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This investigation aimed to assess the dose-dependent impact of the pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and the effect of combining the best dose with the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a cost-effective substitute for FSH and LH hormones. The study was planned as two experiments that included 1134 oocytes to study the impact of varying concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 IU/mL) of PMSG addition (1st experiment) as well as the influence of hCG, PMSG, or their combination (2nd experiment) on the ovine's oocyte in vitro. The experimental groups of the 2nd experiment were control (G1), 20 IU/mL hCG (G2), 20 IU/mL PMSG (G3), and 20 IU/mL PMSG plus 20 IU/mL hCG (G4). The first experiment demonstrated that the polar body (PB) rate was increased (P < 0.01) by all treated groups, being 13.33, 17.76, and 15.70 in G2, G3, and G4 versus 9.87% in G1, respectively. The mitochondrial fluorescent intensity recorded 7.61, 11.92, 12.43, and 12.35, while the lipid fluorescent intensity was 9.88, 29.98, 40.05, and 25.66 for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively, being higher (P < 0.05) in treatment groups than in the control one. The results of the 2nd experiment showed that the PB extrusion was higher (P < 0.01) in G2, G3, and G4 than in G1 (12.60, 14.91, and 14.75 vs. 6.92%, respectively). The mitochondrial fluorescent intensity recorded 8.82, 12.30, 17.58, and 13.36 for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The lipid fluorescent intensity was 10.16, 6.98, 13.83, and 49.68 for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of PMSG and hCG to sheep oocyte maturation media improved the oocyte maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this study, 25 rams were randomly divided into five groups to investigate the effects of different photoperiods on the ram sperm. The control group was exposed to 12 h of light, while the experimental groups were exposed to 14, 16, 18, and 20 h of light. The results showed that compared to the control group, the group exposed to 16 h of light had significantly improved sperm motilities, sperm concentrations, ejaculate volumes, total sperm counts, sperm abnormalities, acrosome integrities, and membrane integrities (p < 0.05). Additionally, we identified 345 different metabolites between the control and 16 h light group, with 273 upregulated and 72 downregulated. The amino acid content of the seminal plasma was significantly higher in the 16 h light group compared to the control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to the control group, the 16 h light group exhibited significantly higher levels of seminal plasma testosterone, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) (p < 0.05). In terms of the sperm antioxidant capacity, the catalase (CAT) activity was the highest in the 16 h light group. Additionally, prolonged light exposure between 14 and 18 h increased the glutathione (GSH) levels (p < 0.05), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels reached their lowest point at 16 h of light exposure (p < 0.05) but increased again with 20 h of light. Overall, the artificial extension of the photoperiod to 16 h had a positive effect on the ram sperm quality. This investigation aimed to study the effects of varying light exposure durations on ram sperm. A total of 25 rams were randomly divided into five groups. The control group was exposed to light durations of 12 h, while the experimental groups were exposed to light durations of 14, 16, 18, and 20 h. After three months of rearing, semen was collected from each ram four times using the artificial vagina method. The sperm motility parameters, sperm abnormality, sperm concentration, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, semen volume, and total sperm number were measured. Thereafter, the metabolome, amino acid level, testosterone content, plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and sperm antioxidant capacity were measured. The results showed that the sperm motility, sperm concentration, ejaculation volume, total sperm number, acrosome integrity, and membrane integrity in the 16 h light group were significantly improved compared to the control (p < 0.05), meanwhile the sperm abnormality was decreased. Moreover, we found 345 different metabolites between the control and 16 h light group. Among these, 273 were upregulated and 72 were downregulated. Furthermore, the amino acid content of the seminal plasma in the 16 h light group was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Interestingly, the seminal plasma testosterone content and the levels of FSH and LH in the serum in the 16 h light group were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control. In terms of the sperm antioxidant capacity, it was observed that the CAT activity was the highest in the group exposed to 16 h of light and decreased at 18 h of light exposure when compared to the control group; however, the CAT activity at 20 h was not different from the control. Additionally, within the 14 to 18 h light exposure range, prolonged light exposure increased the GSH content (p < 0.05), whereas 20 h of light exposure reduced the GSH content. The MDA levels decreased with prolonged light exposure, reaching the lowest point at 16 h (p < 0.05), but increased again at 20 h of light exposure. KEGG analysis indicated that the differential metabolites were mainly involved in metabolic and synthetic activities. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that the artificial extension of the light duration for 16 h has a positive effect on ram sperm quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present systematic review with meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the global association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and periodontitis, considering significant effect size variation based on the income levels of countries. Methods: We searched seven databases to identify studies that assessed the prevalence of periodontitis in adult SLT users compared to non‐users. The quality of studies was evaluated using the 10‐item risk‐of‐bias tool, and publication bias was addressed through the trim‐and‐fill method. Sensitivity analysis utilized the leave‐one‐out approach. Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression, stratified by country income, SLT type, and smoking status, employed robust variance estimation. Results: From an initial pool of 484 studies, 29 studies met the selection criteria and were subjected to qualitative synthesis. Subsequently, data from 19 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. SLT users exhibited a nearly threefold greater likelihood of periodontitis compared to non‐users (OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 2.10, 4.27; p <.01). The pooled estimate did not vary significantly based on the type of SLT used or concurrent smoking. However, the odds of periodontitis varied according to the economic level of the country; the pooled estimate was higher in high‐income countries (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.37; p <.01) and even higher in lower‐middle‐income and lower‐income countries (OR = 3.91; 95% CI: 2.66, 5.77; p <.01). Conclusions: Smokeless tobacco users have a higher likelihood of developing periodontitis. This study underscores global disparities in the SLT–periodontitis relationship, highlighting the need for targeted interventions, particularly in economically challenged areas where SLT use is largely unregulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NCCN Guidelines for Colon Cancer provide recommendations regarding diagnosis, pathologic staging, surgical management, perioperative treatment, surveillance, management of recurrent and metastatic disease, and survivorship. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the NCCN Colon Cancer Panel discussions for the 2018 update of the guidelines regarding risk stratification and adjuvant treatment for patients with stage III colon cancer, and treatment of BRAF V600E mutation-positive metastatic colorectal cancer with regimens containing vemurafenib.

There have been numerous studies for more than a century to study the unsafe areas that appeared in the Egyptian city. Some of these areas appeared on the outskirts of cities or within their neighborhoods or in extreme places for some important places, including what appeared in tourist or archaeological areas, which encourages disrespect for the good residential environment suitable for housing and attention The life and requirements of the population, so the unsafe areas which sprawled in the cities and its perimeters, one of the main issues that Egyptian cities face. After studying the issues the areas struggles with, there were evident architectural, job, urban, environmental, social and economic problems. These areas lack the humanitarian needs to offer suitable living conditions, the criteria to meet these needs will be known. The renovation will be evaluated according to humanitarian need as a case study. The search concluded that there are some substantial results which witness some success in developing Eshash Mahfouth district experience. There were also persisting issue. The search deduced that the district is lacking the social interactions because no social services provided, three is lack of green area because the officials were more interested in providing as many residential units as they can. تعتبر مشکلة المناطق السکنية العشوائية غير الآمنة التي انتشرت داخل المدن، وعلى أطرافها؛ من المشاکل الرئيسية التي تعاني منها أغلب المدن المصرية، وبدراسة المشاکل التي تعاني منها هذه المناطق، تبين أن هناک مشاکل معمارية ووظيفية وعمرانية وبيئية واجتماعية واقتصادية، کما نجد أن هذه المناطق تفتقر إلى توفير متطلبات الاحتياجات الإنسانية، لذا سيتناول هذا البحث التعرف على الاحتياجات الإنسانية اللازمة لبيئة سکنية مناسبة للحياة، کما سيتم التعرف على معايير تحقيق هذه الاحتياجات، بالإضافة إلى تقييم مشروع الإحلال بمنطقة عشش محفوظ بمدينة المنيا، في ضوء الاحتياجات الإنسانية کحالة دراسة، وقد خلص البحث إلى العديد من النتائج الهامة التي تضم بعض النجاحات المتحققة في تجربة التطوير لمنطقة عشش محفوظ بالإحلال کما أن من أهم السلبيات التي وقف عليها البحث في التجربة هي أن المنطقة لا زالت تفتقر إلى تحقيق التفاعل الاجتماعي نظرًا لافتقارها للخدمات الاجتماعية، وعدم توفير المناطق الخضراء، فقد کانت الأولوية الأولى للمسئولين هي توفير أکبر عدد من الوحدات السکنية .