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Introduction: Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs as the consequence of intraoperative risk factors associated with cardiac surgery. Biochemical monitoring of patients undergoing cardiac surgery enables early detection of AKI. Serum albumin and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): creatinine ratio serves as a simple tool for identifying increased risk of AKI. Aim: To determine serum albumin and the BUN: creatinine ratio as a predictive tool for AKI risk in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted at Cardio Thoracic super specialty unit of SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, between July 2020 to March 2021. A total of 30 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in the age group between 40 to 70 years with normal serum creatinine levels were included. Preoperative and postoperative parameters such as urea, creatinine, total protein, serum albumin, BUN: creatinine ratio and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) were calculated. Data were analysed statistically by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test. A p-value

Adropin, a peptide discovered in 2008, has gained recognition as a key regulator of cardiovascular health and metabolic balance. Initially identified for its roles in energy balance, lipid metabolism, and glucose regulation, adropin has also been found to improve cardiovascular health by enhancing endothelial function, modulating lipid profiles, and reducing oxidative stress. These protective mechanisms suggest that adropin may be able to help prevent conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Research has established connections between adropin and cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, positioning it as a valuable biomarker for evaluating cardiovascular disease risk. New studies highlight adropin's diagnostic and prognostic significance, showing that higher levels are linked to better cardiovascular outcomes, while lower levels are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on adropin, emphasizing its significance as a promising focus in the intersection of cardiovascular health and metabolic health. By summarizing the latest research findings, this review aims to offer insights into the potential applications of adropin in both clinical practice and research, leading to a deeper understanding of its role in maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic health., Competing Interests: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used Quillbot in order to improve writing language. After using quillbot, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Irisin, is a new myokine, considered a favorable metabolic factor and inversely associated with non-communicable diseases. The biological activities of irisin are currently unknown; however, they include browning white adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Triglyceride glucose index is a notable insulin resistance marker that predicts the risk of metabolic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. The study aimed to evaluate the relation of irisin and Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) in young adults to assess the cardiovascular risk. This observational cross-sectional study included 80 participants aged 18 to 35 years (male and females) with cut-off TyG > 4.5 as the prime criteria. With consent, anthropometric measurements were documented. Fasting lipid profile parameters were analyzed, and atherogenic lipid ratios and TyG index were calculated. Serum irisin was analyzed in Bio-Rad ELISA using a standardized Abbkine kit. Decreased irisin levels (0.32 ± 0.04ng/ml) and increased TyG index (4.95 ± 0.012) were observed in the participants with elevated triglyceride levels. The lipid profile parameters and atherogenic lipid ratios were observed to be elevated in males as compared to females. Correlation of irisin with lipid parameters revealed statistically significant positive correlation with HDLc (r = + 0.305) and negative correlation with non-HDLc (r = - 0.393), TC/HDLc (r = -0.508), LDLc/HDLc (r= -0.475) and TyG (r = -0.28). The study concludes that decreased irisin and increased TyG index in young adults reflect the state of metabolic dyslipidemia which enables the identification of individuals with metabolic and atherogenic risk., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Association of Clinical Biochemists of India 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)