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Throughout the centuries, animals held great significance in every civilization, particularly during the Byzantine period. Animal motifs permeated Byzantine art, bearing profound and significant associations and meanings. A diverse array of animals and birds received a great deal of attention and inspired Byzantine sculptors, which featured plentifully in various works of art and objects, however, Christian reliquaries, especially those fashioned in the form of sarcophagi, played a central role in showcasing these animals. These animal figures often adorned the empty spaces on the surfaces, serving both decorative and symbolic purposes, and notably serving as significant figures within the Christian faith, carrying profound symbolic meanings. They were significant in expressing religious and cultural beliefs while expressing intricate theological concepts. Hence, this article will explore five sarcophagi reliquaries uncovered in Syria, distinguished by the presence of animal figures. It aims to clarify the manner of their depiction and establish their connections to saints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scholarly article examines the depiction of the Holy Chalice within a significant category of Christian reliquaries, with a specific focus on examples from Syria. The research delves into the analysis of numerous sarcophagi reliquaries distinguished by their utilization of the libation system and explores the various artistic representations of the Chalice within this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]