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The concept of Shared Space Street Shared Space Street (SSS) has the potential to bring many benefits to a city. Those include promotion of social interaction, the connectivity within the city for both vehicles and pedestrians, active engagement of the people with the space, walkability, vitality and street livability, better economic wealth and alike. These factors work together to improve livability, vitality of street and indirectly bring economic wealth to municipalities through increasing the footfall to shops, enhancing the health and safety of the locality and increasing the property values. Hence, this clearly is a consideration for strategic property management and relevant professionals. However, This concept has also been criticized for its practical issues when implemented in some parts of the world. Such issues include difficulties faced by aged people and people with disabilities, harassment faced by the cyclists, etc. This paper explores the methods and approaches that can be used to harness potential advantages of the SSS concept and to overcome its practical issues and criticisms through a detail evaluation of design driven use of space in three case studies within United Kingdom. Finally, this paper proposes a set of design factors which can be applied to a SSS design in order to ensure a successful implementation.

About CADRE:\ud Among many communities in the EU and beyond, disasters pose significant concerns and challenges. The importance of tackling disaster risk is highlighted in all three of the major global agreements that were finalised in 2015: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 - 2030, Climate Change (COP21), and the Sustainable Development Goals.\ud The Sendai Framework, endorsed by 187 UN states in 2015, recognises that disaster risk reduction practices need to be multi-hazard and multisectoral, inclusive and accessible in order to be efficient and effective.\ud The construction industry and associated built environment professions are a vital component of this capacity. The scale, size and impact of the built environment cannot be ignored. It generates about 9% of gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union and provides 18 million direct jobs. As a major consumer of services and intermediate products such as raw materials, chemicals or electrical equipment, construction impacts many other economic sectors.\ud The vital role of the built environment in serving human endeavours means that when elements of it are damaged or destroyed, the ability of society to function – economically and socially – is severely disrupted. Those responsible for the built environment have a vital role to play in developing societal resilience to disasters.\ud An EU funded project entitled CADRE (Collaborative Action towards Disaster Resilience Education), which was launched in 2013,set out to identify mechanisms to mainstream disaster resilience in the construction process.\ud This report examines the past and present impact of disasters and current trends that are driving disaster risk. It considers the vital role of built environment professionals in contributing to the aims of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-30. In supporting this goal, the report documents some of the key knowledge gaps that must be addressed by education programmes for construction professionals and sets out a series of recommendations to make this happen.

It is no exaggeration to say that CIB is the world's foremost platform for international cooperation \ud and information exchange in the area of building and construction research and innovation. What \ud takes place at CIB events is the very essence of CIB's raison d'être and, outside the triennial CIB \ud Congress, an unprecedented number of CIB working commissions and task groups are represented \ud at this Conference and we have worked to facilitate interaction with a rich mix of specialist \ud streams, opportunities for informal networking and a series of challenging keynotes. \ud With its focus of “Construction in a Changing World”, the Conference provides a forum for \ud researchers worldwide to debate and exchange ideas and experiences on a broad range of issues. \ud Driven by technology innovation, demographic growth, environmental change, a new economic \ud order and a strong undercurrent of social and political desire for change, the world is changing \ud quickly. Construction doesn’t exist in isolation and, in a fast-changing world, the sector has the vital \ud role of providing the requisite built environment to meet the challenges presented by these \ud changes. In order to deliver value, maintain competitiveness and address the needs of society, the \ud construction industry will need to develop its capabilities for managing innovation and technical \ud change. The Conference will bring together resources and knowledge across different fields, \ud technologies and disciplines to deal with the major challenges that construction professionals will \ud be confronted with in the coming years.

Improving resilience through empowerment of communities is becoming a much sought after\ud strategy for community level disaster preparedness. Community resilience is the ability of a\ud community to bounce back to its operational equilibrium after a hazardous stress. This ability\ud builds up over time based on many underlying factors such as community’s age distribution,\ud food supply, livelihood, population stability, indigenous knowledge, and communication\ud capacity. Often, these factors make communities different from one another and define their\ud level of resilience to disasters and other hazardous stresses.\ud Involuntary relocations alter the equilibrium position and stress absorbing ability of a\ud community by merging two (or more) communities with different resilience equilibrium\ud positions. In this case, resilience of these communities towards potential disasters could be\ud disturbed. Therefore, when involuntary relocations are to be exercised, maximising the potential\ud and collaboration of the communities is essential to enhance the overall resilience of the\ud communities involved. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop a conceptual model to integrate\ud possible mechanisms to build community resilience within involuntary settlements by\ud enhancing collaboration between host community and displaced community.\ud This study was conducted through a comprehensive literature review to investigate the research\ud question: ‘How involuntary settlements alter the resilience of the communities in Sri Lanka?’ It\ud has been found that the operational equilibrium of host and displaced communities would make\ud a shift immediately after relocation, because introduction of a new community will alter the\ud context of all the influencing factors of a community’s resilience. That shift would also be\ud higher for the displaced community compared to the host community.

Over the last decade, a series of increasingly devastated natural disasters have been witnessed\ud across the world. The disaster threats were further aggravated due to various social, economic\ud and environmental trends, such as, growing population, urbanisation, inequality and global\ud environmental change. This demanded a more proactive approach to reduce the vulnerability\ud and exposure, and to increase resilience. For proper implementation of resilience measures,\ud various efforts are required from construction practitioners. Accordingly, construction\ud practitioners are expected to play a key role at each stage of the disaster management cycle.\ud However, recent literature concerning disasters has highlighted the inadequate engagement of\ud the construction industry in reducing the risk of disasters. This emphasises the need to engage\ud the construction professionals adequately, in achieving a resilient built environment. Therefore,\ud it is of paramount importance to provide construction industries with the necessary capacity and\ud capability to plan, design, build and operate in such a way that will reduce vulnerability and\ud exposure, and increase resilience. In order to address this challenge, CADRE (Collaborative\ud Action towards Disaster Resilience Education), which is an EU funded research project, intends\ud to develop an innovative professional doctoral programme that addresses the career needs, and\ud upgrade the knowledge and skills, of practising professionals working to make communities\ud more resilient to disasters. Accordingly, the first phase of the research involved, capturing the\ud needs of 5 stakeholder groups associated in disaster resilience and management as well as\ud current and emerging skills and ultimately knowledge gaps, applicable to construction\ud practitioners towards enhancing societal resilience to disasters. In this context, the paper aims to\ud analyse the current and emerging knowledge gaps of construction practitioners as highlighted\ud by the national and local government stakeholders. Accordingly, the paper provides an\ud extensive analysis of knowledge gaps, which were captured via 20 semi-structured interviews\ud with national and local government stakeholders. Knowledge gaps were analysed in relation to\ud social, technological, environmental, economic and institutional factors and property life-cycle\ud stages. Some of the key knowledge gaps identified in the study are, business continuation\ud management; damage assessments and claims; financing, budgeting and estimating; building\ud codes, regulations and planning; resilient buildings and infrastructure; community\ud empowerment; stakeholder management; legal frameworks and compliance; disaster risk\ud assessment; environmental impact assessment and management; and knowledge management.

The current urban design process is top-down, i.e., generally the urban designers or planners design the urban environment and at a later stage the community may have some involvement. There are serious criticisms of this process as it may not touch the “ground” level community, and therefore, there is a serious risk these projects will fail to create sustainable environments. Accordingly, in order to overcome the drawbacks of the current top-down process, researches have discussed implementing a bottom-up process in order to deliver sustainable urban designs. In the meantime the current top-down urban design process may have features which may positively affect for the creation of sustainable urban designs. Accordingly, this research paper discusses the critical success factors of the current top down urban design process which supports for a creation of a new potential urban design process framework. The research methodology adopted for this research is case study re-search reinforced by grounded theory where the researcher has evaluated a live urban design project process in North-West England. The evaluation has resulted deriving seven critical success factors. The “leadership” of the process has been identified as one of the major critical success factors among the other critical success factors.

With the increase in occurrence of high impact disasters, the role of Higher Education Institutes\ud (HEIs) in enhancing the disaster related knowledge and skills of construction professionals is\ud highly recognised. HEIs are expected to contribute to both theory and practice in the development\ud of societal resilience to disasters through the development of curricular and modules to update the knowledge and skills that employees have obtained in the past. Doctoral education is identified as one of the methods in upgrading the knowledge of the construction professionals in this regard.\ud Due to the shortcomings of the traditional doctoral programmes in addressing the needs of the\ud industry and professionals, professional doctorates have become increasingly recognised. As such professional doctoral programmes have been considered as more appropriate in developing\ud knowledge and skills of the construction professionals. Accordingly, a EU funded project,\ud CADRE, aims to develop and test an innovative professional doctoral programme that integrates\ud professional and academic knowledge in the construction industry to develop societal resilience to disasters. As part of this project, the paper aims to analyse the applicability of professional doctorates to the construction industry in developing societal resilience. Based on an extensive review of literature, paper introduces the concept of professional doctoral programmes and its applicability to the construction industry in developing societal resilience.

Resettlement programmes have been implemented by many governments and organisations to relocate people from the hazard areas to other safe places where they are expected to have normal or better lives. However, often the resettled communities face numerous difficulties while going through the relocation process and beyond. It appears that many social and humanitarian problems exists in most of the resettlement programmes (Menoni and Pesaro, 2008). It has been often found that the social, economic and humanitarian problems faced by resettlement communities are linked with the spatial aspects of the resettlement area (Dikmen, 2002; Corsellis and Vitale, 2005; Muggah, 2008). In order to mitigate the severity of those issues in conducting a potential resettlement programme, the information of vulnerable hazard communities must be prepared for the resettlement plan. However, the limitation of the data, i.e. spatial and non-spatial data, of the vulnerable hazard\ud communities plays an important role to delay the post-disaster reduction tasks. An attempt to obtain and develop the dataset potential for post-disaster risk reduction proceed with the resettlement programme requires a comprehensive statement of situations during the disaster occurrence in the hazard community. Therefore, this paper presents a technique identifying the relationships between spatial and nonspatial\ud data essential to the post-disaster risk reduction at the local scale. The obtain information\ud derives from the deep insight interviews of affected people regarding issues associated with spatial aspects in a disaster event. The explored issues regarding the interrelationship between socioeconomic issues and spatial conditions were presented in cognitive maps showing the complexity of those issues in a resettlement programme. As the outcome of the paper, it presents the developed spatail database for resettlement programmes in local communities vulnerable to debris-flow disasters. The explored result of this paper is expected to apply with the resettlement programme in order to prevent the misleading resettlement programmes and also accelerate the post-disaster risk reduction for vulnerable hazard communities effectively.

Debris flow is a destructive disaster causing tragic loss and damages to vulnerable people and their\ud properties in many regions around the world. According an impact of this disaster, hazard areas are\ud submerged in mud and debris causing enormous difficulties to all relevant organisations and affected\ud people to access over the hazard community. Although an inaccessibility is one of the major problems\ud considered to be solved in an urgent stage, the lack of a comprehensive study in activities of involved\ud people through time line since the disaster occurrence causes a difficulty to plan the feasible solution to\ud overcome those problems effectively.\ud Therefore, this paper presents the existing knowledge in several activities related to accessibilities in\ud hazard areas. Additionally, the initial findings derived from interviews conducted as a part of a doctoral\ud research are determined showing real activities related to accessibilities in a study area of Thailand where\ud was attacked by a major debris-flow event in 2001. Regarding the explored acitivities, this study aims to\ud introduce a potential solution to overcome the inaccessibility problems in hazard areas by applying spatial\ud analysis techniques. This solution presents a new method of an optimum balance between the explored\ud problems from the interviews of affected people and the practices conducted by the local government to\ud solve the inaccessibility in the hazard area. Some suggestions are addressed at the end of the paper to\ud propose some additional practices with some considered factors for the spatial database design.

The 2010 CIB World Congress is focused on “Building a Better World”. The construction and built\ud environment sectors are already hugely important to achieving a world in which people are\ud properly housed, in which buildings and transport systems support the efficient operation of our\ud economies, and in which people are happy and healthy. But we can do better. Connecting and\ud channelling the full capacities of the construction and built environment industries to meet the\ud needs of the human race, head on, will transform the world, for us and for future generations.\ud The World Congress of the CIB is held every three years and is an opportunity for the whole CIB\ud community to gather and exchange views across the usual disciplinary boundaries. An\ud unprecedented majority of the CIB working commissions and task groups are represented at this\ud 2010 Congress and we have worked to facilitate interaction with a rich mix of: specialist streams,\ud opportunities for informal networking and a series of challenging keynotes and, in response, multidisciplinary\ud workshops.

The economic crisis of 2007 has limited financial resources of governments for public works and service. For this reason, asset managers of transport infrastructure need to make priorities on their investments. This requires the identification of clear trade-offs between financial and public interests. However, academics have argued that the safeguarding of public interests for infrastructure is in jeopardy, because of ambiguity in the identification of these trade-offs. This paper explores the relation between financial and public interests. Subsequently it develops a conceptual framework to better understand how these interests can be combined in terms of infrastructure investment decisions for asset managers.

Over the last decades interest in partnering arrangements has increased enormously. Recent critics have stated that prescriptive approaches dominate the discussion on partnering in construction. There is a lack of multiple perspectives on the partnering phenomenon including its economic, social, organisational and institutional context. Taking this criticism as a starting point, this paper investigates the partnering of a road maintenance contract from an activity-theoretical perspective. The results of the case study show that partnering can be described as a process of unlearning. That is, the implementation of a closer relationship between client and contractor contradicts and challenges the behaviour and working style that project team members had internalized and been used to. Team members are trapped by the beliefs and values they had cultivated throughout the years. Hence, establishing partnering is not only a matter of learning new knowledge and adjusting existing working processes. First of all, it requires discarding old routines and behaviour and overcoming vicious circles of reinforcing perceptions.

To align the majority of the stakeholders during urban planning activities, planning experts organize multi-stakeholder meetings. A main problem during these meetings is that participants do not always have the necessary knowledge to decide or evaluate planning alternatives. Visualization and Simulation (V&S) tools can help to generate this knowledge that is necessary to make informed decisions during meetings. Experts can communicate their knowledge to laypersons easily and, in this way, improve the stakeholder's knowledge. However, V&S tools only help stakeholders to evaluate several planning alternatives if the simulation and visualization outcomes are meaningful for stakeholders. Theory lacks a process that describes how V&S system designers can find indicators that developers of simulation programs can use to make the mathematical simulation results understandable for laypersons. This paper presents a process model that allows V&S system designers to identify stakeholder-relevant indicators for V&S tools to support urban construction projects. We validated the process model on a case study in which we developed a V&S tool to support traffic planning activities during the reconstruction of the city centre of Enschede. We used a V&S tool for indicators that we identified using the process model in two meetings where it helped to generate and streamline meaningful discussions among stakeholders. In particular, it enabled stakeholders to learn about relative differences of planning alternatives. This helped to generate and communicate new knowledge by supporting the evaluation of different planning alternatives.

In the nowadays economic downturn, construction industry has been severely hit. Where at the one hand only negative news is published regarding this, at the other hand there are also appearing new opportunities for this sector to recover. However, at least these developments can give a fertile soil for starting, introducing and implementing innovations. This paper focuses on the positive part of these developments, merely as a challenge, i.e.: How to ‘boost’ construction innovation, and especially how to make a positive use of the incluence of organization’s culture for such a ‘boost’? It describes and analyzes an actual case study, existing of an innovation project within a consortium of parties, originating from the healthcare industry and from the construction & real estate industry. The described project ‘Twentse Aanpak’ focuses on an innovative integrated approach for transition of the healthcare industry and its (housing) facilities, which is actually (i.e. December 2009) under roll-out with the start-up of (pilote)projects in The Netherlands. The results are be divided in project-aspects and consortium-aspects. Broadly, the results represent the fact that ‘innovation’ as a goal can only function if it is put seriously on the central management’s actual agendas. Parallel to that, it points out that there is a need for a hands-on approach and defining clear goals when starting (complicated) innovation projects; especially, because of the fact that decision-making about choosing solutions seems still to be very complex. Other results focus on the experiences that (during working with practitioners as well as experts) create a very challenging environment, often resulting into different viewpoints and input, but therefore also assuming different ways of communication-levels and -styles (i.e. different business-cultures). And because of the different branches working together within such an innovation-consortium, the general active business-cultural backgrounds of these branches (here: healthcare vs. construction-real estate) do also lead to differences in behaviour and understanding. A perfect match will be difficult, but being aware of these differences might lead to a better and more succesful (management of the) consortium and its innovative project-results.