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Nanoparticles are widely used in different technological fields, one of which is in medicine because of their antibacterial properties. Copper nanoparicles (CuNPs) are used in several types of wound dressing for the treatment of wounds. Mafenide acetate (MFA) is an antibiotic that is also widely used for treatment of wounds. In this research work, we have studied the antibacterial activity of MFA loaded in Copper (Cu) nanocomposite for enhanced antibacterial activity through the development of dosage form cream. Antibacterial effect of MFA loaded CuNPs against microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed. Minimum inhibitory concentration for MFA-CuNPs was achieved in the concentration of 12.25 µg/ml but for MFA without CuNPs, the MIC was 50 µg/ml. Among the Cu nanocomposite dosage forms, cream CF2 has the maximum zone of inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Combined plant extracts of Phyllanthus niruri, Croton tiglium, and Zingiber officinale are reported to have potential pharmacological applications. Ethosomes have a unique ability of encapsulating drugs or plant extracts with varying hydrophobicities in the phospholipid bilayer. Aim: To explore cytotoxicity of the combined plant extracts and ethosome loaded combined plant extracts for topical delivery. To study effect of ethosomes loaded combined plant extracts using HaCaT cells model treated with testosterone. Methods: Dried powder of plant was extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet and cold macerations. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined using established methods. The combined extract loaded ethosome formulation was prepared by solvent dispersion method. Results: The plant extracts loaded ethosomes formulation with a vesicle size range 1524.6‐167.7 nm was prepared. HaCaT cells treated with testosterone negative control showed an IC50 value of 27 ± 1.0. Thw standard marketed topical minoxidil (1% solution) treated cells with testosterone showed an IC50 value 33 ± 1.0 and the combined plant extracts loaded ethosomes with testosterone showed an IC50 value 30 ± 1.0. Morphological alterations of rat skin exposed to the combined plant extract loaded ethosomes solution were assessed and compared with untreated skin and negative control. Conclusion: The preclinical safety was investigated employing an in vitro cytotoxicity and histopathological study. The cell line study results confirmed that the combined plant extracts loaded ethosomes inhibits testosterone and increase cell viability closer to that of standard drug minoxidil. According to our histopathological study, the combined plant extract loaded ethosomal formulations did not cause any damage to the rat skin layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]