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Weed management has been one of the major components of carrot production where the critical period of weed competition is longer as the development of a carrot canopy is very slow. Thus, hand weedings must be applied to control weeds. In this context, use of residual herbicides assumes greater significance in this important root vegetable. The field efficacy of fluorochloridone, a residual pre-emergence herbicide, was evaluated in carrot over two years at Ludhiana, India. Fluorochloridone at 625 and 750 g ha−1 provided >90% control of annual grasses [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], and broad leaf weeds [Digera arvensis Forssk., Chenopodium album (L.), and Amaranthus viridis (L.)] until 60 days after application. Fluorochloridone at 625 and 750 g ha−1 gave the highest carrot root yield (28.4–31.7 t ha−1) which was similar to the hand weeded check (29.5–32.6 t ha−1) and 25.4–26.3% higher than the weedy check (23.1–25.1 t ha−1) in both years. Findings imply that application of fluorochloridone at 625 g ha−1 could be a suitable option for pre-emergence residual control of annual grass and broadleaved weeds in carrot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term Impostor phenomenon coined by Clance and Imes is a psychological phenomenon where people experiencing impostor constantly doubt their own accomplishments, fail to internalize their success and achievements, and have a constant self-doubt and fear of being exposed as a fraud. Impostor can be defined as someone who feel they do not deserve the status or such high position as they are not much competent and live with the persistent fear of being found as fake. This concept is gaining much recognition and increasingly presented in literature and media. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between Impostor Phenomenon and personality traits and gender difference among undergraduate students. A sample of 40 students pursuing under graduation from Panjab University aged between 18 to 21 years were taken. Participants completed Clance IP scale developed by Dr. Pauline Clance (r = 0.92) which measures impostor phenomenon and Big Five Inventory developed by Goldberg that measures an individual on the Big Five Factors (dimensions) of personality. Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed to analyse the results with the help of IBM SPSS. From the result of the study, it was found that there was a positive significant relationship between Impostor Phenomenon and neuroticism (0.344). Other personality traits openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness (0.091, -0.092, -0.029 and 0.086 respectively) did not have a significant relationship with Impostor Phenomenon. The study also revealed that there was no gender difference found among undergraduate students. The result is discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weed management is a major obstacle in conversion from conventional to organic agriculture system, and objective of this study was to manage weeds in organically grown durum wheat. The treatment combinations of conventional tillage (CT) or deep tillage (DT) with 50% higher plant densities, zero tillage (ZT) with and without residues, straw mulching 6 t ha−1 and bed planting plus 25% higher plant density followed by hand pulling were evaluated for weed control in durum wheat in a two-year study. Tillage has differential effect on weed seed distribution and more than 60% of weed seeds were concentrated in 0–7.5 cm soil layer in CT and ZT, whereas 50.9% of weed seeds were displaced to 15–30 cm soil layer in DT. Bed planting plus 25% higher plant density followed by hand pulling resulted in lowering of weed density and biomass by 61.2% and 58.9%, respectively, at harvest. The maximum growth parameters, yield attributes and wheat grain yield, were obtained under bed planting with 25% higher plant density and one hand pulling. Sowing of durum wheat on raised beds or ZT with residue retention may be used as an effective and economical weed management tool under organic agriculture systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]