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The objective of this work is to study the effect of synergy between halide ions (Cl-, Brand I- ) and piroxicam which is a drug molecule with anti-inflammatory properties proposed as a corrosion inhibitor copper in nitric acid medium using the gravimetric method. The experimental results show that the inhibitory efficiency increases considerably with the addition of halide ions on piroxicam. The observed inhibitory efficiency reaches more than 94 % in nitric acid medium (1 M) with the addition of iodide ions to piroxicam at 323 K. The presence of I- ions considerably improves efficiency compared to Brand Clions. So the classification of the halide ions studied, in the sense of those which could help to improve the inhibitory efficacy of piroxicam is I- > Br- > Cl-, which confirms previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) have been widely used in patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) due to COVID-19. However, the impact of HFNC versus NIV on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 is uncertain. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of HFNC versus NIV in COVID-19-related AHRF., Methods: Several electronic databases were searched through February 10, 2022, for eligible studies comparing HFNC and NIV in COVID-19-related AHRF. Our primary outcome was intubation. The secondary outcomes were mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and P aO 2 /F IO 2 changes. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with the corresponding 95% CI were obtained using a random-effect model. Prediction intervals were calculated to indicate the variance in outcomes that would be expected if new studies were conducted in the future., Results: Nineteen studies involving 3,606 subjects (1,880 received HFNC and 1,726 received NIV) were included. There were no differences in intubation (RR 1.01 [95% CI 0.85-1.20], P = .89) or LOS (MD 0.38 d [95% CI -0.61 to 1.37], P = .45) between groups, with consistent results on the subgroup of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Mortality was lower in NIV (RR 0.81 [95% CI 0.66-0.98], P = .03). However, the prediction interval was 0.41-1.59, and subgroup analysis of RCTs showed no difference in mortality between groups. There was a greater improvement in P aO 2 /F IO 2 with NIV (MD 22.80 [95% CI 5.30-40.31], P = .01)., Conclusions: Our study showed that despite the greater improvement in P aO 2 /F IO 2 with NIV, intubation rates and LOS were similar between HFNC and NIV. Although mortality was lower with HFNC than NIV, the prediction interval included the null value, and there was no difference in mortality between HFNC and NIV on a subgroup of RCTs. Future large-scale RCTs are necessary to support our findings., Competing Interests: The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 by Daedalus Enterprises.)

Paratransit modes dominate the public transportation industry in the majority of developing countries, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa. The number of these modes has increased rapidly over the years. Authorities have not yet been able to provide a better alternative for passengers, whose demand is ever-growing. In this research, the main modes of public transport in a Sub-Saharan African city, Kampala, have been studied. Here we used multi-criteria decision-making methods to find out which among the four major public transport modes in Kampala, Uganda, are best from a transportation operator's perspective. The evaluation of alternatives was conducted using Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Elimination Et Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE III) methods. Both the ANP and the ELECTRE III analysis results demonstrate that alternative "Coaster" is the most appropriate alternative from a public transport operator's point of view. A sensitivity analysis consisting of four different scenarios was considered in the changing of weighting percentages (for benefit, cost, and risk clusters) in the ANP and the ELECTRE III analyses, to show the robustness of the ranking results. According to the sensitivity analysis results, there was no change in the final ranking. The findings of this paper are crucial to policymakers within the transportation sectors of developing countries. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:25-38. © 2021 SETAC., (© 2021 SETAC.)

We investigated the influence of a mass poultry vaccination campaign on passive surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype (H5N1) outbreaks among poultry in Egypt. Passive reporting dropped during the campaign, although probability of infection remained unchanged. Future poultry vaccination campaigns should consider this negative impact on reporting for adapting surveillance strategies.