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Objective: Lung injuries are mostly ignored in patients supported by mechanical ventilation. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin has come into prominence as an early sensitive and highly predictive biomarker of inflammation. The purpose of the study was to assess the capability of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in recognizing lung injuries in children requiring mechanical ventilation. Materials and Methods: This prospective case-controlled study was carried out in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit. The entire study group consisted of a total of 45 patients, 15 in the patient group (supported by invasive mechanical ventilation) and 30 in the control group (self-breathing). Whether lung injuries developed or not was investigated by measuring serumneutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and urine-neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in the course of ventilation support. Results: In the patient group supported by mechanical ventilation, mean levels of serum-neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and urine-neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were measured as 192 ± 136.7 ng/mL and 43.7 ± 57.5 ng/mL, respectively. In the control group (self-breathing patients), mean levels of serum-neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and urine-neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were found as 144.8 ± 95 ng/mL and 39.3 ± 85 ng/mL, respectively. The levels of serum-neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were higher in those ventilated mechanically, compared to self-breathing patients. Although urineneutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels were higher among mechanically ventilated patients than the controls, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on our study findings, we consider that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin may be a useful biomarker for emerging lung injuries due to mechanical ventilation in critically ill children and deserves to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydatid cysts are zoonotic parasitic infections caused by Echinococ- cus granulosus. Although witnessed in all body parts, the first and most important locations for this parasite are the liver and lungs. Unusually, hydatid cysts are rarely located in the pelvic region. The majority of such cysts generally develop secondary to spontaneous rupture of an hepatic hydatic cyst or due to surgical inoculation. Incidentally diagnosed in a patient admitted with the picture of acute abdomen, a case of primary hydatid cyst located in retrovesical region, an uncommon localization for hydatid cysts, is presented in this report. In patients admitted with symptoms of abdominal pain in endemic regions, and in those suspected of having unidentified cystic lesions, the unusual localization of a primary hydatid cyst should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of shock wave Lithotripsy (SWL) and factors affecting seance number while treating children with renal stones. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 children (53 renal units) who underwent SWL for renal stones between 2012 and 2014 were investigated retrospectively. The demographics of patients, the number, size, side, location, and radiolucency of stones in kidneys, placement of JJ stents, shock number, energy, seance number, stone-free rate, and complications were noted. Results: Patients involved 25 girls and 25 boys with a median age of 4.0 years ranging from eight months to 16 years (21≤3y). Stones were located in the renal pelvis and calyxes in 20 and 33 patients, respectively. Of the renal stones, 33 were single and 20 were multiple. The mean stone size was 11.02±5.4 mm. Success rates were 45.3, 75.5, and 92.5% after seances 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Per seance, the mean SWL shock waves and energy were 1219±262 and 12.6±0.9 kV. A significant relationship was found between the need for a third seance and patient age (≤3 years and >3), radiolucent and radiopague, ≤10 mm and >10 mm or single and multiple stone (p<0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between success rate and age; sex; number, size, location, and side of stones; and radiolucent stones. Conclusions: Age, radiolucency, stone size, and number of stones were significant predictors of SWL success in children. We observed that stone-free status is achieved more quickly, even within the first or second SWL seances by significantly decreasing the need for the third seance in group age ≤3 years, radiolucent, ≤10 mm or single renal stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent from the group of biguanide compounds. Metformin-related lactic acidosis is one of the adverse effects with high mortality in the cases of metforming poisoning. We aimed to present a case of attempted suicide that developed acute renal failure due to excessive dose of metformin intake, which was treated with methylprednisolone. This is the first case treated with pulse methylprednisolone in the literature without hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angelman syndrome (AS) is known as an intellectual disability related to speech impairment, ataxia and behavioral uniqueness, including a combination of frequent laughter and smiling, apparent happy demeanor, excitable personality and hypermotor behavior. In this report, we present a 5-year-old girl with AS associated with atypical clinical manifestations, including developmental dysplasia of the hip and simian line in the right hand, and her elder sister with AS. Even if any gene mutation cannot be demonstrated, it should be kept in mind that different mutations may exist in the cases that are the suggestive of clinical AS. Therefore, AS patients can be exposed to special education, and their quality of life can be elevated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.