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This research aimed to present how using the drama method in high school history courses affected student achievement. The descriptive study utilized data collected with quasi-experimental design in quantitative method and made use of data based on content analysis in qualitative method. The study group of the research consisted of 59 students in 9/K (experimental) and 9/G (control) classes, selected through simple non-random sampling method from a state high school in Çankaya District of Ankara Province in the 2017-2018 academic year. The research was limited to the unit of "Eurasia in the First and Middle Ages" in the 9th grade History Course. The data obtained at the end of the eight-week implementation process were collected with pre and post academic achievement tests, focus group interviews and researcher observations. Quantitative data on academic achievement were analyzed with the SPSS 15.00 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Package Program, focus group interview data were analyzed with content analysis and researcher observations were analyzed with descriptive analysis. The study concluded that history lessons taught with the drama method were more effective and efficient compared to history lessons taught with direct instruction method and that there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group students in regards to academic achievement. The findings of focus group interviews and researcher observations demonstrated that use of drama in education was effective on student learning, it developed positive affect and it informed students about drama.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of history teaching supported by dramatization technique on students' success and permanence in history education in comparison with the traditional teaching. In this research, the semi experimental method which was practiced by pretest, post-test and permanence test were used and it was studied on two different student groups. One of them is control group tested with lecture method and the other one is experimental group tested by dramatization technique. Tested group consists of 63 students who studying in classes 10-A and 10-B of a vocational high school of Kirikkale. This study is limited with units of "From Principality to State" in 10th grade students. During this experiment containing retention test were applied to experimental and control groups and the results were analyzed by the program SPSS 16.0. According to the findings obtained, in history lesson: there is a significant difference between the points of success and permanence of the group which is tested by dramatization technique and the group which is tested by teacher centered teaching. In other words, the dramatization technique, which actively involved students in the learning environment, was found to be more effective in the educational success of students and permanence of the information they learned compared to the teacher centered approach on the transfer of historical information to the students.

In this paper, it is aimed to analyze the acquirements and topics in Turkish secondary school history textbooks that are published by the Ministry of National Education (MEB) and by the private sector to determine to what extend the place given to history of science and history of medicine. In the study, the document and content analysis techniques are used. The documents in this study are Turkish secondary school history textbooks to be taught across the country currently. Elaborates on the history of science and history of medicine acquirements in the textbooks, it can be said that Turkish secondary history textbooks' quantitative coverage of the HOS and HOM topics is 9.7 percent on average. Among the seven secondary school history textbooks, the 10th grade textbook is given the largest space (8.6 percent of the textbook) and again the 11th grade the revolution history of Turkish republic and the principles of Ataturk curriculum is given the smallest space (0.8 percent of the textbook).

In this article, a teaching strategy which not only blends yesterday and today in a meaningful way but also powerfully integrates literacy and history will be examined. Firstly Readers' Theatre as a technique will be introduced. Secondly, the usage guidelines of Readers' Theatre will be presented. Finally the opinions of secondary school students about Readers' Theatre as an instructional component in history teaching will be discussed. The research was conducted on 72 11th grade students from Deneme Secondary School in Çankaya district in Ankara in the spring term of 2013-2014 school years. For the purpose of the study, students were taught by using Readers' Theatre technique in history lessons for four weeks and at the end of this implementation, the semi- structured interviews were held to determine the opinions of students about Readers' Theatre technique. The themes were formed by making content analyze to the collected data. It is concluded that the students mainly have described Readers' Theatre as "theatre". They have found Readers' Theatre useful in many respects as they outline the positive effect of the technique on their reading and obtaining historical information. They like most the cooperation with their peers and acting. The vast majority of students have not mentioned any dislikes and a few of them have difficulties to follow the script. Finally, the answers of the majority of the students on the implementation of Readers' Theatre again are "positive" and their suggestions for better implementation are "on stage", "the same way" and "using visuals".

OBJECTIVE: Testicular torsion is a condition that manifests with acute pain and can lead to infertility despite urgent surgical intervention. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective and preventive effects of etomidate, an imidazole derivative, a non-barbiturate general anesthetic agent, without analgesic effect, on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used in the study. Torsion was created in all rats by rotating left testes 720° clockwise on the day of the experiment. 30 minutes before detorsion, 4 mg/kg etomidate and 10 mg/kg propofol were administered intraperitoneally to the etomidate and propofol groups, respectively. After an hour of ischemia, the left testis was reinstated, and the tissues were repaired according to their physiology. Following 24 hours of reperfusion, the animals were euthanized after ipsilateral and contralateral testes were removed. RESULTS: Etomidate applied before testicular detorsion significantly suppressed germ cell damage and Leydig cell loss in ipsilateral tissue. It did not cause any significant changes in the percentage of necrosis, histological score, and tubule rupture in ipsilateral tissue. Propofol administered before testicular detorsion significantly suppressed the percentage of necrosis only in the ipsilateral tissue. In addition, no signs of damage were observed in the contralateral testis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that etomidate administered before detortion creates a protective effect by preventing testicular ischemia- reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study aimed to examine the histopathological and biomechanical effects of papaverine administered intraperitoneally and locally on Achilles tendon healing in a rat model., Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (range, 300 to 400 g) were used in this study conducted between October and November 2022. The rats were divided into three groups, with each group further subdivided into two for sacrifice on either the 15 th (early period) or 30 th (late period) day after surgery. The first (control) group received no treatment following Achilles tendon repair, while papaverine was intraperitoneally administered every other day for 10 days in the second group and locally in the third group after surgery. On the 15 th and 30 th days, the rats were sacrificed, and their Achilles tendons were subjected to biomechanical testing and histopathological evaluation., Results: Histopathologically, there were no significant differences among the groups on the 15 th day. However, on the 30 th day, the locally applied papaverine group exhibited superior histopathological outcomes compared to the control group (p<0.05). Concerning the highest tensile strength values before rupture, the biomechanical assessment showed that the group receiving local papaverine treatment in the early period and both the group with systemic papaverine treatment and the one with local papaverine treatment in the late period displayed a statistically significant advantage compared to the control group (p<0.05)., Conclusion: Locally administered papaverine has positive biomechanical effects in the early period and exhibits a positive correlation both histopathologically and biomechanically in the late period. Novel therapeutic options may be provided for patients through these findings.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of irrigation fluids containing povidone-iodine (PVP-I), rifampicin (RF), and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) used during surgery on healing on a rat Achilles tendon model., Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (range, 300 to 400 g) were used in the experiment carried out between November 2022 and December 2022. The rats were divided into PVP-I, RF, CHG, and control groups, with seven rats in each group. Following the tenotomy and repair of the right Achilles tendon, the surgical site was irrigated using PVP-I, RF, CHG, or normal saline (the control group) for 2 min. All rats were sacrificed on the 21 st postoperative day. The samples were evaluated histomorphometrically using the scoring system modified by Svensson, Soslowsky, and Cook and histopathologically using the Bonar and Movin classifications., Results: The RF group gave better results in all three scoring systems compared to the control, PVP-I, and CHG groups (p=0.008, p=0.002, and p=0.006, respectively). Cellularity, rounding, and tenocyte morphology showed a significant difference in favor of the RF group (p=0.004). While the distribution of ground substance glycosaminoglycans showed a significant difference in favor of the RF group, there was no significant difference among the other groups (p=0.22)., Conclusion: Irrigation solutions containing PVP-I, RF, or CHG show no negative effect on Achilles tendon healing. Moreover, the findings suggest that RF irrigation can accelerate the healing process.

We report a rare case of histiocytic sarcoma in association with invasive urothelial carcinoma involving the urinary bladder. A 67-year male patient, who presented with a complaint of macroscopic hematuria, was found to have a mass on urinary system ultrasonography. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate the mass, which showed a 52×24 mm mass on the posterior wall of the bladder. The cystoscopic examination revealed two suspicious areas in close proximity to one another with solid-papillary character. The tissue samples were collected by means of transurethral resection. The evaluation of these samples revealed two distinct neoplastic patterns. The areas of invasive urothelial carcinoma infiltrating lamina propria were noted on the surface in addition to diffuse sheets of large cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and ample clear cytoplasm, with a patternless pattern among small lymphocytes in myxoid background in the lamina propria. The positive reactions were observed in these areas with CD45, fascin, and CD68, a histiocytic marker. The histopathological diagnosis was histiocytic sarcoma in combination with invasive urothelial carcinoma. Histiocytic sarcoma may mimic several other malignant lesions, and only immunohistochemistry can identify this tumour to allow correct treatment. We present this rare case to emphasise that this phenomenon should be considered in unusual tumors and sites. Key Words: Urinary bladder, Histiocytic sarcoma, Invasive urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: Testicular torsion is a condition that manifests with acute pain and can lead to infertility despite urgent surgical intervention. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective and preventive effects of etomidate, an imidazole derivative, a non-barbiturate general anesthetic agent, without analgesic effect, on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury., Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used in the study. Torsion was created in all rats by rotating left testes 720° clockwise on the day of the experiment. 30 minutes before detorsion, 4 mg/kg etomidate and 10 mg/kg propofol were administered intraperitoneally to the etomidate and propofol groups, respectively. After an hour of ischemia, the left testis was reinstated, and the tissues were repaired according to their physiology. Following 24 hours of reperfusion, the animals were euthanized after ipsilateral and contralateral testes were removed., Results: Etomidate applied before testicular detorsion significantly suppressed germ cell damage and Leydig cell loss in ipsilateral tissue. It did not cause any significant changes in the percentage of necrosis, histological score, and tubule rupture in ipsilateral tissue. Propofol administered before testicular detorsion significantly suppressed the percentage of necrosis only in the ipsilateral tissue. In addition, no signs of damage were observed in the contralateral testis., Conclusions: These findings show that etomidate administered before detortion creates a protective effect by preventing testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective: Testicular torsion is a condition that often occurs as a result of the rotation of the spermatic cord in childhood and adolescence in men, manifests with acute pain and causes infertility in the future even if emergency intervention is performed. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective and preventive effects of fentanyl, a potent analgesic agent frequently used in anaesthesia practice, on testicular ischemia reperfusion injury, which manifests through acute pain., Methods: A total of 16 adult male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g, were used in this study. They were divided into two groups, consisting of eight animals in each group. Torsion was created in all rats by rotating left testicles 720 clockwise on the day of the experiment. 3 mM of fentanyl was applied intraperitoneally 30 minutes before detorsion to the fentanyl group. Following an hour of ischemia, the left testicle was reinstated, and tissues were repaired according to their physiology. Following 24 hours of reperfusion, the animals were euthanised after taking left testes and blood samples., Results: Fentanyl, administered prior to testicular detorsion, significantly suppressed germ cell damage in torsioned tissue, catalase activity and malondialdehyde levels in blood samples taken from the heart. No significant differences were observed in plasma total thiol concentration, histological score, Leydig cell counts, percentage of necrosis and tubule rupture., Conclusion: These findings show that fentanyl administered before detortion creates a protective effect by preventing testicular ischemia reperfusion injury leading to infertility in the future.

Purpose: To evaluate the bone regeneration capacity of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in vertical guided augmentation of bone tissue., Material and Methods: The calvaria of 20 rabbits were vertically augmented with autogenous bone graft (ABG); collagen/beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) linked scaffold transplanted with 15 × 10 BMSCs; or scaffold alone (control). The augmentation materials were covered with stainless steel domes. BMSCs were isolated with Ficoll-Paque technique and applied directly without in vitro expansion. The newly formed bone was evaluated using radiodensitometric, histomorphometric, histological, and micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analyses after a 12-week healing period. The data excluding micro-CT assessments were compared statistically., Results: Radiodensitometric and bone volume parameters demonstrated increased bone formation in both BMSC group and ABG group compared with control group (P < 0.01), but difference between the BMSC and ABG groups was not significant (P > 0.05). The mean histological scores for the BMSC, ABG, and control groups were 7.44 ± 1.03, 8.44 ± 0.81, and 6.00 ± 1.10, respectively, indicating significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: BMSCs delivered with a collagen/β-TCP linked scaffold can provide improved new bone formation that is comparable with autogenous bone block graft through vertical guided bone regeneration technique.

Veterinarians and veterinary technicians are at risk for occupational brucellosis. We described the risk factors of occupational brucellosis among veterinary personnel in Turkey. A multicenter retrospective survey was performed among veterinary personnel who were actively working in the field. Of 712 veterinary personnel, 84 (11.8%) had occupational brucellosis. The median number of years since graduation was 7 (interquartile ranges [IQR], 4-11) years in the occupational brucellosis group, whereas this number was 9 (IQR, 4-16) years in the non-brucellosis group (p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, working in the private sector (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.55-5.28, p=0.001), being male (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.05-18.84, p=0.041), number of performed deliveries (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.002-1.02, p=0.014), and injury during Brucella vaccine administration (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 3.16-9.3, p<0.001) were found to be risk factors for occupational brucellosis. We suggest that all veterinary personnel should be trained on brucellosis and the importance of using personal protective equipment in order to avoid this infection., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)