya i Scytonema. U razdeluBacillariophyta se izdvajaju rodovi Luticola i Humidophila, a u razdelu Chlorophyta rodCosmarium.Iz biofilma Božanine pećine opisana je nova vrsta cijanobakterije za nauku,Nephrococcus serbicus S. Popović, G. Subakov Simić i J. Komárek, sp. nov. pri čemu jesam rod po prvi put zabeležen na teritoriji Evrope.Cyanobacteria po broju taksona dominiraju na svim lokalitetima, osim Rćanske iBogovinske pećine. Najveći broj pripadnika Bacillariophyta i Chlorophyta zabeležen jeu Rćanskoj (usled prisustva vode na biofilmu) i pećini Samar (zbog sezonskoguzorkovanja). Upravo se značaj sezonskog uzorkovanja biofilma u pećinama Samar iJezava pre svega ogleda kroz znatno veći diverzitet aerofitskih cijanobakterija i algi uodnosu, The aim of this PhD thesis is the analysis of the aerophytic cyanobacterial andalgal community from biofilm developed on stone substrate at the entrance of fifteenselected caves from Serbia and several sites near the artificial light in caves. The focusof the study was on phototrophic microorganisms from the biofilm, while endolithicrepresentatives were additionaly identified from several stone samples. Morphology,degree of biofilm development, as well as the content of water, organic and inorganicmatter in biofilm were also observed. At all sampling sites, ecological parameters,primary production (through concentration of chlorophyll a), as well as petrographicanalysis of rocky substrates were measured and determined. Quantitative and seasonalanalyzes of cyanobacteria and algae were assessed in selected samples. Statisticalanalyzes have served as a tool for examining the relationship between recordedphototrophic microorganisms and various ecological and descriptive parameters.A total of 290 cyanobacterial and algal taxa were recorded and classified into 4divisions: Cyanobacteria (134 taxa, of which 82 taxa belong to the coccoid forms),Bacillariophyta (129 taxa), Chlorophyta (26 taxa) and Xanthophyta (1 taxon). Thehighest number of cyanobacterial taxa was documented within the following genera:Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus, Gloeothece, Leptolyngbya and Scytonema. Luticola andHumidophila were the most diverse genera within Bacillariophyta division, while inChlorophyta Cosmarium had the highest number of species.A new cyanobacterial taxon, Nephrococcus serbicus S. Popović, G. SubakovSimić & J. Komárek, sp. nov., was described from a biofilm sample of Božana Cave.This also represents the first record of the genus Nephrococcus in Europe.Cyanobacteria were dominant in all caves, except Rćanska and Bogovinskacave. The largest number of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta was recorded in theRćanska cave (due to the presence of water on samplins sites) and in the Samar Cave(due to se

postupaka koji je primenjen u cilju definisanja zona prihranjivanja i veze između podzemnih i površinskih voda, vremena koje voda provede u podzemlju, pri čemu se formira jedinstven hemijski sastav i temperaturni režim isteklih voda, bili su polazna osnova za usmerenje na istraživanje karsta i definisanje teme doktorske disertacije. Kučajsko-beljanički masiv se nalazi u istočnoj Srbiji i pripada oblasti Karpatobalkanskog luka i idealan je poligon za istraživanje, obzirom da se u okviru njega nalaze jaka karstna vrela i pojave toplih karstnih izvora na relativno malom rastojanju, što je predstavljalo izuzetan naučni izazov u pogledu definisanja geneze voda i uslova cirkulacije kroz dokazivanje hipoteze da ove vode različite temperature potiču iz „iste karstne izdani“. U okviru karstnog masiva izdvojeno je 15 kompleksnih sistema, za koje su interpretacijom podataka kvantiteta, zajedno sa rezultatima izotopskih (18O i 2H, 13C, 3H, 3H/3He i 14C), jonskih i fizičko-hemijskih analiza voda, dobijeni rezultati o karakteristikama i funkcionisanju sistema izdvojenih u okviru masiva. Multidisciplinarni pristup istraživanja rezultirao je saznanjima da se u okviru Kučajskobeljaničkog masiva nalaze vode starosti od nekoliko dana do skoro 6.000 godina, što ukazuje na izraženu vertikalnu zonalnost rasprostranjenja karstnih kanala i na postojanje plitkih kanala, kao i kanala sa veoma dubokom sifonalnom cirkulacijom podzemnih voda. Hidrohemijski podaci svedoče o postojanju veoma složenih geohemijskih procesa koji se odvijaju u podzemlju, postojanju grejnog tela i uticaju prolongiranog kontakta podzemnih voda sa stenama na hemijski i temperaturni režim podzemnih voda. Na osnovu video-endoskopskih istraživanjai reinterpretacije karotažnih merenja, moglo se zaključiti da se radi o razviću veoma duboke cirkulacije. Takođe, rezultati su ukazali da je karstifikacija u okviru karbonatnog kompleksa razvijena dublje od 500 m od zona primarnih isticanja, što ide u prilog razviću karstno-pukoti, In order to define recharge zones, groundwater-surface water interaction, mean residence time and groundwater age, as well as genesis of hydrochemisty and temperature regimes of cold and lukewarm water, it was necessary to conduct a large number of different methodological approaches. Kucaj-Beljanica massifis is located in eastern Serbia and belongs to the Carpathian- Balkan mountain arch and represent an ideal research area, since at some locations at relatively short distances from karst springs with cold and fresh waters, drainage of thermal and sub-thermal water also occurs. This represent remarkable scientific challenge in terms of defining the genesis and circulation of cold and thermal groundwater flows. The Kucaj-beljanica massif was divided into 15 complex systems, where quantity data, together with the results of the isotopic (18O i 2H, 13C, 3H, 3H/3He i 14C), ionic and physicchemical analysis of the water, gave conclusions about characteristics and system functioning. According to isotope content, video-endoscopy and re-interpretation of well logging in certain locations it could be concluded that groundwater have very deep circulation, or that the karstification of carbonate complexes developed significantly below the erosion base and below the karst channels within deep siphonal circulation. It can be assumed that the karstification carbonate complex is developed deeper than 500 m from the primary drainage zone. A multidisciplinary approach has resulted the knowledge that within Kucaj-Beljanica massif groundwater age ranges from a few months to almost 6,000 years, which indicates a vertical zonation of karst channels distribution with shalow channels as well as channels with very deep siphonal groundwater circulation. Hydrochemical data indicate the existence of very complex geochemical processes in the underground, the existence of a heating body (volcanik rock) and influence of prolonged water-hostrock contact on chemical and temperature regime of gro

Phototropic microorganisms in thermal mats had not attracted enough attention in Serbia in the past. The research presented in this paper is the first to address biofilms at selected occurrences of mineral water in Serbia (Bogatic, Metkovic and Belotic in the Macva District as well as Radaljska Banja, Lukovska Banja and Vranjska Banja) (in Serbian, banja denotes a spa town). The study period is from 2014 to 2016. The temperatures of the studied occurrences are in the 30-93.9 degrees C range and the chemical composition corresponds to the HCO3- -Na++ K+ and SO42-, HCO3--Na++ K+ types of mineral water. One of the objectives was to examine the condition of wellheads (incrustation, biofouling and corrosion), focusing on the presence of phototrophic microorganisms whose metabolites may lead to changes in mineral water quality, yield and chemistry. Analysis by light and scanning electron microscopy provides insight into the diversity of phototrophic microorganisms that populate biofilms near the points of emergence and on wellhead. The research reveals the presence of representatives of three groups of phototrophic microorganisms: Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta. Cyanobacteria were the most numerous, dominated by the order Oscillatoriales with ten recorded genera, of which Leptolynbgya and Phormidium feature the largest numbers of species. The order Chroococcales are the second most numerous, with seven recorded genera, of which Gloeocapsa and Synechocystisare the most noteworthy. The largest numbers of representative taxa were noted at Radaljska Banja and Vranjska Banja, where mineral waters originate from lithostratigraphic units of igneous origin, followed by mineral water occurrences in karst aquifers (Bogatic and Belotic) and an intergranular aquifer (Metkovic). The smallest number of identified phototrophic microorganisms is noted at Lukovska Banja, where the origin is associated with a fractured aquifer formed in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, wi, Fototrofni mikroorganizmi v oblogah termalnih izvirov v Srbiji v preteklosti niso bili deležni posebne pozornosti. V članku predstavljena raziskava je prva, ki obravnava biofilme na izbranih mestih izvirov mineralnih vod v Srbiji (Bogatić, Metković in Belotić v Mačvi ter Radaljska Banja, Lukovska Banja in Vranjska Banja) (v srbskem jeziku je banja izraz za toplice). Preučevanje je potekalo med letoma 2014 in 2016. Temperature obravnavanih voda se gibljejo med 30 in 93,9 °C, glede na kemijsko sestavo pa jih uvrščamo v HCO3 − – Na++ K+ in SO4 2−, HCO3 − – Na++K+ tipe mineralne vode. Eden od ciljev raziskave je bil proučevati razmere na ustjih vrtin (inkrustacija, obrast in korozija) in se še posebej posvetiti navzočnosti fototrofnih mikroorganizmov, katerih metaboliti lahko spremenijo kakovost, izdatnost in kemizem mineralnih vod. Z analizo slik s svetlobnim in vrstičnim elektronskim mikroskopom lahko podrobneje spoznamo raznolikost fototrofnih organizmov, ki sestavljajo biofilme na mestih izvirov in na ustjih vrtin. Raziskava je pokazala obstoj predstavnikov treh skupin fototrofnih mikroorganizmov: cianobakterij ter predstavnikov debel Chlorophyta in Bacillariophyta. Cianobakterije so bile najbolj številčne, prevladovali so osebki reda Oscillatoriales z desetimi ugotovljenimi rodovi, od katerih je bilo največje število vrst iz rodov Leptolynbgya in Phormidium. Red Chroococcales je bil s sedmimi zabeleženimi rodovi drugi najbolj številčen, prevladovala sta Gloeocapsa in Synechocystis. Največreprezentativnih taksonov je bilo v Radaljski Banji in Vranjski Banji, kjer mineralne vode izvirajo iz litostratigrafskih enot vulkanskega izvora, sledijo mineralne vode iz kraškega (Bogatić in Belotić) in medzrnskega vodonosnika (Metković). Najmanjfototrofnih organizmov je bilo v vzorcu iz Lukovske Banje, kjer vode izvirajo iz razpoklinskih vodonosnikov v sedimentnih in metamorfnih kamninah z vmesnimi lečami diabaza. Čeprav soštevilne reprezentativne taksone našli le na eni od pro

U radu su proucavani hidrogeotermalni resursi na podrucju hidrogeološkog rejona Srpsko kristalasto jezgro. Podlogu istraživanja cine podaci ranijih geoloških, hidrogeoloških i geofizickih istraživanja, dok su za potrebe ove disertacije uraene nove detaljne hemijske analize voda (terenski su odreeni pH i elektroprovodljivost Ep, laboratorijski je odreeno 69 elemenata), izotopske analize (18O, 2H i 3H) i odreena je radioaktivnost voda (alfa, beta, 222Rn i 226Ra). Na osnovu ovih podataka definisani su: tip i svojstva voda, zona prihranjivanja, dubina zaleganja podzemnih voda, maksimalna ocekivana temperatura rezervoara, zasicenje vode mineralima, korozivna i inkrustrativna svojstva vode, radiogena toplota, geotermalni gradijenti, geotermalni potencijal, proracunato je trenutno i potencijalno korišcenje geotermalne energije, i definisani su hidrogeotermalni sistemi Srpskog kristalastog jezgra. Srpsko kristalasto jezgo je sacinjeno od kristalastih škriljaca koji su probijeni paleozojskim (bujanovacki) do tercijarnim granitoidima (surdulicki, jastrebacki) i andezitima (lecki andezitski masiv). U okviru ovog hidrogeološkog rejona nalaze se znacajnije pojave termalnih voda u Srbiji, pa su i lokaliteti na kojima se ove vode pojavljuju dobili status banja: Prolom Banja, Ribarska Banja, Sijarinska Banja, Vranjska Banja i Bujanovacka Banja, dok su pojave termalnih voda registrovane i na podrucju sela Vica i sela Tulare. Hidrogeotermalne sisteme Srpskog kristalastog jezgra karakteriše konvektivno strujanje podzemne vode. Ukupno procenjene kolicine hidrogeotermalnih resursa, odnosno termalnih voda iznose 186 l/s..., The paper considers hydrogeothermal resources on hydrogeology region Serbian crystalline core. Study is based on previously performed geological, hydrogeological and geophysical research, while the detailed chemical analyses of waters (field measurements of pH and Ep, laboratory analyses of 69 elements), isotopic analysis (18O, 2H i 3H) and water radioactivity (alfa, beta, 222Rn i 226Ra) present new data used in this study. Based on this new data, the following parameters have been defined: type and properties of waters, recharge zone, reservoir depths, maximal expected reservoir temperature, mineral saturation of waters, corrosive and scaling properties of waters, radiogenic heat, geothermal gradients and geothermal potential. Current and potential usage of geothermal energy has been calculated, and geothermal systems of Serbian crystalline core have been defined. Serbian crystalline core consists of crystal schist which are pierced with Paleozoic (bujanovacki) to Tertiary (surdulicki, jastrebacki) granitoids and andesits (lece massif). Within this hydrogeologic region significant occurrences of Serbian thermal waters are present, and the sites themselves are generally referred to as spas: Prolom Banja, Ribarska Banja, Sijarinska Banja, Vranjska Banja and Bujanovacka Banja, as well as the occurrence of thermal waters in the area of the villages Vica and Tulare. All hydrogeotermal systems of Serbian crystalline core are characterized by convective flow of groundwater. Total estimated outflow of hydrogeothermal recourses, respectively thermal waters is 186 l/s...

Докторском дисертацијом разматране су хидрогеолошке структуре угљокиселих минералних вода литосфере Србије. При истраживањима узети су у обзир: резултати испитивања старости, порекла и физичко – хемијских карактеристика угљокиселих вода, геотемпературни услови и геотектонска грађа литосфере, резултати изотопских испитивања на δ13С у карбонатима хидротермалних лежишта, резултати истраживања минималних температура трансформације карбоната и структурно - хидрогеолошки услови у областима дренирања угљокиселих вода. Резултати показују да је угљеник угљокиселих вода пореклом из карбоната хидротермалне фазе младих магматских процеса, а да су матични супстрати овог елемента карбонати мезозојских и палеозојских седиментних и метаморфних стена. Угљендиоксид може да се генерише испод 3 km дубине. Испод ове дубине у литосфери Србије владају повољни геотемпературни услови за одвијање термометаморфних (хемијских) процеса трансформације доломита и калцита. Хидрогеолошке структуре могу да залежу до дубине генерисања угљендиоксида, а активна количинска измена врши се до знатно мањих дубина, од 100 m до 1 km. Хемијске карактеристике угљокиселих вода условљене су њиховом агресивношћу. Агресивност вода се испољава кроз процесе хидролизе и угљекиселинског излуживања силиката и алумосиликата, и растварања карбоната. Показало се да постоји аналоган садржај елемената у угљокиселим водама и изоморфном садржају минерала гранитоидних интрузива, вулканских стена и кристаластих шкриљаца (Mn, Sr, B, Cs и др.)..., The doctoral thesis examined the hydrogeological structure of carbonacid mineral water in the lithosphere of Serbia. During researches, the following parameters were taken into account: the results of the examination of the age, the genesis and the physicochemical characteristics of carbonacid water; the geotemperature conditions and the geo-tectonic structure of the lithosphere; the test results of isotope researches on δ13C, made in carbonate hydrothermal deposits; the results of the researches of transformation of carbonates on minimum temperatures and structuralhydrogeological conditions inthe drainage areas of carbon-acid mineral water. The results show that carbon, made from carbonacid water, originates from hydrothermal carbonate phases of new magmatic processes and that the parent substrates of this element are Mesozoic carbonates and Paleozoic sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Carbon dioxide can be generated below 3 km of surface, under which rule geotemperature favorable conditions, in the lithosphere of Serbia, for the flowing of thermo-metamorphic (chemical) process of transformation of dolomite and calcite. Hydrogeological structures can reach the deepness of generating carbon dioxide and active quantitative change is made on much smaller depth of 100 m to 1 km. The thesis concludes that physicochemical characteristics of carbonacid water are caused by their aggressiveness, which manifests through a process of hydrolysis and carbonicacid leaching of silicates, alumsilicates and carbonates dissolution. It has been shown that there was an analogue content of elements in carbonacid water in the isomorphic content of minerals, which were in fissures of granitic, volcanic rocks and crystalline shale (Mn,Sr, B, Cs, etc.)...

Mineralne vode još od davnina privlače pažnju ljudi i to kako u pogledu istraživanja i proučavanja, tako i u pogledu njihovog iskorišćavanja. Naročito je važno poznavanje sadržaja mikroelemenata u njima, jer su to komponente njihovog hemijskog sastava koje ih odvajaju od tzv. „običnih“ malomineralizovanih voda. U ovom radu proučavani su odabrani esencijalni mikroelementi (fluor, bor, litijum, kalijum, stroncijum i silicijum), u mineralnim vodama Srbije, pri čemu je analizirano preko 130 uzoraka mineralnih voda iz različitih geoloških sredina, to jest hidrogeoloških rejona. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je izdvajanje glavnih hidrogeohemijskih procesa, koji utiču na vodnu migraciju razmatrane grupe mikroelemenata i njihovu mobilizaciju iz stena. Pored toga, trebalo je definisati hidrogeohemijske uslove (u prvom redu, hemijski sastav voda i litološki sastav sredine) koji pogoduju pojavi povišenih koncentracija ovih elemenata u mineralnim vodama Srbije. U cilju rešavanja problema koji je predmet ove doktorske disertacije korišćena je savremena metodologija, kako prilikom terenskih merenja i laboratorijskih analiza, tako i prilikom sistematizacije i obrade podataka. Na rezultate ispitivanja fizičko-hemijskih karakteristika mineralnih voda (in situ merenja na sirovim uzorcima, skraćene hemijske analize i određivanje sadržaja mikroelemenata) primenjena je multivarijantna statistička analiza (faktorna analiza, Q-mod i R-mod klaster analiza), radi sveobuhvatnijeg sagledavanja raspoloživih informacija. Pored statističkih proračuna (softverski paketi IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 i StatSoft STATISTICA 10.0), ispitivan je i prostorni raspored koncentracija mikroelemenata u mineralnim vodama na teritoriji Srbije (softverski paket Esri ArcGIS 9.3), a na određenom broju uzoraka mineralnih voda vršeno je i hidrohemijsko modeliranje (softverski paket USGS PHREEQC 2.18). Upotreba faktorne analize omogućila je grupisanje hidrohemijskih parametara koji su međusobno korelisani i koji se mogu do, Mineral waters have attracted people’s attention since old times, they were researched and studied for their exploitation and consumption. It is especially important to know their microelements content, because these components separate mineral waters from regular low mineralized tap water. The chosen essential microelements (fluorine, boron, lithium, potassium, strontium and silicon) in mineral waters of Serbia have been studied in this work. Over 130 mineral water samples from different types of aquifers and from different hydrogeological units, have been analyzed. The aim of this research was to point out the main hydrochemical processes which effect water migration of these microelements and their mobilization from the rocks. Besides that, hydrochemical conditions (especially chemical composition of groundwater and lithological composition of the aquifer) causing high concentrations of these elements in mineral waters of Serbia have been defined. In order to solve the problem which is the topic of this doctoral dissertation, modern methodology has been used during the field measurements and laboratory analysis, as well as for systematization and data analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis (factor analysis, Q-mode cluster analysis and R-mode cluster analysis) has been applied on the research results of physical and chemical characteristics of mineral waters (in situ measurements on raw samples, short chemical analyses and analyses of the content of microelements) for better understanding of gathered information. Besides statistical calculations (software packages IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 and StatSoft STATISTICA 10.0), spatial distribution of microelements in mineral waters of Serbia has been studied (software package Esri ArcGIS 9.3), and hydrochemical modeling has been applied on a certain number of mineral water samples (software package USGS PHREEQC 2.18). The use of factor analysis allowed grouping of hydrochemical variables correlating to each other, wh