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49 results on '"KOCH, EVAMARIA W."'

14. Vegetation's Role in Coastal Protection [with Response]

Author

Feagin, Rusty A., Barbier, Edward B., Koch, Evamaria W., Silliman, Brian R., Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric, Primavera, Jurgenne H., Granek, Elise F., Polasky, Stephen, Aswani, Shankar, Cramer, Lori A., Stoms, David M., Kennedy, Chris J., Bael, David, Kappel, Carrie V., Perillo, Gerardo M. E., and Reed, Denise J.

Published
2008

27. Seagrass Ecosystem Services and Their Variability across Genera and Geographical Regions

Author

Nordlund, Lina Mtwana, Koch, Evamaria W., Barbier, Edward B., Creed, Joel C., Nordlund, Lina Mtwana, Koch, Evamaria W., Barbier, Edward B., and Creed, Joel C.

Abstract

Threats to and loss of seagrass ecosystems globally, impact not only natural resources but also the lives of people who directly or indirectly depend on these systems. Seagrass ecosystems play a multi-functional role in human well-being, e. g. food through fisheries, control of erosion and protection against floods. Quantifying these services reveals their contributions to human well-being and helps justify seagrass conservation. There has been no comprehensive assessment as to whether seagrass ecosystem services are perceived to vary over the globe or amongst genera. Our study compiles the most complete list of ecosystem services provided by seagrasses so far, including bioregional-and genus-specific information from expert opinion and published studies. Several seagrass ecosystem services vary considerably in their (known) provision across genera and over the globe. Seagrasses genera are clearly not all equal with regard to the ecosystem services they provide. As seagrass genera are not evenly distributed over all bioregions, the presence of an ecosystem service sometimes depends on the genera present. Larger sized seagrass genera (e. g. Posidonia, Enhalus) are perceived to provide more substantial and a wider variety of ecosystem services than smaller species (e. g. Halophila, Lepilaena). Nevertheless, smaller species provide important services. Our findings point out data gaps, provide new insight for more efficient management and recommend caution in economic valuation of seagrass services worldwide.

Published
2016
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31. Coastal ecosystems: a critical element of risk reduction

Author

Spalding, Mark D, McIvor, Anna L, Beck, Michael W, Koch, Evamaria W, Moller, Iris, Reed, Denise J, Rubinoff, Pamela, Spencer, Tom, Tolhurst, Trevor J, Wamsely, Ty V, Van Wesenbeeck, Bregje K, Wolanski, Eric, Woodroffe, Colin, Spalding, Mark D, McIvor, Anna L, Beck, Michael W, Koch, Evamaria W, Moller, Iris, Reed, Denise J, Rubinoff, Pamela, Spencer, Tom, Tolhurst, Trevor J, Wamsely, Ty V, Van Wesenbeeck, Bregje K, Wolanski, Eric, and Woodroffe, Colin

Abstract

The conservation of coastal ecosystems can provide considerable coastal protection benefits, but this role has not been sufficiently accounted for in coastal planning and engineering. Substantial evidence now exists showing how, and under what conditions, ecosystems can play a valuable function in wave and storm surge attenuation, erosion reduction, and in the longer term maintenance of the coastal profile. Both through their capacity for self repair and recovery, and through the often considerable cobenefits they provide, ecosystems can offer notable advantages over traditional engineering approaches in some settings. They can also be combined in “hybrid” engineering designs. We make 10 recommendations to encourage the utilization of existing knowledge and to improve the incorporation of ecosystems into policy, planning and funding for coastal hazard risk reduction.

Published
2014

32. Vegetation’s role in coastal protection: response

Author

Barbier, Edward B, Koch, Evamaria W., Silliman, Brian Red, Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric, Primavera, Jurgenne, Granek, Elise F., Polasky, Stephen, Aswani, Shankar, Cramer, Lori A., Stoms, David M., Kennedy, Chris J., Bael, David, Kappel, Carrie V., Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E., and Reed, Denise J.

Subjects
Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente
Abstract

A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an “ all or none ” choice of either preserving coastal habitats or converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, nearshore coral reefs, and sand dunes reveals that these relationships are rarely linear. By incorporating nonlinear wave attenuation in estimating coastal protection values of mangroves in Thailand, we show that the optimal land use option may instead be the integration of development and conservation consistent with ecosystem-based management goals. This result suggests that reconciling competing demands on coastal habitats should not always result in stark preservation-versus-conversion choices. Fil: Barbier, Edward B. University of Wyoming; Estados Unidos Fil: Koch, Evamaria W.. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Silliman, Brian Red. University of Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Hacker, Sally D.. Oregon State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Wolanski, Eric. James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science; Australia Fil: Primavera, Jurgenne. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center; Filipinas Fil: Granek, Elise F.. Portland State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Polasky, Stephen. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Aswani, Shankar. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Cramer, Lori A.. Oregon State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Stoms, David M.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Kennedy, Chris J.. University of Wyoming; Estados Unidos Fil: Bael, David. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Kappel, Carrie V.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina Fil: Reed, Denise J.. University of New Orleans; Estados Unidos

Published
2008

33. Mediated modeling for integrating science and stakeholders: Impacts of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on ecosystem services

Author

Van den Belt, Marjan, Costanza, Robert, Demers, Serge, Diaz, Susana Beatriz, Ferreyra, Gustavo Adolfo, Gianesella, Sonia M. F., Koch, Evamaria W., Momo, Fernando Roberto, Vernet, María, Tiessen, Holm, Brklacich, Mike, Breulmann , Gerhard, and Menezes, Rômulo S. C.

Subjects
Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente
Abstract

Mathematical modeling has historically been the province of experts (van den Belt 2004). When applied to policy questions, which span several disciplines and involve nontechnical stakeholders, the expert modeling approach is severely limited. Models for policy purposes usually become quite complex, and it is difficult to communicate results (or the underlying logic of the models) to decision makers in ways that are “credible” (Costanza and Ruth 1998). Models derive their credibility from two distinct sources: 1) the technical ability of the model to reproduce measured observations, and 2) the degree of “buy-in” to the assumptions of the model by stakeholders involved. Within a scientific discipline, the second source is often taken for granted. But in policy-relevant modeling, it often requires special attention. To achieve the necessary buy-in among the diverse stakeholders affected by a policy problem requires that the stakeholders participate in the modeling process. This chapter focuses on this participatory approach to model building in the context of the impacts of enhanced ultraviolet- B radiation (UVBR) on ecosystem services (Table 20.1). Enhanced UVBR is known from small-scale experiments to have several effects on organisms and ecosystems (Smith et al. 1992). But how those effects scale up and affect ecosystem services is not known. This chapter reports on both a mediated model-building process and the resulting model built jointly by scientists and stakeholders. Fil: Van den Belt, Marjan. Mediated Modeling Partners; Estados Unidos Fil: Costanza, Robert. University Of Vermont.; Estados Unidos Fil: Demers, Serge. Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Diaz, Susana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina Fil: Ferreyra, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Gianesella, Sonia M. F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Koch, Evamaria W.. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Momo, Fernando Roberto. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento; Argentina Fil: Vernet, María. University of California; Estados Unidos

Published
2007

36. Coastal Ecosystems: A Critical Element of Risk Reduction

Author

Spalding, Mark D., primary, McIvor, Anna L., additional, Beck, Michael W., additional, Koch, Evamaria W., additional, Möller, Iris, additional, Reed, Denise J., additional, Rubinoff, Pamela, additional, Spencer, Thomas, additional, Tolhurst, Trevor J., additional, Wamsley, Ty V., additional, Wesenbeeck, Bregje K., additional, Wolanski, Eric, additional, and Woodroffe, Colin D., additional

Published
2013
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37. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values

Author

Barbier, Edward, Koch, Evamaria W., Silliman, Brian R., Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric., Primavera, Jurgenne, Granek, Elise F., Polasky, Stephen, Aswani, Shankar, Cramer, Lori A., Stoms, David M., Kennedy, Chris J., Bael, David., Kappel, Carrie V., Perillo, G. M. E., Reed, Denise J., Barbier, Edward, Koch, Evamaria W., Silliman, Brian R., Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric., Primavera, Jurgenne, Granek, Elise F., Polasky, Stephen, Aswani, Shankar, Cramer, Lori A., Stoms, David M., Kennedy, Chris J., Bael, David., Kappel, Carrie V., Perillo, G. M. E., and Reed, Denise J.

Abstract

A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an “all or none” choice of either preserving coastal habitats of converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, nearshore coral reefs, and sand dunes reveals that these relationships are rarely linear. By incorporating nonlinear wave attenuation is estimating coastal protection values of mangroves in Thailand, we show that the optimal land use option may instead be the integration of development and conservation consistent with ecosystem-based management goals. This result suggests that reconciling competing demands on coastal habitats should not always result in stark preservation-versus conversion choices.

Published
2008

43. Coastal Ecosystems: A Critical Element of Risk Reduction.

Author

Spalding, Mark D., McIvor, Anna L., Beck, Michael W., Koch, Evamaria W., Möller, Iris, Reed, Denise J., Rubinoff, Pamela, Spencer, Thomas, Tolhurst, Trevor J., Wamsley, Ty V., Wesenbeeck, Bregje K., Wolanski, Eric, and Woodroffe, Colin D.

Subjects
COASTAL zone management, COASTAL biodiversity, COASTAL engineering, BIODIVERSITY conservation, SALT marshes, MANGROVE forests, SEAGRASSES
Abstract

The conservation of coastal ecosystems can provide considerable coastal protection benefits, but this role has not been sufficiently accounted for in coastal planning and engineering. Substantial evidence now exists showing how, and under what conditions, ecosystems can play a valuable function in wave and storm surge attenuation, erosion reduction, and in the longer term maintenance of the coastal profile. Both through their capacity for self repair and recovery, and through the often considerable cobenefits they provide, ecosystems can offer notable advantages over traditional engineering approaches in some settings. They can also be combined in 'hybrid' engineering designs. We make 10 recommendations to encourage the utilization of existing knowledge and to improve the incorporation of ecosystems into policy, planning and funding for coastal hazard risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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45. The Role of Currents and Waves in the Dispersal of Submersed Angiosperm Seeds and Seedlings.

Author

Koch, Evamaria W., Ailstock, M. Stephen, Booth, Dale M., Shafer, Deborah J., and Magoun, A. Dale

Subjects
*WATER currents, *WATER waves, *RUPPIA maritima, *POTAMOGETON, *SEED dispersal, *SEEDLINGS
Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that currents, waves, and sediment grain size affect the dispersal of seeds and seedlings of the submersed angiosperms Ruppia maritima, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Stuckenia pectinata. Seed settling velocities and initiation of motion of seeds and seedlings and distance transported were quantified on four sediment types under a range of currents and waves in a flume. The rapid settling velocities of R. maritima and S. pectinata seeds and the increased settling velocity of P. perfoliatus in currents above 8 cm/second suggest that primary dispersal of these species is localized to the general area colonized by their parents. Once settled within a bed, seeds are exposed to weak currents and waves, and are likely to be subject to sediment deposition which may further limit dispersal. In contrast, in restoration projects, the absence of vegetation is likely to make seeds more vulnerable to grazing and transport, and may contribute to the lack of plant establishment. If seeds germinate without being buried, they are susceptible to secondary dispersal at relatively low current velocities and small wave heights due to the drag exerted on the cotyledon. Sand grains tend to stick to the seed coat and rootlet of P. perfoliatus seedlings, perhaps a mechanism to reduce the chances of being displaced following germination. These data reveal the close links between sediment, water flow, and submersed angiosperm seedling establishment; these parameters should be considered when using seeds for restoration of submersed angiosperms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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46. A Nearshore Model to Investigate the Effects of Seagrass Bed Geometry on Wave Attenuation and Suspended Sediment Transport.

Author

Shih-Nan Chen, Sanford, Lawrence P., Koch, Evamaria W., Fengyan Shi, and North, Elizabeth W.

Subjects
SEAGRASSES, WAVE energy, SUSPENDED sediments, SEDIMENT transport, MARINE plants, MONOCOTYLEDONS, THEORY of wave motion
Abstract

The effects of seagrass bed geometry on wave attenuation and suspended sediment transport were investigated using a modified Nearshore Community Model (NearCoM). The model was enhanced to account for cohesive sediment erosion and deposition, sediment transport, combined wave and current shear stresses, and seagrass effects on drag. Expressions for seagrass drag as a function of seagrass shoot density and canopy height were derived from published flume studies of model vegetation. The predicted reduction of volume flux for steady flow through a bed agreed reasonably well with a separate flume study. Predicted wave attenuation qualitatively captured seasonal patterns observed in the field: wave attenuation peaked during the flowering season and decreased as shoot density and canopy height decreased. Model scenarios with idealized bathymetries demonstrated that, when wave orbital velocities and the seagrass canopy interact, increasing seagrass bed width in the direction of wave propagation results in higher wave attenuation, and increasing incoming wave height results in higher relative wave attenuation. The model also predicted lower skin friction, reduced erosion rates, and higher bottom sediment accumulation within and behind the bed. Reduced erosion rates within seagrass beds have been reported, but reductions in stress behind the bed require further studies for verification. Model results suggest that the mechanism of sediment trapping by seagrass beds is more complex than reduced erosion rates alone; it also requires suspended sediment sources outside of the bed and horizontal transport into the bed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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49. Response.

Author

Barbier, Edward B., Koch, Evamaria W., Silliman, Brian R., Hacker, Sally D., Wolanski, Eric, Primavera, Jurgenne H., Granek, Elise F., Polasky, Stephen, Aswani, Shankar, Cramer, Lori A., Stoms, David M., Kennedy, Chris J., Bael, David, Kappel, Carrie V., Perillo, Gerardo M.E., and Reed, Denise J.

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *VEGETATION management
Abstract

A response by several authors to a letter to the editor on the article about the role of vegetation in coastal protection in the January 18 issue is presented.

Published
2008

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