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Due to the short harvest season and their sensitivity to storage, the preservation of fresh mulberry fruits is a very important process. Drying is a method used to preserve mulberry fruits in the long term. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the optimization of hybrid drying conditions of two different sour black mulberries. The linear and interaction effects of independent parameters such as temperature (50, 60 and 70°C) and microwave power (100, 200 and 300 W) variables were determined on mulberries. Bioactive properties and energy aspects were monitored as influenced by drying conditions. According to the results increase in microwave power provided a significant decrement in the specific energy consumption (SEC) and the total anthocyanin content (TAC), while increase in the energy efficiency (ηen) and total phenolic content (TPC) for both genotypes. In all cases, statistical values showed that all drying curves of black mulberry were best described by the Logistic model. Multiple response optimization was carried out for studied parameters and it was concluded that maximum antiradical activity (ARA), TPC, TAC, ηen and minimum drying time (DT) and SEC values would be at 300 W-50 ºC (desirability=0.842) and 300 W-66.5 ºC (desirability=0.744), for Morus nigra 1 (MN1) and Morus nigra 2 (MN2), respectively. According to the finding, the greatest TPC, ARA, TAC, DT, SEC and ηen were determined as 20.10 mg GAE/g, 86.00%, 456 mg/kg, 330 min, 18.59 kWh/kg and 9.04% for MN1, and 18.08 mg GAE/g, 83.92%, 835.81 mg/kg, 330 min, 16.16 kWh/kg and 10.40 % for MN2, respectively.

Türkiye has ranked second in world leek production for many years. Moreover, according to many literatures, it is located within the boundaries of the gene center. This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of local leek genotypes in Türkiye in terms of biochemical characteristics. Fifty local leek genotypes from different regions of Türkiye, two open pollinated commercial cultivars and a hybrid commercial cultivar were used for the study. A total of twenty biochemical analyzes were performed. Analysis of variance of the results showed that the differences between genotypes were significant for all characteristics (p

© 2022. All Rights Reserved.In this study, aerial parts of dandelion were exposed to extraction by different solvents such as water, ethanol, methanol and glycerol and also their aqueous mixtures to compare the effect of extraction solvents on bioactive performance of the dandelion and also to show the effectiveness of hydroglycerolic extraction which is a green extraction process. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were determined and also antiradical scavenging activities and antioxidant capacities of the samples were also evaluated. TPC and TFC of the samples ranged between 4.63-21.28 mg GAE/g and 1.16-14.38 mg CE/g, respectively. The highest TPC and TFC values were determined in aqueous extract of glycerol (75% w/w) compared to other solvents. Additionally, ABTS.+ and DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing capacity and antioxidant capacity values were determined for the extracts and the best solvent was also aqueous glycerol (75% w/w).

Carvacrol is the most studied phenolic substance, one of the essential components of thyme. The encapsulation technique can be used to make more stable carvacrol, which has decreased stability due to environmental factors. In this study, it was aimed to encapsulate and characterize carvacrol, which is used in the food, agriculture and pharmaceutical industry, with yeast cells. Yeast cells were pretreated with plasmolysis and carvacrol was encapsulated with both plasmolysed and non-plasmolysed cells. Carvacrol retained was 80.79% in the plasmolysed yeast cells and it was 90.43% in the non-plasmolysed yeast cell. The total amount of phenolic substances in the capsules was determined as to be 138.1 and 146.8 mg GAE/g for plasmolysed and non-plasmolysed yeast cells capsules respectively and the non-plasmolysed yeast capsules exhibited higher antiradical activity compared to the plasmolysed encapsules (PE). In addition, the encapsulation of carvacrol by yeast cells was proved by FTIR technique and structural properties were determined by scanning electron microscope., Karvakrol, kekik bitkisinin uçucu bileşenlerinden en çok çalışılan fenolik yapılı bir maddedir. Çevresel faktörlere bağlı olarak stabilitesi azalan karvakrolü daha stabil bir ürün haline dönüştürmek için enkapsülasyon tekniğinden faydalanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada gıda, ziraat ve ilaç endüstrisinde kullanımı olan karvakrolün maya hücreleri ile biyo-enkapsüle edilmesi ve karakterizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Maya hücrelerine ön işlem olarak plazmoliz işlemi uygulanmış ve hem plazmoliz olmuş hem de olmamış hücreler ile karvakrol enkapsüle edilmiştir. Plazmolize olmuş ve olmamış maya hücrelerinde tutulan karvakrol oranları plazmolize olmuş maya hücresinde %80.79, plazmolize olmamış maya hücresinde ise %90.43 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Enkapsüllerin toplam fenolik madde miktarları plazmolize olmuş ve olmamış hücre enkapsülleri için sırasıyla 138.1 ve 146.8 mg GAE/g olarak belirlenmiş ve maya enkapsülleri içerisinde plazmoliz olmamış enkapsül (POE), plazmolize enkapsüle (PE) kıyasla daha yüksek antiradikal aktivite sergilemiştir. Ayrıca gerçekleştirilen FTIR tekniği ile karvakrolün maya hücreleri tarafından enkapsülasyonu doğrulanmış ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile yapısal özellikleri belirlenmiştir.