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Copyright of Military Technical Courier / Vojnotehnicki Glasnik is the property of Military Technical Courier / Vojnotehnicki Glasnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esters of organophosphorus acids (OPs) are widely used nowadays. They have an application as pesticides, drugs or chemical warfare agents. Their acute toxicity is ascribed to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a key enzyme in the transmission of nerve impulses in mammals. Their toxic effects are manifested by the accumulation of acetylcholine and can lead to the paralysis or death. OPs poisoning therapy is based on the application of specific antidotes as well as non-specific and symptomatic procedures. In this contribution, recent achievements concerning the protection from OPs activity and an overview of the methods for their removal from the environment and decontamination of contaminated persons were presented.

Technical contradiction occurs when the system improves one parameter, which automatically causes the deterioration of some of its other parameters. In such a situation, instead of usual acceptance of the optimization of the solution to the problem, in inventology - the process of idealization is carried out for finding the ideal final solution for the given problem. It is achieved if the physical contradictions that exist within the technical contradiction are solved. The paper deals with the procedure of mathematical modeling in determining the level of ideality as a criterion for the effectiveness of the Serbian military protective masks model M3 (mark ZM M3) in relation to the Serbian protective mask of the previous generation of the M2FV label (phonic with the drinking water subsystem). The presented mathematical model for the protective mask can be used as a standard for determining the idealness of any engineering system.

An organic Phase Change Material (PCM) possesses the ability to absorb and release large quantity of latent heat during a phase change process over a certain temperature range. This paper presents results related to thermo-physiological efficiency of special underwear with organic PCM integrated in textile through microencapsulation process. The efficiency of PCM underwear was tested through physiological examinations in simulated high-temperature conditions, where test-subjects were voluntarily exposed to heat stress tests wearing NBC protective suit with PCM underwear (option "THERM") and without it (option "NoTHERM"). It can be concluded that wearing a PCM textile clothes under NBC protective suit, during physical activity in high-tempearture conditions, reduces sweating and alleviates heat stress manifested by increased core and skin temperature and heart rate values. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR34034]

The present study was conducted in order to evaluate efficiency of a personal body cooling system based on passive evaporative technologies and its effects on test subjects psycho-physiological suitability during exertional heat stress in hot environment. Performed results are based on conducted tests in climatic chamber in the Military Medical Academy Institute of Hygiene in Belgrade. Ten male test subjects were subjected to exertional heat stress test consisted of walking on motorized treadmill at a speed of 5 km/h in hot environment. Tests were performed with and without cooling system. As a physiological strain indicator the following parameters have been determined: mean skin temperature, tympanic temperature, heart rate and sweat rate. Results confirmed that cooling vest worn over the clothes was able to attenuate the physiological strain levels during exercise, when compared to identical exposure without the cooling system.

The results of comparative experimental testing of different filtrating type masks are presented in this study. Some of the most important functional properties have been tested on available models of Italian, French, British, Canadian, Swiss, American, and three models of Serbian military protective masks (M3 of the latest generation, as well as M2, and M2FV models of the previous generation). Using of the standardized testing methods, mask models have been tested on protection factor, dynamic resistance of the exhaust valve and its static permeability, the overall inhalation resistance of protective masks, field of view and optical properties. Based on experimental results obtained, it can be concluded that the Serbian mask M3 is on approximately same quality level as tested foreign masks, and above Serbian protective masks of the previous generation marked M2F and M2FV. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR34034]

Fires are an accompanying manifestation in modern weaponry use and in case of different accidents in peacetime. The standard military uniform is a primary barrier in protection of a soldier’s body from all external influences, including the thermal ones which can cause burns. The minimum thermal resistance to the effect of burning napalm mixture (BNM) in individual uniform garment materials has been determined, and is higher at simultaneous use of more materials one over another (the so-called sandwich materials), where the best thermal protection give sandwich materials with an air interspace. The requirement for the thermal resistance of the material of the filtrating protective suit (FPS) to the effect of BNM (≥ 15 s) has been fully met. The highest thermal resistance has been demonstrated by the FPS whose inner layer is made of polyurethane foam with active carbon. A proportional dependence between the thermal resistance of FPS to the effect of BNM and water vapor permeability through this garment mean has been determined, and reversed in respect to air permeability. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR34034]

This paper presents the characteristics of the materials used in footwear industry, with a particular emphasis on polyurethane materials for making soles. The role, purpose and design of soles are also discussed, as well as the requirements this part of the shoe should satisfy. The manufacturing of polyurethane soles by liquid injection molding technology (LIM technology) is described, namely its two procedures. In the first one, the sole is obtained by pouring polyurethane into an open tool, and the second one is direct injection of polyurethane on the shoe upper in a closed tool, thus completing the production of finished footwear. The results of testing the specimens cut out from three sole samples show that almost all quality requirements under technical specifications for this part of the shoe are met. The tested sole samples do not meet the formal requirements for tensile strength, although the values of this characteristic in a sample made of a polyurethane-rubber combination and a sample made of elastomeric material are very close to the set quality requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-destructive thermal examination can uncover the presence of defects via temperature distribution profile anomalies that are created on the surface as a result of a defect. There are many factors that affect the temperature distribution map of the surface being tested by infrared thermography. Internal defect properties such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and defect depth play an important role in the temperature behavior of the pixels or regions being analyzed. Also, it is well known that other external factors such as the convection heat transfer, variations on the surface emissivity, and ambient radiation reflectivity can affect the thermographic signal received by the infrared camera. In this paper, we considered a simple structure in the form of flat plate covered with several defects, whose surface we heated with a uniform heat flux impulse. We conducted a theoretical analysis and experimental test of the method for case of defects on an aluminum surface. First, experiments were conducted on surfaces with intentionally created defects in order to determine conditions and boundaries for application of the method. Experimental testing of the pulsed flash thermography method was performed on simulated defects on an aluminum test plate filled with air and organic compound n-hexadecane, hydrocarbon that belongs to the phase change materials. Study results indicate that it is possible, using the pulsed flash thermography method, to detect the type of material inside defect holes, whose presence disturbs the homogeneous structure of aluminum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemical Industry / Hemijska Industrija is the property of Association of Chemical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of personal body microclimate cooling systems based on a phase change materials and its effects on physiological strain in soldiers during exertional heat stress in hot environment. The results are obtained in the experiment conducted in the climatic chamber in the Institute of Hygiene, Military Medical Academy in Belgrade. Ten male soldiers were voluntarily subjected to exertional heat stress tests consisted of walking on treadmill (5.5 km/h) in hot conditions (40 °C) in climatic chamber. The subjects performed first test while wearing a field camouflage uniform without any cooling system (CONTROL group) and in second test they used additional microclimate cooling system with paraffin wax consist of n-hexadecane (C16H34), in a form of cooling packs (COOL group). As indicators of thermal strain, mean skin (Tsk) and tympanic (Tty) temperature were determined. Simultaneously, thermal effects of phase change materials were measured by thermal imaging camera. The exercise in hot conditions induced a physiological response to heat stress, manifested through increased body core and skin temperatures. The results confirmed that the cooling vest worn over the field uniform was able to attenuate the physiological strain during exercise, compared to the identical exposure in the "control" group. The results of thermal imaging also indicate that heat generated inside the body is the main factor that will affect the phase change material melting time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]