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The work analyzes participation of the serotoninergic system in correction of adverse effects of benthic deposits contaminated with industrial wastes on the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the fry of the sturgeon Acipenser güldenstädti persicus. In the first series of the study, two intramuscular injections to the fry of the sturgeon of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) that is in the direct correlation with the serotonin level led to pronounced normalization in the animal tissues of the LPO level whose increase was due to keeping the sturgeons in the fresh water contaminated with benthic deposits. In the second series of the study, administration to the animals of polyclonal anti-SMAP antibodies led to a significant increase of the LPO level in the tissues, similar to effects of the benthic deposits. It is concluded that adverse factors can produce their negative prooxidative effects on the organism tissues through a decrease of activity of the serotoninergic system, whereas an artificial increase of the serotoninergic system activity promotes correction of the oxidative stress.

The work present data on studies of a decreased activity of serotoninergic system on the level of mutagenic changes (the micronuclear test) in the goby Neogobius fluviatilis and the fry if sturgeon Acipenser güldenstädti persicus. It has been shown that the long exposure of the animals to conditions of industrial and oil pollution leads to a significant decrease in their liver of the level of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) correlating directly with the serotonin level as well as to sharp increase of the level of micronuclei in erythrocytes. The intramuscular administration of anti-SMAP polyclonal antibodies to the fry of the sturgeon produces a significant increase of the amount of micronuclei as compared with that in the animals injected with non-immune gamma-globulin. The obtained results allow concluding that the decrease of activity of the serotoninergic system is the mechanism that is triggered with adverse environmental factors and realizes mutagenic damages in the modified genetic apparatus.

Cytoarchitectonics of outer nuclei of the pretectal area was studied in four species of the sturgeons: the great sturgeon Huso huso, L., the Russian sturgeon Acipenser güldenstädti persicus n. kurensis, Belyaeff, the starred sturgeon Ac. stellatus, Pall., and the barbel sturgeon Ac. nudiventris, Lov. Morphological organization of these structures was studied by methods of Nissl and Bielshowskii modified by Viktorov. In this part of the pretectal area, five nuclear structures were described: parvicellular and magnocellular outer pretectal nuclei, lamellar pretectal nucleus, and dorsal pretectal nucleus, as well as accessory optic nucleus. Comparison of the obtained results with literature data has revealed a sufficiently high level of differentiation of this pretectum part of the sturgeons. Besides, a general conclusion is presented on organization of their entire pretectal area.