Search

The clinical impact of body mass index (BMI), especially in the elderly with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), has not been sufficiently evaluated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical impact of BMI in very old patients (≥80 years) with AMI.The study analysed 2,489 AMI patients aged ≥80 years from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry and the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (KAMIR/KorMI) registries between November 2005 and March 2012. The study population was categorised into four groups based on their BMI: underweight (n=301), normal weight (n=1,150), overweight (n=890), and obese (n=148). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularisation, and target vessel revascularisation.Baseline characteristics among the four groups were similar, except for hypertension (45.1 vs 58.4 vs 66.2 vs 69.9%, respectively; p0.001) and diabetes (16.6 vs 23.6 vs 30.7 vs 35.1%, respectively; p0.001). Coronary care unit length of stay was significantly different among the four groups during hospitalisation (5.3±5.9 vs 4.8±6.8 vs 4.2±4.0 vs 3.5±2.1 days; p=0.007). MACE (16.9 vs 14.9 vs 13.7 vs 8.8%; p=0.115) and cardiac death (10.3 vs 8.4 vs 7.9 vs 4.1%; p=0.043) less frequently occurred in the obese group than in other groups during the 1-year follow-up. A multivariate regression model showed obese status (BMI ≥27.5 kg/mBody mass index in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction was significantly associated with coronary care unit stay and clinical cardiovascular outcomes.

Background/Introduction Although optimal revascularization strategy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) was well established, there are few studies which investigated optimal revascularization strategy in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEM) with MVD. Purpose We investigated 2-year clinical outcomes according to strategy of revascularization in patients with NSTEMI and MVD. Methods Between November 2011 and October 2015, a total of 2474 patients with NSTEMI and MVD who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention were analyzed from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health (staged 308, one-time 1043 and culprit-only 1123 patients). We did not include patients with left main disease and cardiogenic shock. Primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE: the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction [MI] or target-vessel revascularization [TVR]) during 2-year follow-up (median 737 days [interquartile range 705–764]). We also analyzed the of all-cause mortality, stroke and non-TVR. Results Baseline characteristics such as age, gender, and prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors between multivessel revascularization (MVR; staged or one-time revascularization) and CVR were similar. There was also no difference in symptom to balloon time in 2 groups. MACE occurred in 305 patients (12.3%) during 2-year follow-up. MVR could reduce incidence of MACE (10.2% vs. 14.9%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.50 for CVR, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.88, p Conclusions MVR reduced 2-year adverse cardiac events in patients with NSTEMI and MVD compared to CVR. However, staged revascularization was not superior to one-time revascularization for reducing MACE among NSTEMI patients with MVD who received MVR.

Background Data regarding clinical outcomes of biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stent (BP-DES) versus second-generation durable polymer drug-eluting stent (DP-DES) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are inconclusive. Purpose We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the clinical outcomes of BP-DES compared with second-generation DP-DES in patients who have undergone PCI. Methods We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through January 2019 for randomized controlled trials comparing BP-DES with second-generation DP-DES in patients treated with PCI. All-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST) were compared between the groups. Additionally, a landmark analysis with the landmark set at 1 year and a subgroup analysis according to stent characteristics were performed. Results Data from 23 trials including 28802 randomized patients were analyzed. At a median follow up of 3.1 years, no significant differences were found in terms of all-cause death (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.16), cardiac death (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.87–1.17), MI (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.82–1.03), TVR (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86–1.11), TLR (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.85–1.11), and definite/probable ST (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70–1.07) between the groups. Landmark analysis showed that there were similar risks in all-cause death (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93–1.17), cardiac death (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.92–1.36), MI (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.79–1.13), TVR (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.73–1.23), TLR (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80–1.24), and definite/probable ST (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.67–1.28) between the groups. The similar tendency of any study endpoints between the groups was consistent in the subgroup, including stent platform (stainless steel vs. alloy), the drug coating distribution (abluminal vs. circumferential), the polymer degradation period (6 months), or the drug release duration (6 months) of BP-DES, or the DAPT duration (≥6 months vs. ≥12 months). However, the uses of BP-DES with sirolimus-eluting (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.98) or ultrathin strut (defined as Clinical outcomes Conclusions In our updated meta-analysis, BP-DES implantation was associated with comparable clinical outcomes compared with second-generation DP-DES implantation. However, PCI with ultrathin biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent could reduce the risk of MI.

Background The true benefit of biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stent (BP-DES) over second-generation durable polymer drug-eluting stent (DP-DES) expected to be represented during late period of follow-up after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but prior meta-analysis only evaluated short-term outcomes. Purpose We aimed to compare the long-term clinical outcomes after PCI with BP-DES versus second-generation DP-DES by a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing BP-DES with second-generation DP-DES implantations were searched through PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. All-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST) were compared between the groups. In addition, a landmark analysis with the landmark set at 1-year and a subgroup analysis based on stent characteristics were performed. Results Fifteen trials that included a total of 21311 randomized patients with at least 2 years follow-up were analyzed. At a median follow-up of 4.2 years, no significant differences in the risks of all-cause death (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.14), cardiac death (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.88–1.20), MI (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.79–1.01), TVR (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82–1.12), TLR (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.85–1.11), and definite/probable ST (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67–1.05) were found between the groups. In the 1-year landmark analysis, the rates of all-cause death (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93–1.17), cardiac death (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.92–1.36), MI (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.79–1.13), TVR (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.73–1.23), TLR (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80–1.24), and definite/probable ST (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.67–1.31) were similar between the groups. There were comparable rates of any study endpoints between the groups regardless of stent platform (stainless steel vs. alloy), the polymer degradation period (6 months) or the drug release duration (6 months) of BP-DES, or the DAPT duration (≥6 months vs. ≥12 months). However, the use of BP-DES with sirolimus eluting (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70–0.97), circumferential drug distribution (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.96), thin strut (defined as Clinical outcomes Conclusions In this meta-analysis, long-term clinical outcomes were equivalent between BP-DES and second-generation DP-DES implantations. However, among BP-DESs, the improved risks of MI in those with sirolimus eluting, circumferential drug distribution, thin strut, or ultrathin strut and decreased rates of TVR in those with circumferential drug distribution were noted.

Background Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of VT/VF, to identify the variables associated with VT/VF, and to construct a new scoring system. Methods Patients with relatively preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (≥40%) included in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health registry were enrolled in this study. Among 13,109 patients in the registry, a total of 10,334 (78.8%) had relatively preserved LVEF after AMI. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they experienced life-threatening VT/VF during hospitalization or not. The predictors for VT/VF during hospitalization were assessed. In-hospital mortality and complications were recorded. Results A total of 358 (3.5%) experienced life-threatening VT/VF. The VT/VF group was at an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 2.99) and cardiac death (odds ratio 3.40). Variables of diagnosis, Killip class, smoking, initial rhythm, left bundle branch block, and LVEF were significant indicators of VT/VF. A new risk score system yielded acceptable discrimination function (c-statistics = 0.773). Conclusions Relatively preserved LVEF patients could still be at risk of life-threatening VT/VF, which is related to a poor prognosis during the admission period. This new scoring system can be adopted to stratify the risk of VT/VF.

Objective:Little known on the association of initial blood pressure (BP) index with clinical outcomes in elderly hypertensive patients presenting acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).We evaluated the association of initial BP index with clinical out

Objective:Limited data was available on the effect of initial blood pressure (BP) index on outcomes in hypertensive octogenarian patients presenting acute myocardial infarction (MI) (AMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).We aimed to evaluate if initial BP index was predictive fo

Patients (pts) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are associated with a higher mortality rate and usually have higher incidence of co-morbid condition. However, long-term clinical outcomes of AMI pts with comorbidity are unclear. Among 12,431 pts enrolled in a nationwide in Korea AMI Registry (

Background Aortic valve bypass surgery treats aortic valve stenosis with a valve-containing conduit that connects the left ventricular apex to the descending thoracic aorta. After aortic valve bypass, blood is ejected from the left ventricle via both the native stenotic aortic valve and the conduit. We performed computational modeling to determine the effects of aortic valve bypass on aortic and cerebral blood flow, as well as the effect of conduit size on relative blood flow through the conduit and the native valve. Methods The interaction of blood flow with the vascular boundary was modeled using a hybrid Eurelian–Lagrangian formulation, where an unstructured Galerkin finite element method was coupled with an immersed boundary approach. Results Our model predicted native (stenotic) valve to conduit flow ratios of 45:55, 52:48, and 60:40 for conduits with diameters of 20, 16, and 10 mm, respectively. Mean gradients across the native aortic valve were calculated to be 12.5, 13.8, and 17.6 mm Hg, respectively. Post–aortic valve bypass cerebral blood flow was unchanged from preoperative aortic valve stenosis configurations and was constant across all conduit sizes. In all cases modeled, cerebral blood flow was completely supplied by blood ejected across the native aortic valve. Conclusions An aortic valve bypass conduit as small as 10 mm results in excellent relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in critical aortic valve stenosis. The presence of an aortic valve bypass conduit has no effect on cerebral blood flow. All blood flow to the brain occurs via antegrade flow across the native stenotic valve; this configuration may decrease the long-term risk of cerebral thromboembolism.

Since ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs due to plaque rupture rather than atherosclerotic stenosis, it could be concerned that atherosclerotic lesion length itself and number of stents according to lesion length are matter indeed. There are not enough large studies reveals whether

Statin is a well-known agent which has a variety of pleiotropic effect for reducing incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients (pts) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there have been an issue related to higher incidence of new onset diabetes and glucose

Aims In this study, our aim was to evaluate the angio-vasculogenic properties of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing the granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP)-2 (hASCs/GCP-2) and to determine possible therapeutic effects in an experimental ischaemic heart model. Methods and results Quantitative real-time (qRT)–PCR results revealed that hASCs/GCP-2 expressed significantly higher levels of pro-angiogenic genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interleukin (IL)-8, when compared with control-vector transduced hASCs or human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the anti-apoptotic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and Akt-1 were also highly up-regulated in the hASCs/GCP-2 cells. In vitro cell migration and proliferation assays showed that hASCs/GCP-2-derived conditioned media (CM) significantly accelerated the migration and proliferation of fibroblast cells. Examination of in vitro endothelial differentiation showed that hASCs/GCP-2 cells spontaneously formed vascular-like structures and highly expressed endothelial-specific genes and proteins. In vivo study results of our mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model revealed that hASCs/GCP-2 implantation improved the cardiac function and reduced the infarct size. Finally, transplanted hASCs/GCP-2 cells unexpectedly differentiated into endothelial cells and the engraftment rate was significantly higher than control groups. Conclusion We suggest that overexpression of GCP-2 in stem cells has the potential to enhance their angiogenic and survival properties.

Summary form only given. CO2 reforming of CH4 not only eliminates two greenhouse gases but also yields syngas which is preferable feedback for synthetic fuel. The conversions of reactants realized via corona plasma reactions were obviously higher than the equilibrium conversions at atmospheric pressure, and the plasma reactions were always rapid. Experimental results reflect the unique kinetics of nonequilibrium plasma reactions. Within nonequilibrium plasma, the temperature of energetic electrons (Te) is far higher than the temperature of other particles (T). The dissociation reactions of energetic electrons with molecules, e + A rarr products, play an important role, so the kinetics of nonequilibrium plasma reactions should be different with that of gas reactions usually explained by the classical collision theory. According to the collision theory, the rate for gas reaction, A + B rarr products, is given by (-d CA/d t) = K1middotCAmiddotCB, and the rate constant Kc is calculated by K1 = (8RTe/pime)0.5middotsigma0 middot(1+E1/RT)middotexp(-E1/RT) where T is the reaction temperature, sigma is the collision cross section, and E1 is the threshold energy. mAB = (mA+m B)/(mAmiddotmB), mA and m B are the molar masses of A and B. We deduced the rate constant K2 of the dissociation reaction in non-equilibrium plasma which may be expressed as K2 = (8RTe/pim e)0.5middotsigma0middot(1+E0 /RTe)middotexp(-E0/RTe). Due to Te being far higher than T and the molar mass of electron m e being far lower than mAB, K2 is far larger than K1 even if sigma0, the collision cross section for the dissociation reaction, is some less than sigma. So the dissociation reactions are very prompt, and the CO2 reforming via nonequilibrium can be rapid and may realize higher conversions. Using our experimental data resulted from CO2 reforming via AC corona plasma reactions, we drew a macroscopic kinetics model expressed as -d CCH4/d t = 0.10 exp (-11.72/W)CCH4 0.53CCO2 1.1 where the W is the input power during the plasma reactions

Purpose: Transradial (TR) approach is associated with fewer bleeding and vascular complications during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it is more technically challenging and associated with failure in elderly patients because the elderly may be associated with advanced vascular disease with tortuosity of subclavian artery, aortic root dilation and calcification, and diffuse atherosclerosis. We compared the clinical outcomes of the TR versus transfemoral (TF) approach in patients ≥80 years old with acute myocardial infarction (MI) who underwent PCI. Methods: A total of 1,945 (8.9%) octogenarians were selected from 21,815 patients in the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction Registry. TR group was consisted of 336 (17.3%) patients and TF group 1,609 (82.7%) patients. Procedural success and complications, door-to-balloon-time, in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE, defined as death, MI, or revascularization), and the death and total MACE at one-year were evaluated. Results: TR group had lower Killip class, but used more drug-eluting stents and longer stents compared to TF group. Extent of coronary disease and lesion severity were similar in both groups. Procedural success was not different (97.7% vs 98.3%), but in-hospital complications were significantly lower in TR group (8.1% vs 20.3%, p

Purpose: Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) has been widely used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) field. Precise measurement of reference vessel and early detection of various complications which cannot be distinguished by angiographic image led the outcome of IVUS-guided PCI more favorable. However, its beneficial effect was not thoroughly evaluated in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Some studies documented that in the cases of AMI, IVUS-guided PCI was not superior to the conventional angiography guided PCI. We hypothesized that certain subjects such as patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) might receive benefits from IVUS-guided PCI. Methods: Patients were from Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) data. KAMIR was the retrospective observational study from 52 tertiary hospitals commemorating of the 50th anniversary of Korea Society of Cardiology. From 16,264 patients, 3,339 of consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Patients with DM presented with AMI and received PCI were divided to two groups according to the use of IVUS during the procedure; IVUS group (n=683, 20.5%) and control group (n=2,656, 79.5%). Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) at one year follow up. Secondary outcomes were each component of MACE and stent thrombosis. Results: Mean age was 63.1 years and almost 75% were male. Patients in the IVUS group were younger and had better Killip class, more anterior infarction and target organ damage than the control group. They received longer, larger and more stents compared to patients in the control group. One month MACE was significantly lower in the IVUS group compared to the control group (4.6% vs. 10.6%, p

Purpose: Renal function is well known cardiovascular risk state. Prognostic significance of renal dysfunction in Korean patients with Non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was not yet fully analyzed. The objective of the present study was to further evaluate the prognostic impact of renal dysfunction on in-hospital mortality in NSTEMI patients using data from Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR). Methods: From January 2008 to July 2011, total 6,590 patients data on clinical, angiographic and in-hospital mortality were analyzed in this study. Patients were stratified as four groups by estimated GFR (eGFR): ≥90 mL/min/1.73m2 or normal renal function (Group 1, n=2243); 60-89 mL/min/1.73m2 or minimally impaired renal function (Group 2, n=2652); 30–59 mL/min/1.73m2 or moderate renal dysfunction {Group 3, n=1227}; and

Purpose: Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) is recommended for acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients who presenting with cardiogenic shock. Recently, a randomized trial revealed that IABP support did not reduce 30-day mortality. We aimed to determine the impact of IABP support on the short- and long-term mortality. Methods: A total of 774 patients with acute MI and cardiogenic shock were selected from the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction Registry between December 2007 and December 2010. Primary outcomes were mortality at one-month and one-year. Results: The patients who were treated with IABP support was 395 and the patients not treated with IABP was 379. The patients treated with IABP were more ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, anterior ischemia on electrocardiogram, and had undergone more PCI and coronary artery bypass surgery than patients not treated with IABP. Infarct area was larger and rate of statin prescription during hospitalization was higher in patients treated with IABP. One-month mortality and one-year mortality were significantly lower in patients treated with IABP compared to patients not treated with IABP (45.3 vs 54.6%, p=0.024; 46.8 vs 55.4%, p=0.041, respectively). By multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting confounding variables, IABP support was associated with neither one-month mortality nor one-year mortality (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.348-1.098, p=0.101; OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.382-1.085, p=0.098, respectively). However, Cox proportional hazard model showed that long-term survival was significantly better in patients treated with IABP (log rank p=0.034). ![Figure][1] Conclusions: This study showed that IABP support was not associated with reduced one-month mortality but associated with long-term mortality benefit. [1]: pending:yes

Purpose: Durable polymer coating has been identified as a potential trigger for late adverse events and led to the development of newer generation drug-eluting stents (DES) with durable polymers and biodegradable polymer surface coating with improved biocompatibility. In the COMFORTABLE AMI trial, biolimus-eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer showed a lower rate of the composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 1 year when compared with bare-metal stent. We aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of biolimus-eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer compared with newest-generation DES with durable polymers in acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: A total of 860 patients, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with biolimus-eluting stents with a biodegradable polymer (n=303) or newest-generation DES with durable polymers (n=557), were selected from 13,472 patients in the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction Registry. The composite of MACE (defined as death, MI, or revascularization) and stent thrombosis at one-year were compared. Results: The composite of MACE at one-year occurred in 11 patients (3.9%) receiving biolimus-eluting stents with a biodegradable polymer and 16 patients (3.9%) receiving newest-generation DES with durable polymers (p=0.541). Stent thrombosis at one-year occurred in 1 patient (0.9%) treated with biolimus-eluting stent and 2 patients treated with newest-generation DES (p=1.0). In Kaplan-Meier curve, MACE-free survival was not different (log rank p=0.512). ![Figure][1] Conclusions: Compared with newest-generation DES with durable polymers, the use of biolimus-eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer resulted in similar rates of the composite of MACE and stent thrombosis at one-year in patients with acute MI who underwent PCI. [1]: pending:yes

Background: Prediabetes is well known to have a substantially greater cardiovascular risk as a result of insulin resistance, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction or inflammation shown as in diabetes mellitus. Previous studies demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose are strong predictors of adverse outcome in acute coronary syndrome. However, the prognostic value of glycemic controlled level, determined by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), in prediabetic patients with ACS is still undefined. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of HbA1c at admission on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in prediabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Using data from Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (Kormi; February 2008-December 2011), this observational study included 1,536 patients who had not been diagnosed with DM before or after admission (HbA1c at admission less than 6.5%) with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Patients were divided into two groups based on HbA1c at admission: non-diabetic (HbA1c≤5.6%, n=607, 39.5%) and pre-diabetic group (5.7%≤HbA1c≤6.4%, n=929, 60.5%). Results: One-year cumulative MACE which was defined as a composite of mortality, nonfatal MI, repeated PCI or coronary artery bypass graft, was not different between two groups (7.4% vs 9.4%, p=0.182). After multivariate logistic analysis, HbA1c was not associated with occurrence of MACE (OR 1.009, 95% CI 0.579-1.759, p=0.975). We conducted subgroup analysis and divided pre-diabetic patients into two groups by the HbA1c level of 6.0%. Both of one-year cumulative MACE (11.1% versus 7.5%) and OR for MACE were lower (OR 0.586) in patients with higher HbA1c level, but did not show any statistical significances, either. Conclusion: This study demonstrated HbA1c level at admission was not significantly associated with cardiovascular outcomes in prediabetic Korean populations with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.

Purpose: We determined clinical outcomes according to type1 and 2 myocardial infarction (MI) of the third universal definition. Methods: A total of 5,355 patients were categorized into the type 1 and 2 MI. Type 1 MI was defined when culprit lesion had >70% diameter stenosis (DS) with visible thrombus and distal TIMI flow grade 0 through 2 and type 2 MI when the lesion had ≤70% DS with TIMI flow grade 3 and no thrombus. Primary outcome was the composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE, defined as death, MI, or revascularization) at one-year. Results: Type 1 MI was in 3,952 (73.8%) patients and type 2 MI 1,403 (26.2%). STEMI was more in type 1 MI (68.4 vs. 41.2%, p