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Impact pile driving is the conventional method for the installation of monopiles in the offshore wind industry; however, this installation method is environmentally unfriendly and can induce high fatigue in piles. To overcome these issues, the vibratory pile driving method was introduced. However, one major obstacle to utilizing the vibratory pile driving method, is the lack of a well-established drivability analysis method. So far, the most reliable approach for drivability analysis of vibratory pile driving is based on the back-analysis of instrumented test piles in the same soil condition, which is highly costly and time-consuming. The inability to develop a robust drivability analysis method is due to uncertainties related to the cyclic soil resistance during vibratory penetration. The one possible approach explored here is to investigate the cyclic soil resistance during vibratory penetration is the use of Vibratory CPTu (VCPTu). VCPTu is an in-situ soil investigation device that penetrates the ground while inducing cyclic strains with different vibration modes. The collected data can be post-processed to determine a reduction in cyclic soil resistance due to the vibratory mode of penetration. In this study, we adopted wave equation analysis and back analyzed the installation data of a monopile, obtained from the VIBRO project at Cuxhaven-Germany, where three monopiles have been installed using the vibratory pile driving method, and several VCPTus have already been performed there. The reduction in the cyclic soil resistance to vibratory driving, known as degradation factor i.e., Beta Factor, was then calculated and compared with the Beta Factor values obtained from the VCPTu tool. Results showed that the VCPTu data are promising, to some extent and that the results can be considered as roughly representative for the installation of piles. VCPTu is a potential investigation method for challenging sites in the future.

The shallow Nice submarine slope is notorious for the 1979 tsunamigenic landslide that caused eight casualties and severe infrastructural damage. Many previous studies have tackled the question whether earthquake shaking would lead to slope failure and a repetition of the deadly scenario in the region. The answers are controversial. In this study, we assess for the first time the factor of safety using peak ground accelerations (PGAs) from synthetic accelerograms from a simulated offshore Mw 6.3 earthquake at a distance of 25 km from the slope. Based on cone penetration tests (CPTu) and multichannel seismic reflection data, a coarser grained sediment layer was identified. In an innovative geotechnical approach based on uniform cyclic and arbitrary triaxial loading tests, we show that the sandy silt on the Nice submarine slope will fail under certain ground motion conditions. The uniform cyclic triaxial tests indicate that liquefaction failure is likely to occur in Nice slope sediments in the case of a Mw 6.3 earthquake 25 km away. A potential future submarine landslide could have a slide volume (7.7 × 106 m3) similar to the 1979 event. Arbitrary loading tests reveal post-loading pore water pressure rise, which might explain post-earthquake slope failures observed in the field. This study shows that some of the earlier studies offshore Nice may have overestimated the slope stability because they underestimated potential PGAs on the shallow marine slope deposits.

The Port of Tauranga plays a key role in New Zealand's export-import industry, and capital dredging commenced in October 2015 to extend the shipping channels to accommodate larger container vessels. This study investigated two-dimensional and three-dimensional subsurface estuarine sediment stratigraphy to predict the sedimentological conditions encountered during dredging operations to ensure that appropriate dredging methodologies were used to minimise the generation of turbidity. Eight cone penetration tests (CPTs), 14 core descriptions, and a high-resolution seismic investigation in Stella Passage (the main shipping channel of Tauranga Harbour) provided the basis for this research. Six major units comprise the stratigraphy; in ascending order they are lower pumiceous sand and silt (UNIT6), quartz-feldspar sand and silt (UNIT5), middle pumiceous sand and silt (UNIT4), silt-sand-clay (UNIT3), upper pumiceous sand and silt (UNIT2), and Holocene marine (UNIT1) sediments forming the modern seafloor. Three paleovalleys filled with sediments from UNIT2 were identified extending west to east across the channel. The CPT profiles were correlated with the seismostratigraphic units and their corresponding soil behaviour type to characterise each unit's sediment stiffness. The UNIT6 is unlikely to be encountered in current and future capital dredging operations because it is the lowest observed unit. A special dredging methodology may be required for UNIT5 and UNIT4 as they have high CPT tip resistance and undrained shear strength. For UNIT3, UNIT2, and UNIT1, which have very low CPT tip resistance and undrained shear strength, trailing suction and cutter suction dredging is appropriate. The potential turbidity of the water column, however, could impose a significant threat to marine biota and has to be taken into account.

Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese 1887) Seiulus degenerans Berlese, 1887: 9. Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) Berlese, 1921: 95. Amblyseius (Iphiseius) degenerans (Berlese) Muma, 1961: 288. Iphiseius (Iphiseius) degenerans (Berlese) Prichard and Baker, 1962: 299. Iphiseius degenerans Moraes et al., 2004: 92; Chant and McMurtry, 2007: 123. Distribution — Algeria, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, China (Hong-Kong), Congo, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Lebanon, Madeira Islands, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Portugal, Rwanda, South-Africa, Tanzania, Turkey, Yemen, Zaire and Zimbabwe (Demite et al. 2016). Material examined — Sfax: Cap Bon: Beni Kalled (36°36’44.77"N, 10°31’30.72"E), April 2010, 7 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂, and June 2011, 3 ♀♀. Note — this species has a wide distribution in Africa and around the Mediterranean Sea on a great variety of plants (McMurtry 1977; Papaioannou et al. 1994; Swirski and Amitai 1997; Grissa-Lebdi 2003; Sahraoui et al. 2012). It is used for the biological control of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Vantornhout et al. 2005) and spider mites in greenhouses (Vantornhout et al. 2004)., Published as part of Chatti, A., Kreiter, S., Lebdi-Grissa, K. & Ksantini, M., 2017, Phytophagous and predatory mites on olive trees in Tunisia. Catalogue, description of one new species and key for identification (Acari, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae and Phytoseiidae), pp. 233-254 in Acarologia 57 (2) on page 239, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20164152, http://zenodo.org/record/5401682, {"references":["Berlese A. 1887 - Acari, Myriopoda and Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta - Tipografia del Seminario, Padova 6 (54): 7 - 9.","Berlese A. 1921 - Acari, Myriopoda et Pseudoscorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta. I. Indice sinonimico dei generi e delle specie illustrate nei fascicoli 1 a 101 - Redia 14: 77 - 105.","Muma M. H. 1961 - Subfamilies, genera, and species of Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) - Fla. St. Mus. Bull. 5: 267 - 302.","Moraes G. J. de, McMurtry J. A., Denmark H. A., Campos C. B. 2004 - A revised catalog of the mite family Phytoseiidae - Zootaxa 434: 1 - 494.","Chant D. A., McMurtry J. A. 2007 - Illustrated keys and diagnoses for the genera and sub genera of the Phytoseiidae of the World - Indira Publishing House, 220 pp.","McMurtry J. A. 1977 - Some predaceous mites (Phytoseiidae) on citrus in the Mediterranean region - Entomophaga 22: 19 - 30.","Grissa-Lebdi K. 2003 - Etude eco-demographique des acariens phytophages, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Eotetranychus pruni et du predateur, Neoseiulus californicus (Acari, Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) et lutte biologique en vergers de pommiers - These de Doctorat d'Etat en Sciences Agronomiques, INAT, 278 pp.","Sahraoui H., Lebdi Grissa K., Kreiter S., Douin M., Tixier M. - S. 2012 - Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of Tunisian Citrus orchards - Acarologia 52: 433 - 452. doi: 10.1051 / acarologia / 20122072","Vantornhout I., Minnaert H. L., Tirry L., Clercq P. de 2005 - Infuence of diet on life table parameters of Iphiseius degenerans - Exp. Appl. Acarol. 35: 183 - 195. doi: 10.1007 / s 10493 - 004 - 3940 - x","Vantornhout I., Minnaert H. L., Tirry L., Clercq P. de 2004 - Effect of pollen, natural prey and factitious prey on the development of Iphiseius degenerans - BioControl 49: 627 - 644."]}

Aceria olea (Nalepa 1900) Eriophyes oleae Nalepa, 1900: 154. Phytoptus oleae (Nalepa), 1905: 139-140. Aceria oleae (Nalepa) Hatzinikolis, 1986: 49-54. Common name — olive bud mite. Distribution — Aceria oleae is recorded from Algeria, Egypt, Greece, Libya, Marocco, Span, Iran Italy, Portugal, U.S. A and South Africa (Vacante 2016). Material examined — Sfax: Aouled Msallem (34°58’21.97"N, 10°47’20.72"E), April 2008, 59 ♀♀ and 8 immatures; Hageb (34°42’16.50"N, 10°39’18.97"E), April 2008, 82 ♀♀ and 23 ♂♂; Taous (34°56’02.88"N, 10°36’52.77"E), April 2008, 41 ♀♀ and 12 ♂♂; Ltayfa (34°44’58.23"N, 10°11’39.67"E), April 2008, 67 ♀♀ and 33 ♂♂; Jbenyana (35°03’14.28"N, 10°55’46.63"E), April 2011, 29 ♀♀ and 23 immatures. Karkennah: Sidi Yousef (34°39’30.27"N, 10°59’42.70"E), June 2009, 38 ♀♀ and 7 ♂♂; Aouled Yaneg (34°40’22.19"N, 11°08’15.07"E), June 2009, 56 ♀♀, 23 ♂♂ and 18 immatures; Ramla (34°43’17.06"N, 11°12’34.35"E), June 2009, 42 ♀♀ and 10 ♂♂; Mellita (34°39’24.43"N, 11°1’59.42"E), June 2009, 23 ♀♀ and 13 ♂♂; Ataya (34°44’26.25"N, 11°18’8.47"E), May 2011, 12 ♀♀ and 21 ♂♂. Gafsa: Oasis Gafsa (34°24’55.53"N, 8°44’42.69"E), April 2008, 29 ♀♀ and 5 ♂♂; Guetar (34°20’16.39"N, 8°54’55.85"E), April 2008, 64 ♀♀ and 55 ♂♂; Bou Omran (34°21’38.47"N, 9°8’16.61"E), April 2008, 23 ♀♀ and 14 ♂♂; Bou Saad (34°21’57.24"N, 9°9’48.46"E), April 2008, 13 ♀♀ and 8 ♂♂. Cap Bon: Grambalia (36°36’46.35"N, 10°31’30.59"E), 8 ♀♀ and 13 ♂♂, February 2010, 7 ♀♀; Beni Kalled (36°36’44.77"N, 10°31’30.72"E), February 2010, 30 ♀♀. Sidi Bouzid: Regueb (34°50’26.08"N, 9°47’49.20"E), May 2009, 12 ♀♀ and 26 ♂♂; Sidi Bouzid (35°02’03.70"N, 9°25’24.77"E), May 2009, 38 ♀♀ and 16 ♂♂. Note — This species is a pest of olive trees in the Mediterranean area and is especially injurious to young trees (Elhadi and Birger 1999) and in nurseries. It causes leaf and fruit deformation, and seriously reduces the amount and quality of olives and oils. In Tunisia, the pest is very common in all olivegrowing localities and it reaches very high population densities. It is often found associated with O. maxwelli., Published as part of Chatti, A., Kreiter, S., Lebdi-Grissa, K. & Ksantini, M., 2017, Phytophagous and predatory mites on olive trees in Tunisia. Catalogue, description of one new species and key for identification (Acari, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae and Phytoseiidae), pp. 233-254 in Acarologia 57 (2) on page 236, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20164152, http://zenodo.org/record/5401682, {"references":["Nalepa A. 1900 - Zur Kenntniss der Gattung Eriophyes Sieb - Nal. Denkschr. Kais. Akad, Wissen., Math. Naturw. Kl. Wien 68: 201 - 218.","Hatzinikolis E. N. 1986 - Contribution to the description, record and onomatology of Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) - Entomologia Hellenica 4 (2): 49 - 54.","Vacante V. 2016 - The handbook of mites of economic plants: Identification, bio-ecology and control - Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), Oxfordshire, UK. 890 pp.","Elhadi F., Birger R. 1999 - A New Approach to the Control of the Olive Mite Aceria (Eriophyes) oleae Nalepa in Olive Trees - III International Symposium on Olive Growing. Cordoba, Spain. Acta Hortic. 474: 555 - 557."]}

Family: Tenuipalpidae False spider mites are smaller than Tetranychidae dorsoventrally flat and slow moving. Only two species have been reported on olive trees in Tunisian orchards, belonging to the same genus (Brevipalpus) (Pegazzano and Castagnoli 1972). Symptoms appear generally as small white spots on the leaves and in case of heavy infestations can result in desiccation and leaf drop (Pegazzano and Castagnoli 1972)., Published as part of Chatti, A., Kreiter, S., Lebdi-Grissa, K. & Ksantini, M., 2017, Phytophagous and predatory mites on olive trees in Tunisia. Catalogue, description of one new species and key for identification (Acari, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae and Phytoseiidae), pp. 233-254 in Acarologia 57 (2) on page 237, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20164152, http://zenodo.org/record/5401682, {"references":["Pegazzano F., Castagnoli M. 1972 - Brevipalpus olivicola sp. n. (Acarina, Tenuipalpidae). Description and notes on its biology - Redia 53: 139 - 149."]}

Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga 1904 Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga, 1904: 178. Phytoseius (Dubininellus) finitimus Wainstein, 1959: 1365. Phytoseius (Pennaseius) finitimus Pritchard and Baker, 1962: 223. Pennaseius finitimus Schuster and Pritchard, 1963: 279. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) finitimus Denmark, 1966: 16. Phytoseius finitimus Chant, 1959: 108; Moraes et al., 2004: 252; Chant and McMurtry, 2007: 129. Material examined — Karkennah: Sidi Yousef (34°39’30.27"N, 10°59’42.70"E), April 2011, 8 ♀♀; Aouled Yaneg (34°40’22.19"N, 11°08’15.07"E), March 2010, 5 ♀♀; Sidi Bouzid: Regueb (34°50’26.08"N, 9°47’49.20"E), May 2009, 4 ♀♀ and 1 ♂. Distribution — Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and USA (Demite et al. 2016). Note — Some confusion between Phytoseius finitimus and P. plumifer existed in literature (Duso and Fontana 2002). This species is reported in Mediterranean basin and has been observed in vineyards (Minarro and Kreiter 2012). Phytoseius finitimus is a natural enemy of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Duso and Moretto 1994), and eriophyid mites: Aceria ficus (Rasmy and El-Banhawy 1974), it can also feed on pollen (Rasmy and El-Banhawy 1975)., Published as part of Chatti, A., Kreiter, S., Lebdi-Grissa, K. & Ksantini, M., 2017, Phytophagous and predatory mites on olive trees in Tunisia. Catalogue, description of one new species and key for identification (Acari, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae and Phytoseiidae), pp. 233-254 in Acarologia 57 (2) on page 241, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20164152, http://zenodo.org/record/5401682, {"references":["Ribaga C. 1904 - Gamasidi planticoli - Riv. Patol. Veg. 10: 175 - 178.","Wainstein B. A. 1959 - New subgenus and species of the genus Phytoseius Ribaga, 1902 (Phytoseiidae: Parasitiformes) - Zool. Zh. 38: 1361 - 1365.","Schuster R. O., Pritchard A. E. 1963 - Phytoseiid mites of California - Hilgardia 34: 191 - 285.","Denmark H. A. 1966. - Revision of the genus Phytoseius Ribaga, 1904 (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) - Fla. Dept. Agric. Div. Plant Industry Bull., 6: 1 - 105.","Chant D. A. 1959 - Phytoseiid mites. Part I. Bionomics of seven species in southeastern England. Part II. A taxonomic review of the family Phytoseiidae, with descriptions of 38 new species - Can. Entomol. 91, suppl. 12: 1 - 166.","Moraes G. J. de, McMurtry J. A., Denmark H. A., Campos C. B. 2004 - A revised catalog of the mite family Phytoseiidae - Zootaxa 434: 1 - 494.","Chant D. A., McMurtry J. A. 2007 - Illustrated keys and diagnoses for the genera and sub genera of the Phytoseiidae of the World - Indira Publishing House, 220 pp.","Duso C., Fontana P. 2002 - On the identity of Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) - Acarologia 42: 127 - 136.","Mi-arro M. & Kreiter S. 2012 - Fitoseidos en los vinedos de la denominacion Vino de Calidad de Cangas (Asturias) - Boletinde Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas, 38: 73 - 82.","Duso C., Moretto S. 1994 - Osservazioni preliminari sui comportamento dell'acaro predatore Phytoseius plumifer (Can. et Fanz.) - Mem. Soc. Entomol. It., 72: 533 - 540.","Rasmy A. H., El-Banhawy E. M. 1974 - The phytoseiid mite, Phytoseius plumifer as a predator of the eriophid mite, Aceria ficus (Acarina) - Entomophaga 19: 427 - 430.","Rasmy A. H., El-Banhawy E. M. 1975 - Biology and predatory efficincy of two phytoseiid mites as affected by long term pollen feeding - Entomophaga 20: 93 - 95."]}