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781 results on '"K. Wiik"'

1. Multifrequency interferometer and radio continuum monitoring observations of CTA 102

Author: E. Valtaoja, K. Wiik, Lars B. Bååth, Fredrik T. Rantakyrö, and Merja Tornikoski
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, Spectral index, Proper motion, CTA102, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, CTA-102, Shock waves, Wavelength, Interferometry, Amplitude, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Space and Planetary Science, Jets, Radiation mechanisms, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Quasars, Order of magnitude
Abstract: This paper represents the work of several years of observation of CTA 102 with both single dish telescopes and interferometric arrays, covering wavelengths from 1.2 cm to 1.3 mm. The resolution of the maps covers an order of magnitude from 0.5 mas to 50 μas. The images presented demonstrate the rapid structural changes in this source. These rapid structural changes correlates with the outbursts seen in the total flux, turnover frequency and in the spectral index. We have calculated the Brightness Temperatures of the components (TB ) directly from the determined component sizes and also using the logarithmic variability amplitudes and timescales to calculate the TB s. Both the methods yielded measurements of source frame T Bs no higher than ∼a few × 10 12 K. We find that the observed average proper motion is 0.4 0.07 mas/yr, which corresponds to an apparent transverse velocity of 11 ± 2 c. Copyright © 2003 EDP Sciences. This material is posted here with permission of EDP Sciences. Such permission of EDP Sciences does not in any way imply EDP Sciences endorsement of any of the University of Halmstads's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from EDP Sciences. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.
Published: 2003
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2. 147 GHz VLBI observations: Detection of 3C 273 and 3C 279 on the 3100 km baseline Metsähovi – Pico Veleta

Author: Thomas P. Krichbaum, S. Urpo, S. Navarro, D. A. Graham, P. Könönen, J. A. Zensus, K. Wiik, Albert Greve, J. Peltonen, John Conway, Michael Grewing, P. Sjöman, Roy Booth, Ari Mujunen, Jouko Ritakari, M. Berton, F. Rantakyro, D. John, and E. Oinaskallio
Subjects: Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Baseline (sea), Brightness temperature, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Flux, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Lower limit
Abstract: We report a successful VLBI observation at 147 GHz (2.1 mm) on the 3 100 km long baseline between the telescopes at Metsahovi (Finland) and Pico Veleta (Spain). The sources 3C 273B and 3C 279 were detected with a SNR of∼10. For these sources we estimate that 25-30% of the total flux is detectable as correlated flux on the 3 100 km baseline, which gives at 147 GHz a lower limit of the brightness temperature of the inner VLBI jet region of ∼1×10 1 0 K.
Published: 2002
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3. Millimetre Continuum Variations, VLBI Structure and Gamma-rays: Investigating Shocked Jet Physics

Author: E. Valtaoja, Tuomas Savolainen, K. Wiik, and Anne Lähteenmäki
Subjects: Astroparticle physics, Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, Space and Planetary Science, law, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Flare
Abstract: We compare the total flux density variations and the VLBI structural variations in a sample of 27 gamma-ray blazars. We find that all the radio variations are due to shocks; the flux of the underlying jet remains constant. A large fraction of the shocks grow and fade within the innermost 0.1 mas, appearing only as ‘core flares’. Comparisons with the EGRET data show that gamma-ray flares must come from the shocks, not from the jet. At the time of an EGRET flare, the shock is typically already over a parsec downstream from the radio core, beyond the accretion disk and/or the broad line region (BLR) photon fields. Thus, present models for gamma-ray production are inadequate, since they typically model the gamma-ray inverse Compton flux as coming from the jet, with significant disk or BLR external Compton components.
Published: 2002
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4. The geometry of the universe from high resolution VLBI data of AGN shocks

Author: E. Valtaoja and K. Wiik
Subjects: Travel time, Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monitoring data, Very-long-baseline interferometry, High resolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Small sample, Geometry, Astrophysics, Omega
Abstract: VSOPシンポジウム(2000年1月19日-21日. 宇宙科学研究所(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, VSOP Symposium (January 19-21, 2000. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000155050
Published: 2001
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5. Total Flux Density Variations in Extragalactic Radio Sources. II. Determining the Limiting Brightness Temperature for Synchrotron Sources

Author: E. Valtaoja, K. Wiik, and Anne Lähteenmäki
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Inverse, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Synchrotron, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Intrinsic brightness, Space and Planetary Science, law, Brightness temperature, Very-long-baseline interferometry, symbols, Doppler effect, Equipartition theorem
Abstract: The maximum intrinsic brightness temperature Tb, lim for powerful synchrotron-emitting radio sources is usually assumed to be ≈1012 K, limited by the inverse Compton catastrophe. A lower value of ≈5×1010 K, based on the equipartition brightness temperature, has been suggested by Readhead on the basis of Tb, obs distributions derived from VLBI observations. We present two new methods for estimating Tb, lim in extragalactic radio sources by using total flux density variations. A reasonable estimate of the value of Tb, lim for a source can be obtained by comparing the Doppler boosting factors derived from total flux density variations at 22 and 37 GHz with traditional estimates based on the radio and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) X-ray fluxes. Another independent estimate of Tb, lim is obtained by comparing the brightness temperatures derived from variability data with the values calculated from VLBI observations. Using several data sets, we find that both methods yield a value of ≤1011 K, in accordance with the equipartition brightness temperature limit proposed by Readhead.
Published: 1999
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6. Chemistry and Microstructure of the Interface between Lanthanum Manganite and Cubic Stabilized Zirconia

Author: Tor Grande, Sonia Faaland, M.-A. Einarsrud, K Wiik, and Ragnvald Høier
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Lanthanum manganite, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Interface (Java), Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Cubic zirconia, Microstructure
Published: 1997
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7. Multifrequency VLBA study of the blazar S5 0716+714 during the active state in 2004 II. Large-scale jet kinematics and the comparison of the different methods of VLBI data imaging as applied to kinematic studies of AGN

Author: Yliya N. Vetukhnovskaya, Leo O. Takalo, Elizaveta A. Rastorgueva, A. T. Bajkova, K. Wiik, Esko Valtaoja, and Mehreen Mahmud
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), Brightness, Line-of-sight, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kinematics, Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Deconvolution, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Data reduction
Abstract: We study the jet kinematics of the blazar S5 0716+714 during its active state in 2003-2004 with multi-epoch VLBI observations. Aims. We present a kinematic analysis of the large-scale (0-12 mas) jet of 0716+714, based on the results of six epochs of VLBA monitoring at 5 GHz. Additionally, we compare kinematic results obtained with two imaging methods based on different deconvolution algorithms. The blazar 0716+714 has a diffuse large-scale jet and a very faint bright compact core. Experiments with simulated data showed that the conventional data reduction procedure based on the CLEAN deconvolution algorithm does not perform well in restoring this type of structure. This might be the reason why previous kinematic studies of this source yielded ambiguous results. In order to obtain accurate kinematics of this source, we independently applied two imaging techniques to the raw data: the conventional method, based on difference mapping, which uses CLEAN deconvolution, and the generalized maximum entropy method (GMEM) realized in the VLBImager package developed at the Pulkovo Observatory in Russia. The results of both methods give us a consistent kinematic scenario: the large-scale jet of 0716+714 is diffuse and stationary. Differences between the inner (0-1 mas) and outer (1-12 mas) regions of the jet in brightness and velocity of the components could be explained by the bending of the jet, which causes the angle between the jet direction and the line of sight to change from ~5 deg to ~11 deg. For the source 0716+714 both methods worked at the limit of their capability., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A, 2011
Published: 2011
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8. Isotopic Composition of Light Nuclei in Cosmic Rays: Results from AMS-01

Author: H. T. Liu, J. Ulbricht, P. Extermann, H. Hofer, G. Ambrosi, U. Becker, E. Perrin, C. Sbarra, W. J. Burger, F. J. Eppling, P. H. Fisher, S. M. Ting, M. Kraeber, Rui Miguel Faisca Rodrigues Pereira, Veronica Bindi, T. Kirn, M. Paniccia, C. dela Guia, A. Klimentov, Adrian Biland, M.W. Lee, M. Pimenta, Jouko Ritakari, Hui Zhang, S. Schael, I. D'Antone, D. Rapin, Sadakazu Haino, J. Casaus, Massimo Gervasi, Jungwook Shin, V. Plyaskin, P. Azzarello, F. Mayet, A. Schultz von Dratzig, D. Grandi, Andrea Contin, J.V. Allaby, L. Djambazov, Andrei Kounine, P. G. Rancoita, M. Pohl, B. Bertucci, Xiao-Dong Tang, J. P. Vialle, W.Z. Zhu, M. Capell, R. Siedling, Shih-Chang Lee, H. Park, L. Ao, J. Engelberg, M. Jongmanns, R. Kossakowski, H. von Gunten, D. Crespo, J. D. Burger, K. Lübelsmeyer, J. Alcaraz, K. Karlamaa, Yun-Young Choi, S. X. Wu, Eun-Suk Seo, T. S. Dai, S. Xu, Dawei Zhao, Federico Cindolo, Z.R. Dong, V. Shoutko, Joachim Trümper, Maria Ionica, Guohuai Zhu, V. Commichau, Z.P. Zhang, E. Shoumilov, E. Riihonen, A. Mihul, G.P. Barreira, M. J. Boschini, M. Ribordy, Tengfei Song, H. Anderhub, M. Duranti, U. Roeser, T. Siedenburg, H.F. Chen, M. Steuer, C. Delgado, Mao-Zhi Yang, Zhenghao Xu, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, H. Suter, G.S. Sun, A. Bartoloni, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, W. Wallraff, P.C. Xia, F. Spada, P. Saouter, J. Favier, Z. L. Ren, Waclaw Karpinski, X. D. Cai, Changgen Yang, I. Vetlitsky, W.H. Park, E. Cortina-Gil, G. Bruni, F. Palmonari, A. Pevsner, D. Vité, M. Buénerd, Tzihong Chiueh, S. R. Ro, S. Natale, G. Laurenti, S. Waldmeier Wicki, E. P. Velikhov, B. Zimmermann, R. Becker, Y. Galaktionov, Roald Z. Sagdeev, Ciaran Williams, Merja Tornikoski, J.L. Yan, Markus Cristinziani, J. J. Torsti, Antonino Zichichi, L. Bellagamba, K.S. Kim, A. Arefiev, F. Barao, R. R. McNeil, Jing Wang, G. Sartorelli, Nicola Tomassetti, P. Cannarsa, Y. H. Chang, T. Eronen, G. Kenney, M. Aguilar, Felicitas Pauss, V. Hermel, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, M. Basile, Z.G. Chen, G. Flügge, G. N. Kim, F. Spinella, M. Bourquin, H. L. Zhuang, J. Yang, You Zhou, Nicolas Produit, D. Luckey, F. Vezzu, G. Lu, C. Maña, C.H. Lin, Samuel C.C. Ting, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, G. Castellini, J. Vandenhirtz, D. Casadei, G. Laborie, P. Giusti, S. Di Falco, O. Grimm, Paolo Zuccon, A. Hasan, Mauro Menichelli, F. Giovacchini, G. Schwering, Daijin Kim, W.Q. Gu, F. Zhou, N. Fouque, I. Cernuda, E. Fiandrini, H. S. Chen, D. Santos, S. Urpo, G. Viertel, Luísa Arruda, G. Lamanna, K. Hangarter, Lucio Quadrani, B. Verlaat, P. Berges, Ari Mujunen, K. Wiik, J. Berdugo, G. Boella, N.A. Chernoplekov, Anselmo Margotti, W. Hungerford, Timo Laitinen, M. Pauluzzi, D. Ren, Giuseppe Levi, Lu Yuzhang, LinLi Yan, A.I. Oliva, V. Pojidaev, C. Lechanoine-Leluc, S.W. Ye, Roberto Battiston, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, AGUILAR M., ALCARAZ J., ALLABY J., ALPAT B., AMBROSI G., ANDERHUB H., AO L., AREFIEV A., ARRUDA L., AZZARELLO P., BASILE M., BARAO F., BARREIRA G., BARTOLONI A., BATTISTON R., BECKER R., BECKER U., BELLAGAMBA L., BERDUGO J., BERGES P., BERTUCCI B., BILAND A., BINDI V., BOELLA G., BOSCHINI M., BOURQUIN M., BRUNI G., BUENERD M., BURGER JD., BURGER WJ., CAI XD., CANNARSA P., CAPELL M., CASADEI D., CASAUS J., CASTELLINI G., CERNUDA I., CHANG YH., CHEN HF., CHEN HS., CHEN ZG., CHERNOPLEKOV NA., CHIUEH TH., CHOI YY., CINDOLO F., COMMICHAU V., CONTIN A., CORTINA-GIL E., CRESPO D., CRISTINZIANI M., DAI TS., DELA GUIA C., DELGADO C., DI FALCO S., DJAMBAZOV L., D'ANTONE I., DONG ZR., DURANTI M., ENGELBERG J., EPPLING FJ., ERONEN T., EXTERMANN P., FAVIER J., FIANDRINI E., FISHER PH., FLUGGE G., FOUQUE N., GALAKTIONOV Y., GERVASI M., GIOVACCHINI F., GIUSTI P., GRANDI D., GRIMM O., GU WQ., HAINO S., HANGARTER K., HASAN A., HERMEL V., HOFER H., HUNGERFORD W., IONICA M., JONGMANNS M., KARLAMAA K., KARPINSKI W., KENNEY G., KIM DH., KIM GN., KIM KS., KIRN T., KLIMENTOV A., KOSSAKOWSKI R., KOUNINE A., KOUTSENKO V., KRAEBER M., LABORIE G., LAITINEN T., LAMANNA G., LAURENTI G., LEBEDEV A., LECHANOINE-LELUC C., LEE MW., LEE SC., LEVI G., LIN CH., LIU HT., LU G., LU YS., LUBELSMEYER K., LUCKEY D., LUSTERMANN W., MANA C., MARGOTTI A., MAYET F., MCNEIL RR., MENICHELLI M., MIHUL A., MUJUNEN A., NATALE S., OLIVA A., PALMONARI F., PANICCIA M., PARK HB., PARK WH., PAULUZZI M., PAUSS F., PEREIRA R., PERRIN E., PEVSNER A., PILO F., PIMENTA M., PLYASKIN V., POJIDAEV V., POHL M., PRODUIT N., QUADRANI L., RANCOITA PG., RAPIN D., REN D., REN Z., RIBORDY M., RIIHONEN E., RITAKARI J., RO S., ROESER U., SAGDEEV R., SANTOS D., SARTORELLI G., SAOUTER P., SBARRA C., SCHAEL S., VON DRATZIG AS., SCHWERING G., SEO ES., SHIN JW., SHOUMILOV E., SHOUTKO V., SIEDENBURG T., SIEDLING R., SON D., SONG T., SPADA FR., SPINELLA F., STEUER M., SUN GS., SUTER H., TANG XW., TING SCC., TING SM., TOMASSETTI N., TORNIKOSKI M., TORSTI J., TRUMPER J., ULBRICHT J., URPO S., VALTONEN E., VANDENHIRTZ J., VELIKHOV E., VERLAAT B., VETLITSKY I., VEZZU F., VIALLE JP., VIERTEL G., VITE D., VON GUNTEN H., WICKI SW., WALLRAFF W., WANG JZ., WIIK K., WILLIAMS C., WU SX., XIA PC., XU S., XU ZZ., YAN JL., YAN LG., YANG CG., YANG J., YANG M., YE SW., ZHANG HY., ZHANG ZP., ZHAO DX., ZHOU F., ZHOU Y., ZHU GY., ZHU WZ., ZHUANG HL., ZICHICHI A., ZIMMERMANN B., ZUCCON P, Aguilar, M, Alcaraz, J, Allaby, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Arruda, L, Azzarello, P, Basile, M, Barao, F, Barreira, G, Bartoloni, A, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bindi, V, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bruni, G, Buénerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Choi, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cortina Gil, E, Crespo, D, Cristinziani, M, Dai, T, dela Guia, C, Delgado, C, Di Falco, S, Djambazov, L, D’Antone, I, Dong, Z, Duranti, M, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Flügge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimm, O, Gu, W, Haino, S, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kim, D, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lechanoine Leluc, C, Lee, M, Lee, S, Levi, G, Lin, C, Liu, H, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mujunen, A, Natale, S, Oliva, A, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Park, H, Park, W, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Pereira, R, Perrin, E, Pevsner, A, Pilo, F, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Pohl, M, Produit, N, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Ro, S, Roeser, U, Sagdeev, R, Santos, D, Sartorelli, G, Saouter, P, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shin, J, Shoumilov, E, Shoutko, V, Siedenburg, T, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Von Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, J, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Xu, S, Xu, Z, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, S, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhou, F, Zhou, Y, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zuccon, P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, R., Becker, Ulrich J., Berges, P., Burger, Joseph D., Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H., Dai, T. S., Eppling, Frederic J., Fisher, Peter H., Klimentov, A., Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Lebedev, Alexei, Luckey, P. David, Jr., Shoutko, V., Siedenburg, T., Steuer, M., Ting, Samuel C. C., Wu. S. X., Xu, S., and Zhou, F.
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Astrophysics and Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], genetic structures, Cosmic ray, Isotopes of boron, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES, ABUNDANCES, Nucleosynthesis, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic ray spallation, Physics, NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy and Astrophysics, COSMIC RAYS, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Space and Planetary Science, Isotopes of beryllium, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Heliosphere
Abstract: The variety of isotopes in cosmic rays allows us to study different aspects of the processes that cosmic rays undergo between the time they are produced and the time of their arrival in the heliosphere. In this paper, we present measurements of the isotopic ratios [superscript 2]H/[superscript 4]He, [superscript 3]He/[superscript 4]He, [superscript 6]Li/[superscript 7]Li, [superscript 7]Be/([superscript 9]Be+[superscript 10]Be), and [superscript 10]B/[superscript 11]B in the range 0.2-1.4 GeV of kinetic energy per nucleon. The measurements are based on the data collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, AMS-01, during the STS-91 flight in 1998 June., United States. Dept. of Energy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Published: 2011
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9. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station: Part I – results from the test flight on the space shuttle

Author: P. Extermann, H. Hofer, J.P. Richeux, Jose Maria Kenny, M. Jongmanns, H. Anderhub, P. Giusti, A. Hasan, Mauro Menichelli, G. Scolieri, Y.S. Lu, I. Lopes, S. Ro, G. Schwering, Eun-Suk Seo, L. Baldini, E. Lanciotti, F. Vezzu, Maria Ionica, S.W. Ye, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, M.Y. Kim, G. Sartorelli, D. Rapin, V. Plyaskin, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, W.Q. Gu, W.Z. Zhu, C. Delgado, E. Fiandrini, Yu. Galaktionov, D.H. Kim, J. Alcaraz, S. X. Wu, W.H. Park, Felicitas Pauss, B. Verlaat, P. Berges, K. Karlamaa, S.C.C. Ting, F. Palmonari, Zhenghao Xu, Zhuoxiang Ren, F. Velcea, Tzihong Chiueh, G. Barbier, H.B. Park, R. Kossakowski, A. Klimentov, S. Urpo, Ari Mujunen, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, G. Laurenti, K. Luebelsmeyer, E. Shoumilov, W. Hungerford, H. S. Chen, N. Produit, M. Buenerd, S. Waldmeier Wicki, M. Basile, E. Riihonen, A. Mihul, Timo Laitinen, J. Yang, V. Postolache, V. Pojidaev, M. Steuer, P.C. Xia, G.S. Sun, Jian Wang, M. Ribordy, K. Hangarter, H. L. Zhuang, M. Pauluzzi, Stefan Schael, H. Suter, Guohuai Zhu, G. Boella, X.W. Tang, M. Kraber, A. Pevsner, M. A. Huang, Mao-Zhi Yang, Tao Song, J.L. Yan, N.A. Chernoplekov, J. Vandenhirtz, Z.G. Chen, C. Camps, Ciaran Williams, D. Ren, D. Luckey, I. Vetlitsky, Samuel C.C. Ting, N. Dinu, Zhidong Zhang, Anselmo Margotti, E. Cortina-Gil, M. Bourquin, A. Papi, Adrian Biland, R. Ionica, L. Djambazov, Paolo Zuccon, A. Contin, I. D'Antone, M.W. Lee, Jungwook Shin, F. Barao, G. Castellini, J. P. Da Cunha, Gui Nyun Kim, N. Fouque, P. Levtchenko, Massimo Gervasi, Kyung-Suk Cho, J. D. Burger, F. Mayet, M. Pohl, P. Yeh, G. Lu, C. Maña, C. Lechanoine-Leluc, A. Schultz von Dratzig, C. Rossin, Hengchang Liu, A. Mourao, S. Blasko, G. Laborie, C. Sbarra, Peter H. Fisher, L.G. Yan, V. Hermel, J.D. Deus, X. D. Cai, M.J. Choi, O. Grimm, J. Casaus, M. Capell, Philipp Azzarello, R. Siedling, J. Berdugo, Yun Wang, A. Arefiev, Roald Z. Sagdeev, J. Engelberg, H. von Gunten, C.L. Liu, L. Bellagamba, Changgen Yang, D. Casadei, U. Roser, R. R. McNeil, B. Meillon, Giuseppe Levi, Y.L. Chuang, K. Wiik, P. Bene, Federico Cindolo, J. J. Torsti, Antonino Zichichi, L. Brocco, J. Ritakari, Y. H. Chang, G. Kenney, P. Cannarsa, Y.Y. Choi, D. Barancourt, J. Favier, Waclaw Karpinski, E. Babucci, U. Becker, Dawei Zhao, R. Becker, Z.R. Dong, E. Perrin, K.S. Kim, Claudia Cecchi, F. J. Eppling, M. Aguilar, V. Shoutko, S. Bizzaglia, G. Esposito, M. Pimenta, G. Fluegge, D. Grandi, B. Bertucci, D. Santos, G. Ambrosi, T. S. Dai, A. Pesci, B.C. Wang, D. Vité, G. Lamanna, G. Viertel, J. P. Vialle, H.F. Chen, G.P. Barreira, W. J. Burger, Frank Raupach, Roberto Battiston, L. Ao, J. Ulbricht, Hao Zhang, S.C. Lee, J. Trümper, P. Emonet, M. J. Boschini, V. Commichau, E. P. Velikhov, B. Zimmermann, Merja Tornikoski, Markus Cristinziani, T. Eronen, P. G. Rancoita, W. Wallraff, G. Bruni, Aguilar, M, Alcaraz, J, Allaby, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Brocco, L, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cecchi, C, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Cho, K, Choi, M, Choi, Y, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cortina-Gil, E, Cristinziani, M, da Cunha, J, Dai, T, Delgado, C, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimms, O, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, D, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kim, M, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Lanciotti, E, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lechanoine-Leluc, C, Lee, M, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lubelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Mana, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Papi, A, Park, H, Park, W, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Pohl, M, Postolache, V, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Ro, S, Roeser, U, Rossin, C, Sagdeev, R, Santos, D, Sartorelli, G, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shin, J, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trumper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, V, Jp, Viertel, G, Vite, D, Von Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zuccon, P, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Azzarello, Philipp, Bene, Pierre, Bourquin, Maurice, Cortina Gil, Eduardo, Cristinziani, Markus, Emonet, Pascal Philippe, Extermann, Pierre, Leluc, Catherine, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Produit, Nicolas, Rapin, Divic Jean, Ribordy, Mathieu, Richeux, Jean-Pierre, Vite, Davide, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, and UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FIS/06 - FISICA PER IL SISTEMA TERRA E PER IL MEZZO CIRCUMTERRESTRE, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Positron, Earth's magnetic field, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Nucleon, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, AMS, Cosmic Rays, Antimatter, Helium, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown on the space shuttle Discovery during flight STS-91 (June 1998) in a 51.7 deg orbit at altitudes between 320 and 390 km. A search for antihelium nuclei in the rigidity range 1–140 GV was performed. No antihelium nuclei were detected at any rigidity. An upper limit on the flux ratio of antihelium to helium of < 1.1×10^−6 was obtained. The high energy proton, electron, positron, helium, antiproton and deuterium spectra were accurately measured. For each particle and nuclei two distinct spectra were observed: a higher energy spectrum and a substantial second spectrum. Positrons in the second spectrum were found to be much more abundant than electrons. Tracing particles from the second spectra shows that most of them travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field, and that the positive particles (p and e+) and negative ones (e−) originate from two complementary geographic regions. The second helium spectrum flux over the energy range 0.1–1.2 GeV/nucleon was measured to be (6.3 ± 0.9) × 10^−3(m^2 s sr)^−1. Over 90 percent of the helium flux was determined to be 3He at the 90% confidence level
Published: 2002
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10. Black hole binary OJ287 as a testing platform for general relativity

Author: H. J. Lehto, Seppo Mikkola, Mauri Valtonen, K. Wiik, and Achamveedu Gopakumar
Subjects: Physics, History, Speed wobble, General relativity, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray binary, Astronomy, Astrophysics, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, Black hole, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Binary black hole, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Extremal black hole, Stellar black hole, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Spin-flip, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The blazar OJ287 is the most promising (and the only) case for an extragalactic binary black hole system inspiralling under the action of gravitational radiation reaction. At present, though it is not possible to directly observe the binary components, it is possible to observe the jet emanating from the primary black hole. We have argued that the orbital motion of the secondary black hole is reflected in the wobble of the jet, and demonstrated that the wobble is orbital position dependent. The erratic wobble of the jet is analyzed by taking into account the binary nature of the system, and we have found that the erratic component of jet wobble is very small.
Published: 2014
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11. Cosmic protons

Author: J. Alcaraz, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, H. Anderhub, L. Ao, A. Arefiev, P. Azzarello, E. Babucci, L. Baldini, M. Basile, D. Barancourt, F. Barao, G. Barbier, G. Barreira, R. Battiston, R. Becker, U. Becker, L. Bellagamba, P. Béné, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, A. Biland, S. Bizzaglia, S. Blasko, G. Boella, M. Boschini, M. Bourquin, L. Brocco, G. Bruni, M. Buenerd, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, C. Camps, P. Cannarsa, M. Capell, D. Casadei, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, C. Cecchi, Y.H. Chang, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, Z.G. Chen, N.A. Chernoplekov, T.H. Chiueh, Y.L. Chuang, F. Cindolo, V. Commichau, A. Contin, P. Crespo, M. Cristinziani, J.P. da Cunha, T.S. Dai, J.D. Deus, N. Dinu, L. Djambazov, I. D'Antone, Z.R. Dong, P. Emonet, J. Engelberg, F.J. Eppling, T. Eronen, G. Esposito, P. Extermann, J. Favier, E. Fiandrini, P.H. Fisher, G. Fluegge, N. Fouque, Yu. Galaktionov, M. Gervasi, P. Giusti, D. Grandi, O. Grimm, W.Q. Gu, K. Hangarter, A. Hasan, V. Hermel, H. Hofer, M.A. Huang, W. Hungerford, M. Ionica, R. Ionica, M. Jongmanns, K. Karlamaa, W. Karpinski, G. Kenney, J. Kenny, W. Kim, A. Klimentov, R. Kossakowski, V. Koutsenko, M. Kraeber, G. Laborie, T. Laitinen, G. Lamanna, G. Laurenti, A. Lebedev, S.C. Lee, G. Levi, P. Levtchenko, C.L. Liu, H.T. Liu, I. Lopes, G. Lu, Y.S. Lu, K. Lübelsmeyer, D. Luckey, W. Lustermann, C. Maña, A. Margotti, F. Mayet, R.R. McNeil, B. Meillon, M. Menichelli, A. Mihul, A. Mourao, A. Mujunen, F. Palmonari, A. Papi, I.H. Park, M. Pauluzzi, F. Pauss, E. Perrin, A. Pesci, A. Pevsner, M. Pimenta, V. Plyaskin, V. Pojidaev, M. Pohl, V. Postolache, N. Produit, P.G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, F. Raupach, D. Ren, Z. Ren, M. Ribordy, J.P. Richeux, E. Riihonen, J. Ritakari, U. Roeser, C. Roissin, R. Sagdeev, G. Sartorelli, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E.S. Seo, V. Shoutko, E. Shoumilov, R. Siedling, D. Son, T. Song, M. Steuer, G.S. Sun, H. Suter, X.W. Tang, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, M. Tornikoski, J. Torsti, J. Trümper, J. Ulbricht, S. Urpo, I. Usoskin, E. Valtonen, J. Vandenhirtz, F. Velcea, E. Velikhov, B. Verlaat, I. Vetlitsky, F. Vezzu, J.P. Vialle, G. Viertel, D. Vité, H. Von Gunten, S. Waldmeier Wicki, W. Wallraff, B.C. Wang, J.Z. Wang, Y.H. Wang, K. Wiik, C. Williams, S.X. Wu, P.C. Xia, J.L. Yan, L.G. Yan, C.G. Yang, M. Yang, S.W. Ye, P. Yeh, Z.Z. Xu, H.Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, D.X. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, W.Z. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Alcaraz, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Brocco, L, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cecchi, C, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Crespo, P, Cristinziani, M, Cunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimm, O, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Pohl, M, Postolache, V, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Sartorelli, G, Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Azzarello, Philipp, Bene, Pierre, Bourquin, Maurice, Cristinziani, Markus, Emonet, Pascal Philippe, Extermann, Pierre, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Produit, Nicolas, Rapin, Divic Jean, Ribordy, Mathieu, Richeux, Jean-Pierre, and Vite, Davide
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Cosmic rays: protons, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract: The primary proton spectrum in the kinetic energy range 0.2 to 200 GeV was measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS–91 at an altitude of 380 km. The complete data set combining three shuttle attitudes and including all known systematic effects is presented.
Published: 2001

12. Leptons in near earth orbit

Author: L. Djambazov, P. Giusti, G. Scolieri, I. Lopes, Dawei Zhao, P. G. Rancoita, E. Babucci, U. Becker, F. Vezzu, E. Perrin, F. J. Eppling, G. Barbier, S. M. Ting, S.C. Lee, R. Ionica, F. Palmonari, H. von Gunten, G. Esposito, Z.R. Dong, Federico Cindolo, Changgen Yang, H. T. Liu, Diego Casadei, Yu. Galaktionov, D. Vité, A. Lebedev, U. Roeser, G. Castellini, Dong-Chul Son, Z. L. Ren, J. Alcaraz, Guohuai Zhu, Yun Wang, S. Bizzaglia, A. Arefiev, P. Extermann, H. Hofer, W. Wallraff, Ilya Usoskin, Jing Wang, P. Levtchenko, P. Emonet, T. S. Dai, H. Anderhub, Waclaw Karpinski, E. Fiandrini, R. Becker, P. Cannarsa, R. R. McNeil, D. Rapin, C. Roissin, B.C. Wang, M. Pimenta, E. P. Velikhov, B. Zimmermann, V. Plyaskin, Roald Z. Sagdeev, B. Meillon, H. S. Chen, L. Baldini, J. Casaus, A. Hasan, E. Riihonen, Mauro Menichelli, K. Karlamaa, A. Mihul, Giovanna Bruni, G. Kenney, N. Produit, D. Grandi, M. Ribordy, S. Urpo, W. J. Burger, Merja Tornikoski, Markus Cristinziani, G. Schwering, A. Pesci, I. Vetlitsky, L.G. Yan, I. D'Antone, Y. H. Chang, Tengfei Song, W.Q. Gu, B. Bertucci, D. Barancourt, N. Dinu, V. Commichau, G. Laborie, P. Crespo, Mao-Zhi Yang, J. J. Torsti, M. Jongmanns, Antonino Zichichi, Adrian Biland, V. Postolache, Peter H. Fisher, T. Eronen, C. Camps, J. Berdugo, N. Fouque, J. P. Da Cunha, Massimo Gervasi, J. Vandenhirtz, H. F. Chen, F. Barao, S. Blasko, Zhenyu Zhang, H.L. Zhuang, G. Viertel, E. Shoumilov, Jose Maria Kenny, W. Hungerford, F. Velcea, Y.L. Chuang, O. Grimm, J.L. Yan, K. Wiik, P. Bene, H. Suter, J.P. Richeux, Tzihong Chiueh, V. Hermel, M. Buenerd, Timo Laitinen, M. Capell, A. Papi, Eun-Suk Seo, M. Pauluzzi, R. Siedling, G. Fluegge, W.Z. Zhu, Giovanni Ambrosi, L. Ao, M. Bourquin, D. Ren, G. Lu, C. Maña, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, Felicitas Pauss, R. Kossakowski, A. Klimentov, G.S. Sun, A. Contin, Samuel C.C. Ting, M. A. Huang, M. J. Boschini, M. Basile, K. Hangarter, Roberto Battiston, A. Pevsner, D. Luckey, F. Mayet, Ciaran Williams, J. Ulbricht, A. Schultz von Dratzig, P. Yeh, G. Laurenti, Claudia Cecchi, S. Waldmeier Wicki, Hao Zhang, Z.G. Chen, S. X. Wu, J. Ritakari, X. D. Cai, J. Trümper, V. Shoutko, Inkyu Park, M. Steuer, P.C. Xia, S.W. Ye, C.L. Liu, L. Bellagamba, G. Lamanna, J. Engelberg, Xiao-Dong Tang, J. P. Vialle, K. Lübelsmeyer, G.P. Barreira, M. Ionica, P. Azzarello, Z. Z. Xu, V. Pojidaev, B. Verlaat, G. Sartorelli, P. Berges, Giuseppe Levi, Lu Yuzhang, Ari Mujunen, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, J. D. Burger, Frank Raupach, A. Mourao, J.D. Deus, L. Brocco, G. Boella, N.A. Chernoplekov, Anselmo Margotti, W. Kim, M. Kraeber, J. Favier, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Alcaraz, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Brocco, L, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cecchi, C, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Crespo, P, Cristinziani, M, Cunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimm, O, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Postolache, V, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Sartorelli, G, Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, and Zimmermann, B
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmic Rays, AMS, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, AMS-01, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, AMS, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Earth's orbit, Cosmic rays: leptons, Cosmic Rays, cosmic rays, AMS-01, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Earth's magnetic field, 13. Climate action, High Energy Physics::Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Lepton
Abstract: The lepton spectra in the kinetic energy ranges 0.2 to 40 GeV for e − and 0.2 to 3 GeV for e + were measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS–91 at altitudes near 380 km. From the origin of the leptons two distinct spectra were observed: a higher energy spectrum and a substantial second spectrum with positrons much more abundant than electrons. Tracing leptons from the second spectra shows that most of these leptons travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field and that the e + and e − originate from two complementary geographic regions.
Published: 2000

13. Helium in near earth orbit

Author: D. Vité, Peter H. Fisher, Yu. Galaktionov, J. Alcaraz, Roald Z. Sagdeev, D.X. Zhao, K. Karlamaa, A. Arefiev, S.W. Ye, E. Riihonen, W. Hungerford, M. A. Huang, R. R. McNeil, B. Meillon, V. Shoutko, G. Kenney, J. Ritakari, Y. H. Chang, J. Engelberg, C. Camps, G. Sartorelli, D. Barancourt, A. Mihul, Timo Laitinen, R. Ionica, Jorge Dias de Deus, W. Kim, H. von Gunten, P. G. Rancoita, V. Postolache, M. Pauluzzi, G. Lu, C. Maña, Werner Lustermann, Federico Cindolo, F. Mayet, G. Fluegge, Mao-Zhi Yang, D. Ren, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Barbier, W.Z. Zhu, W. J. Burger, A. Papi, J. Casaus, U. Roeser, M. Ribordy, G. Ambrosi, Y.L. Chuang, A. Contin, P. Levtchenko, M. Buenerd, X.W. Tang, M. Pimenta, W. Wallraff, T. S. Dai, F. Vezzu, B. Verlaat, Maria Ionica, G.S. Sun, Samuel C.C. Ting, Frank Raupach, E. Shoumilov, P. Berges, B.C. Wang, S. Urpo, Ari Mujunen, G. Bruni, H. Suter, P. Bene, Hengchang Liu, D. Rapin, C. Roissin, V. Plyaskin, G. Laurenti, S. Waldmeier Wicki, D. Grandi, A. Pevsner, Z. L. Ren, F. Velcea, Tao Song, G. Lamanna, M. J. Boschini, B. Bertucci, J. J. Torsti, Antonino Zichichi, Waclaw Karpinski, J. Berdugo, H. Anderhub, V. Commichau, R. Becker, Roberto Battiston, B. Alpat, N. Fouque, J.P. Richeux, Zhenghao Xu, M. Bourquin, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, E. Fiandrini, F. Palmonari, Yun Wang, G. Boella, P. Yeh, J.L. Yan, H.F. Chen, L. Brocco, Felicitas Pauss, L. Baldini, A. Pesci, H. S. Chen, J. Ulbricht, K. Wiik, R. Kossakowski, N.A. Chernoplekov, Nicolas Produit, K. Lübelsmeyer, S. X. Wu, M. Basile, P. Cannarsa, Hao Zhang, S. Blasko, M. Jongmanns, G. Castellini, E. P. Velikhov, B. Zimmermann, G.P. Barreira, K. Hangarter, H. L. Zhuang, Anselmo Margotti, Tzihong Chiueh, J. P. Da Cunha, Y.S. Lu, Inkyu Park, J.P. Vialle, Ciaran Williams, A. Klimentov, G. Laborie, L. Ao, M. Pohl, N. Dinu, Merja Tornikoski, Markus Cristinziani, M. Steuer, P.C. Xia, G. Viertel, D. Luckey, Jose Maria Kenny, J. Trümper, L. Djambazov, Paolo Zuccon, O. Grimm, T. Eronen, E. Babucci, U. Becker, I. Vetlitsky, S.C. Lee, Eun-Suk Seo, E. Perrin, M. Kraeber, F. J. Eppling, S. M. Ting, Changgen Yang, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, P. Giusti, Adrian Biland, G. Scolieri, G. Esposito, Z.R. Dong, Claudia Cecchi, Philipp Azzarello, I. Lopes, Massimo Gervasi, P. Emonet, S. Bizzaglia, Z.G. Chen, J. Favier, M. Capell, R. Siedling, X. D. Cai, C.L. Liu, L. Bellagamba, L.G. Yan, Ilya Usoskin, Jing Wang, J. Vandenhirtz, A. Hasan, Mauro Menichelli, G. Schwering, P. Extermann, W.Q. Gu, H. Hofer, F. Barao, V. Hermel, Zhidong Zhang, D. Casadei, I. D'Antone, Guohuai Zhu, J. D. Burger, A. Mourao, V. Pojidaev, Giuseppe Levi, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Alcaraz, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Brocco, L, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cecchi, C, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cristinziani, M, Cunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimm, O, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Pohl, M, Postolache, V, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Sartorelli, G, Schultz&nbsp, von&nbsp, Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zuccon, P, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Azzarello, Philipp, Bene, Pierre, Bourquin, Maurice, Cristinziani, Markus, Emonet, Pascal Philippe, Extermann, Pierre, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Produit, Nicolas, Rapin, Divic Jean, Ribordy, Mathieu, Richeux, Jean-Pierre, and Vite, Davide
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Earth's orbit, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Earth's magnetic field, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Atomic physics, Cosmic rays: helium, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Helium
Abstract: The helium spectrum from 0.1 to 100 GeV/nucleon was measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS-91 at altitudes near 380 km. Above the geomagnetic cutoff the spectrum is parameterized by a power law. Below the geomagnetic cutoff a second helium spectrum was observed. In the second helium spectra over the energy range 0.1 to 1.2 GeV/nucleon the flux was measured to be (6.3±0.9)×10 −3 ( m 2 sec sr ) −1 and more than ninety percent of the helium was determined to be 3He (at the 90% CL). Tracing helium from the second spectrum shows that about half of the 3He travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field and that they originate from restricted geographic regions similar to protons and positrons.
Published: 2000

14. Protons in near earth orbit

Author: J. Alcaraz, D. Alvisi, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, H. Anderhub, L. Ao, A. Arefiev, P. Azzarello, E. Babucci, L. Baldini, M. Basile, D. Barancourt, F. Barao, G. Barbier, G. Barreira, R. Battiston, R. Becker, U. Becker, L. Bellagamba, P. Béné, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, A. Biland, S. Bizzaglia, S. Blasko, G. Boella, M. Boschini, M. Bourquin, G. Bruni, M. Buenerd, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, R. Cavalletti, C. Camps, P. Cannarsa, M. Capell, D. Casadei, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, Y.H. Chang, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, Z.G. Chen, N.A. Chernoplekov, A. Chiarini, T.H. Chiueh, Y.L. Chuang, F. Cindolo, V. Commichau, A. Contin, A. Cotta–Ramusino, P. Crespo, M. Cristinziani, J.P. da Cunha, T.S. Dai, J.D. Deus, N. Dinu, L. Djambazov, I. D'Antone, Z.R. Dong, P. Emonet, J. Engelberg, F.J. Eppling, T. Eronen, G. Esposito, P. Extermann, J. Favier, C.C. Feng, E. Fiandrini, F. Finelli, P.H. Fisher, R. Flaminio, G. Fluegge, N. Fouque, Yu. Galaktionov, M. Gervasi, P. Giusti, D. Grandi, W.Q. Gu, K. Hangarter, A. Hasan, V. Hermel, H. Hofer, M.A. Huang, W. Hungerford, M. Ionica, R. Ionica, M. Jongmanns, K. Karlamaa, W. Karpinski, G. Kenney, J. Kenny, W. Kim, A. Klimentov, R. Kossakowski, V. Koutsenko, G. Laborie, T. Laitinen, G. Lamanna, G. Laurenti, A. Lebedev, S.C. Lee, G. Levi, P. Levtchenko, C.L. Liu, H.T. Liu, M. Lolli, I. Lopes, G. Lu, Y.S. Lu, K. Lübelsmeyer, D. Luckey, W. Lustermann, C. Maña, A. Margotti, F. Massera, F. Mayet, R.R. McNeil, B. Meillon, M. Menichelli, F. Mezzanotte, R. Mezzenga, A. Mihul, G. Molinari, A. Mourao, A. Mujunen, F. Palmonari, G. Pancaldi, A. Papi, I.H. Park, M. Pauluzzi, F. Pauss, E. Perrin, A. Pesci, A. Pevsner, R. Pilastrini, M. Pimenta, V. Plyaskin, V. Pojidaev, H. Postema, V. Postolache, E. Prati, N. Produit, P.G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, F. Raupach, S. Recupero, D. Ren, Z. Ren, M. Ribordy, J.P. Richeux, E. Riihonen, J. Ritakari, U. Roeser, C. Roissin, R. Sagdeev, D. Santos, G. Sartorelli, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E.S. Seo, V. Shoutko, E. Shoumilov, R. Siedling, D. Son, T. Song, M. Steuer, G.S. Sun, H. Suter, X.W. Tang, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, M. Tornikoski, G. Torromeo, J. Torsti, J. Trümper, J. Ulbricht, S. Urpo, I. Usoskin, E. Valtonen, J. Vandenhirtz, F. Velcea, E. Velikhov, B. Verlaat, I. Vetlitsky, F. Vezzu, J.P. Vialle, G. Viertel, D. Vité, H. Von Gunten, S. Waldmeier Wicki, W. Wallraff, B.C. Wang, J.Z. Wang, Y.H. Wang, K. Wiik, C. Williams, S.X. Wu, P.C. Xia, J.L. Yan, L.G. Yan, C.G. Yang, M. Yang, S.W. Ye, P. Yeh, Z.Z. Xu, H.Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, D.X. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, W.Z. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Alcaraz, J, Alvisi, D, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Cavalletti, R, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiarini, A, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cotta–ramusino, A, Crespo, P, Cristinziani, M, Cunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Feng, C, Fiandrini, E, Finelli, F, Fisher, P, Flaminio, R, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lolli, M, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Massera, F, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mezzanotte, F, Mezzenga, R, Mihul, A, Molinari, G, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Pancaldi, G, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pilastrini, R, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Postema, H, Postolache, V, Prati, E, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Recupero, S, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Santos, D, Sartorelli, G, Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torromeo, G, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, and Zichichi, A
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Space Shuttle, Astrophysics, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Cosmic rays, AMS, AMS, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Earth's orbit, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Earth's magnetic field, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, cosmic rays: protons, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The proton spectrum in the kinetic energy range 0.1 to 200 GeV was measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS-91 at an altitude of 380 km. Above the geomagnetic cutoff the observed spectrum is parameterized by a power law. Below the geomagnetic cutoff a substantial second spectrum was observed concentrated at equatorial latitudes with a flux ~ 70 m^-2 sec^-1 sr^-1. Most of these second spectrum protons follow a complicated trajectory and originate from a restricted geographic region., 19 pages, Latex, 7 .eps figures
Published: 2000

15. Relationships between radio and gamma-ray properties in active galactic nuclei

Author: K. Wiik, Esko Valtaoja, Harri Teräsranta, and Anne Lähteenmäki
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Synchrotron radiation, Astronomy, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Synchrotron, law.invention, law, Brightness temperature, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Flare
Abstract: We compare the Metsahovi 22 and 37 GHz total flux density variations of active galactic nuclei with EGRET Phase 1+2+3 gamma-ray data. There is a connection between the type of the source, the phase of the radio flare, the associated radio variability brightness temperature and the gamma-ray emission. It seems that the gamma emission originates within the same shocks which produce the synchrotron flares in radio—induced by the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism.
Published: 1997
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16. 22 GNz VLBI receiver at the Metsähovi Radio Research Station

Author: P. Jukkala, J. Peltonen, and K. Wiik
Subjects: Front and back ends, Engineering, Noise temperature, Optics, Preamplifier, business.industry, Local oscillator, MESFET, Frequency standard, Feed horn, business, Helium-3 refrigerator
Abstract: A dual channel, cooled low noise receiver at 22 GHz signal frequency has been designed and constructed. The noise temperature of the whole receiver measured in front of the feed horn is almost equal for both channels i.e. 60 K. The local oscillator system based originally on a 10 GHz MESFET DRO-stabilized oscil lator is phase locked using a highly stable 5 MHz maser frequency standard. The receiver has been already used successfully for several VLBI-observations at the Metsahovi Radio Research Station. The receiver consists of two separate parts: a cryogenically cooled front end containing a polarizer and two low noise HEMT preamplifiers and a dual channel, SSB-receiver operating at room temperature. The block diagram of the front end in a dewar (constructed of 15 mm thick aluminium sheets with glue joints) is shown in Figure 1. For cooling a helium refrigerator CTI Model M22 cold head and an air cooled compressor Model 8200 with cooling capacity of 1 W at 20 K is used. The signal is fed to a corrugated feed horn with a teflon lens. The horn mounting consists of a O-ring and it is rigidly screwed to the front wall of the dewar, the lens is attached to the surface of the horn with a vacuum tight connection. The polarizer input is a standard rectangular waveguide WR-42, thus a transition from a circular to rect angular waveguide is also needed.
Published: 1995
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17. Comparison of Total Flux and VLBI Properties of a Sample of 15 AGN at 22 GHz

Author: K. Wiik and E. Valtaoja
Subjects: Physics, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Flux, Astrophysics, Sample (graphics)
Abstract: A sample of 15 bright AGN has been observed at 22 GHz with two epoch global VLBI observations. The sample consists of all sources in the complete 2 Jy catalogue of Valtaoja et al. (1992) previously unobserved at 22 GHz VLBI. We have begun to investigate how much structural information can be derived just from total flux density (TFD) monitoring and how to use total flux density observations to complement space VLBI observations. As an example we present Doppler boosting factors derived in four different methods.
Published: 1998
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18. Enhanced oxygen exchange kinetics and long-term stability of a Ruddlesden–Popper phase Pr4Ni3O10+δ cathode for solid oxide fuel cells.

Author: Saher, Saim, Qamar, Affaq, Tan, Chou Yong, Ramesh, S., and Alfraidi, Walied
Abstract: This research explores the intricacies of oxygen exchange kinetics in Pr4Ni3O10+δ (PNO), aiming to assess its potential as a viable cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell applications. Utilizing a multifaceted approach, advanced techniques such as electrical conductivity relaxation, pulse isotopic exchange, and oxygen permeation are employed. A comparative analysis with other promising cathode materials, specifically La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF6428), reveals PNO superior performance. At 650 °C, PNO exhibits a chemical diffusion exchange coefficient, Dchem, and surface exchange coefficient, kchem, that are an order of magnitude higher than those of LSCF6428. Long-term stability assessment through 1000-h electrical conductivity relaxation testing at 700 °C confirms PNO consistent performance. Oxygen permeation studies reveal an inverse correlation between membrane thickness and the permeation rate. Notably, PNO demonstrates an impressive two-fold higher oxygen flux compared to LSCF6428. Furthermore, PNO maintains stable oxygen permeation over 1000 h at 700 °C, contrasting with an observed 11% degradation in LSCF6428. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses corroborate PNO stability, while secondary phase formation observed in LSCF6428 contributes to its degradation. The pulse isotopic exchange measurements conducted on the fractionated powder of PNO within the temperature range of 350–450 °C provide valuable insights into the surface exchange mechanism. These measurements reveal that at the highest oxygen partial pressure (pO2) values covered by the experiments, the relative rates of dissociative adsorption, ℜads, and oxygen incorporation, ℜinc, engage in competitive oxygen exchange dynamics. Conversely, at lower pO2 values, oxygen exchange is predominantly limited by ℜads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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19. A holistic approach to understanding structural, magneto-electronic, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of RhMnZ (Z = Si, Ge) half Heusler alloys.

Author: Gurunani, Bharti and Gupta, Dinesh C.
Abstract: This study thoroughly examines the structural, mechanical, thermal, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of RhMnZ (Z = Si, Ge) half-Heusler compounds, which feature 18 valence electrons. Using density functional theory (DFT) within the WIEN2k computational framework, the ground-state properties of these compounds were determined to establish a foundational understanding of their physical characteristics. To further assess their thermoelectric potential, the Boltzmann transport equation was applied with the constant relaxation time approximation, allowing for precise calculations of thermal and electrical conductivity. Results indicate that the lattice constants of RhMnSi and RhMnGe span from 5.6394 Å to 5.7447 Å, highlighting consistent crystalline structures that lack band gaps, confirming their metallic nature. Detailed elastic and thermodynamic evaluations demonstrate that these compounds are mechanically stable, displaying ductile and anisotropic behavior. The study further reveals that thermal properties, including specific heat and entropy, tend to increase with the atomic number of Z, suggesting that RhMnGe may have a slightly higher heat capacity compared to RhMnSi. For thermal conductivity estimation, Slack's model was employed, indicating that these compounds possess high lattice thermal conductivity—a crucial factor for thermoelectric materials. The substantial figure of merit (ZT) observed in these compounds, especially at elevated temperatures, points to their potential efficiency in thermoelectric applications. The combination of high thermal conductivity, favorable mechanical stability, and robust thermoelectric properties identifies RhMnZ compounds as promising candidates for use in energy conversion technologies, particularly where efficient heat-to-electricity conversion is needed. This study thus lays the groundwork for future applications of RhMnSi and RhMnGe in thermoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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20. Tuning charge transfer and magnetic properties in LaCoO3/LaMnO3/LaCoO3 trilayers by oxygen content.

Author: Tong, Ruixue, Shi, Lei, Zhao, Jiyin, Liu, Xuguang, Zhou, Shiming, Miao, Xianbing, Zhang, Jinhui, and Yang, Liping
Subjects: MAGNETIC properties, MAGNETIC structure, CHARGE transfer, OXYGEN, HEAT treatment, CRYSTAL structure
Abstract: In this manuscript, perovskite oxide LaCoO3/LaMnO3/LaCoO3 (LLL) trilayers and the single-layer LaMnO3 (LMO) and LaCoO3 (LCO) films are epitaxially grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by polymer-assisted deposition combining with heat treating in Ar, air, and O2 atmospheres, respectively. The crystal structure and magnetic properties are investigated. It is found that the responses of LMO and LCO films to oxygen content are different, and the magnetic property of LMO is more sensitivity to oxygen content than that of LCO. The oxygen content can directly affect the structure and magnetic properties of LMO and LCO layers, which, in turn, modulate the interfacial magnetic properties of the LLL trilayers through interlayer coupling. By comparison with the magnetic properties of the single-layer films, an abnormal ferromagnetic (FM) transition is found in the LLL trilayers at around 216 K, besides two known FM transitions corresponding to those in the LCO and LMO layers, respectively. It is suggested that the abnormal FM transition is attributed to Mn4+–O–Co2+ FM super-exchange interaction, which is induced by the charge transfer from Mn3+ to Co3+ ions and the interlayer coupling between the LMO and LCO layers. The interlayer coupling of the trilayers, including the interfacial coupling and the diffusion-induced inlayer coupling, dominates the interface properties, which are tuned by oxygen content-dependent charge transfer. The cooperative function of the orbital/charge structure and the interlayer coupling dominates the magnetic properties of the LLL trilayer under the tensile strain. These findings provide new avenues to regulate the electronic and magnetic states of perovskite oxide multilayers and another way to the development of multifunctional electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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21. Review of Design Routines of MXene Materials for Magnesium-Ion Energy Storage Device.

Author: Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Zhao L, Li Y, Qin X, Li J, Han W, and Wang L
Abstract: Renewable energy storage using electrochemical storage devices is extensively used in various field applications. High-power density supercapacitors and high-energy density rechargeable batteries are some of the most effective devices, while lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most common. Due to the scarcity of Li resources and serious safety concerns during the construction of LIBs, development of safer and cheaper technologies with high performance is warranted. Magnesium is one of the most abundant and replaceable elements on earth, and it is safe as it does not generate dendrite following cycling. However, the lack of suitable electrode materials remains a critical issue in developing electrochemical energy storage devices. 2D MXenes can be used to construct composites with different dimensions, owing to their suitable physicochemical properties and unique magnesium-ion adsorption structure. In this study, the construction strategies of MXene in different dimensions, including its physicochemical properties as an electrode material in magnesium ion energy storage devices are reviewed. Research advancements of MXene and MXene-based composites in various kinds of magnesium-ion storage devices are also analyzed to understand its energy storage mechanisms. Finally, current opportunities, challenges, and future prospects are also briefly discussed to provide crucial information for future research., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
Published: 2023
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22. The effect of mixed termination composition in Sc, Ti, and V-based MXenes.

Author: Novotný, Michal, Tkáčová, Karolína, and Karlický, František
Abstract: In this study, we investigate the effect of mixed surface terminations (F, O, OH) on the properties of M2C MXenes (M = Sc, Ti, V). We explore how different compositions and patterns of terminal groups affect the stability and electronic properties of these 2D materials. The bond dissociation energies and cohesion energies show a clear preference for F-terminations in Sc2C, while Ti- and V-based MXenes prefer O-terminations. Our study is the first to demonstrate that terminal groups on opposite sides of the MXene have little to no influence on each other's electronic structure, allowing for independent chemical environments on each side. In a first of its kind investigation semiconducting forms of studied MXenes (Sc2CF2, Sc2C(OH)2 and Ti2CO2) showed very high sensitivity to conduction-inducing terminations (O, O, and F, respectively) with even minuscule amounts (≈1%) causing the materials to become conductive. This high sensitivity of the band gap to surface terminations may offer an explanation for the challenges in synthesizing semiconducting forms of MXenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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23. Energetics of Buchdahl stars and the magnetic Penrose process.

Author: Shaymatov, Sanjar, Dadhich, Naresh, and Tursunov, Arman
Subjects: BLACK holes, ELECTROMAGNETIC fields, MAGNETIC fields, STELLAR magnetic fields, TOPOLOGY
Abstract: Buchdahl star is the most compact object without an event horizon and is an excellent candidate for a black hole mimicker. Unlike black holes, rotating Buchdahl star can be over-extremal with respect to the black hole, sustaining a larger spin. We show that it can also develop an ergosphere above the threshold spin β > 1 / 2 , which allows extraction of its rotational energy. Electromagnetic field around Buchdahl star is also expected to differ from that of black hole in both strength and topology. In this paper, we explore the energetics of Buchdahl star focusing on the magnetic Penrose process in the two magnetic field configurations, i.e., uniform and dipole. Below the threshold spin, Buchdahl star is expected to be quiet, while above the threshold it can be much more efficient than the black hole if a dipolar magnetic field is developed on its surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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24. Enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction activity of CuCo based hydroxides with V2CTx MXene.

Author: Schmiedecke, Bastian, Wu, Bing, Schultz, Thorsten, Emerenciano, Aline Alencar, Sharma, Namrata, Douglas-Henry, Danielle A., Koutsioukis, Apostolos, Görüryılmaz, Mehmet Turan, Nicolosi, Valeria, Petit, Tristan, Koch, Norbert, Sofer, Zdenek, and Browne, Michelle P.
Abstract: The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key reaction in the production of green hydrogen by water electrolysis. In alkaline media, the current state of the art catalysts used for the OER are based on non-noble metal oxides. However, despite their huge potential as OER catalysts, these materials exhibit various disadvantages including lack of stability and conductivity that hinder the wide-spread utilization of these materials in alkaline electrolyzer devices. This study highlights the innovative chemical functionalization of a mixed copper cobalt hydroxide with the V2CTx MXene to enhance the OER efficiency, addressing the need for effective electrocatalytic interfaces for sustainable hydrogen production. The herein synthesized CuCo@V2CTx electrocatalysts demonstrate remarkable activity, outperforming the pure CuCo catalysts for the OER and moreover show increased efficiency after 12 hours of continuous operation. This strategic integration improved the water oxidation performance of the pure oxide material by improving the composite's hydrophilicity, charge transfer properties and ability to hinder Cu leaching. The materials were characterized using an array of materials characterization techniques to help decipher both structure of the composite materials after synthesis and to elucidate the reasoning for the OER enhancement for the composites. This work demonstrates the significant potential of TMO-based nanomaterials combined with V2CTx for advanced innovative electrocatalytic interfaces in energy conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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25. Effects of interlayer space engineering and surface modification on the charge storage mechanisms of MXene nanomaterials: A review on recent developments.

Author: Bandpey, Mohammad and Barz, Dominik P. J.
Published: 2024
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26. An Empirical Linear Model for Water Quality Management: Pilot Study for Four Regions in the Ruhr Basin

Author: K. Wiik and R. Thoss
Subjects: Geography, Work (electrical), Linear model, Structural basin, Civil engineering, Regional income, Environmental planning, Water quality management
Abstract: The last few years have seen a lively theoretical discussion on problems of the environment and on quantitative economics during which time important advances have been made. The authors have included some of the most important results of this work in the following model in an attempt to formulate practical guide-lines for the planning of the environment. Since we wish to apply the results of this debate to practical planning problems, we have omitted many of the refinements that have been suggested in the theoretical literature because we cannot yet meet the data and computing requirements which would be involved if we included all (the nevertheless relevant) aspects of environmental problems.
Published: 1974
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27. Connection between parsec-scale radio jet and gamma-ray flares in the blazar 1156+295

Author: E. N. Kopatskaya, E. Nieppola, Jonathan León-Tavares, Alan P. Marscher, Iván Agudo, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Joni Tammi, E. Valtaoja, Merja Tornikoski, Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn, Ian M. McHardy, Sol N. Molina, Ivan S. Troitsky, Carolina Casadio, Anne Lähteenmäki, Margo F. Aller, Nicholas R. MacDonald, José L. Gómez, V. Ramakrishnan, Elena G. Larionova, Brian W. Taylor, Tatiana S. Konstantinova, N. Lavonen, L. V. Larionova, Mark Gurwell, Manasvita Joshi, Daria A. Morozova, Elizaveta Rastorgueva-Foi, Dmitry A. Blinov, Emilia Järvelä, Valeri M. Larionov, N. V. Efimova, and K. Wiik
Subjects: Physics, Connection (fibred manifold), Jet (fluid), Scale (ratio), Gamma ray, Astrophysics, Blazar, Parsec

28. Studying the continuum spectrum of the parsec scale jets by multi-frequency VLBI measurements

Author: E. Valtaoja, K. Wiik, Tuomas Savolainen, and Merja Tornikoski
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Plasma, Electron, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Broadband, Very-long-baseline interferometry, A priori and a posteriori, Spatial frequency
Abstract: Multi-frequency VLBI observations allow studies of the continuum spectrum in the different parts of the parsec scale jets of AGN, providing information on the physical properties of the plasma and magnetic fields in them. Since VLBI networks cannot be scaled, the range of spatial frequencies observed differs significantly between the different observing frequencies, which makes it difficult to obtain a broadband spectrum of the individual emission features in the jet. In this paper we discuss a model-fitting based spectral extraction method, which can significantly relieve this problem. The method uses a priori knowledge of the source structure, measured at high frequencies, to allow at lower frequencies the derivation of the sizes and flux densities of even those emission features that have mutual separations significantly less than the Rayleigh limit at the given frequency. We have successfully used this method in the analysis of 5-86 GHz VLBA data of 3C273. The spectra and sizes of several individual jet features were measured, thus allowing derivation of the magnetic flux density and the energy density of the relativistic electrons in the different parts of the jet. We discuss the results, which include e.g. a detection of a strong gradient in the magnetic field across the jet of 3C273., To appear in the proceedings of the 9th European VLBI Network Symposium: "The role of VLBI in the Golden Age for Radio Astronomy"

29. The Cost of Mitigating Climate Change by Building with Renewable Materials.

Author: Schneider-Marin, P and Arendt, R
Published: 2024
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30. Understanding the transport properties of perovskite compounds as a function of temperature, frequency and DC-bias voltage using experimental measurements and appropriate theoretical models.

Author: Hizi, W., Rahmouni, H., and Khirouni, K.
Abstract: The present paper provides interesting measurements and methodologies to investigate the key factors controlling the electrical response of perovskite systems. The studied system was successfully prepared using a solid-state route. The chemical analysis and the X-ray diffraction results confirm the formation of the desired perovskite phase. As a result, the DC-resistivity analysis shows that the transport properties are governed by hopping mechanisms above the transition temperature. In this case, thermal agitation allows the charge-carriers to hop across the insulating barrier in the form of grain boundaries. Then, the dominance of the grain boundary contribution is proved. AC-resistivity spectra are investigated in terms of numerous power laws (UDR, SPL and NCL). Accordingly, the decrease in the resistivity values at high frequencies is explained through hopping and tunneling processes. Indeed, it is proved that the electrical transport phenomena are governed by QMT and CBH models. The coexistence of direct (C–C) and indirect (C–A–C) interactions explains the multi-behavior of the AC-resistivity. The scaling representation displays a single muster curve describing the universal dynamic response (UDR). Thus, it reveals the universality of the electrical resistivity of the system. However, the double Schottky barrier model is used to explain the grain boundary effects. A critical frequency "νc" is detected under temperature and DC-bias voltage effects. These observations disclose, in a different way, the separate contributions of the electro-active regions of the sample in the conduction phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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31. Highly Oxygen-Deficient Topotactic BaBixCo1−xO3−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) Perovskites with Enhanced Oxygen Dynamics for High Temperature Thermoelectric Applications.

Author: Nedunchezhian, A. S. Alagar, Sidharth, D., Rajkumar, R., Yalini devi, N., Ismail, M. Mohamed, Arivanandhan, M., Sarris, I., Anbalagan, G., and Jayavel, R.
Subjects: TRANSITION metal oxides, SEEBECK coefficient, THERMAL conductivity, ELECTRICAL resistivity, THERMAL stability, THERMOELECTRIC materials
Abstract: Oxygen stoichiometry plays a vital role in determining the physical properties of transition metal oxides (TMOs) and their suitability for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. In the present study, oxygen-deficient BaBixCo1–xO3–δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) perovskite samples were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural analysis revealed the formation of oxygen-deficient phases with hexagonal structures. Morphological analysis showed significant changes in the size and interlayer growth of these phases with various levels of bismuth (Bi) substitution. The high thermal stability of the samples was confirmed by TGA. The binding state and composition of the samples were analysed by XPS. Thermoelectric studies were performed, and the results indicated that the electrical resistivity (ρ) decreased with temperature, indicating the semiconducting behavior of the samples. The Seebeck coefficient (S) increased for the samples with higher Bi content due to energy filtering effect. The sample with x value of 0.1 shows a high-power factor of 0.001 µWK− 2m– 1 at 600 K compared to other samples. The experimental findings demonstrated that the oxygen deficient BaBixCo1–xO3 – δ perovskite material exhibited high thermoelectric performance compared to the sample with mixed phase. Furthermore, Bi substitution was found to be a promising strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric performance, with specific compositions showing great potential for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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32. Recent trends and future perspectives of thermoelectric materials and their applications.

Author: Baskaran, Pavithra and Rajasekar, Mani
Published: 2024
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33. Transport in Mn spinel oxides alloyed with Zn–Ni: Polaron hopping in an inhomogeneous energy landscape.

Author: Katerinopoulou, Dimitra, Pervolarakis, Emmanouil, Papakonstantinopoulos, Charalampos, Malič, Barbara, Gelinck, Gerwin H., Kiriakidis, George, Łodziana, Zbigniew, Remediakis, Ioannis N., and Iliopoulos, Eleftherios
Subjects: SPINEL, ZINC alloys, TERNARY alloys, MANGANESE oxides, DENSITY functional theory, OXIDES, TRANSITION metal oxides
Abstract: Electronic transport in transition metal spinel oxides is associated with small polaron hopping, either nearest-neighbor, resulting in Arrhenius activated conductivity, or variable energy, leading to a sub-Arrhenius relationship, with the conductivity logarithm being a convex function of inverse temperature. For the case of manganese spinel oxides alloyed with zinc and nickel, instances of super-Arrhenius behavior are measured, with the conductivity logarithm functional dependence on temperature deviating quadratically. Here, we study the transport in Zn0.5NixMn2.5−xO4 ternary oxide pellets, as a function of Ni content in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.25, in combination with structural characterization and theoretical investigations of their electronic and structural properties using density functional theory. The coexistence of cubic spinel and tetragonal Hausmannite structures is revealed along with the presence of various magnetic conformations that are metastable at room temperature. For systems where metastable structures exist, having similar formation energy but different electronic structures, conductivity is a non-trivial function of temperature. Considering nearest-neighbor polaron transfer in such an energetically inhomogeneous landscape, a new hopping mechanism model is proposed which consistently describes the temperature dependence of conductivity in this ternary alloy spinel oxide system. Understanding the underlying physical transport mechanism is vital for sensor, electrochemical, and catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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34. Large thermopower in novel thermoelectric Yb(Si1−xGex)2 induced by valence fluctuation.

Author: Nishide, Akinori, Tanusilp, Sora-at, Kowa, Wataru, Yashima, Mitsuharu, Nambu, Akira, Hayakawa, Jun, Ohishi, Yuji, Muta, Hiroaki, Mukuda, Hidekazu, and Kurosaki, Ken
Subjects: VALENCE fluctuations, THERMOELECTRIC materials, KONDO effect, ENERGY harvesting, ELECTRIC conductivity, THERMOELECTRIC power, SEEBECK coefficient, YTTERBIUM
Abstract: Ytterbium silicide-based thermoelectric materials have attracted attention because they exhibit large power factors owing to large absolute values of their Seebeck coefficient as well as high electrical conductivity. Here, we demonstrate that, in the Yb(Si1−xGex)2 system, by controlling the valence fluctuation, we combine two phenomena, namely, the Kondo effect and suppression of the spin fluctuation. This leads to a large density of states and the suppression of the spin fluctuation of the 4f electrons, thereby resulting in a high Seebeck coefficient with extremely low resistivity. Consequently, Yb(Si0.5Ge0.5)2 exhibits a high-power factor of 8.4 mW K−2 m−1, which makes energy harvesting from a cold source a practical possibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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35. Pillar-Structured Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with Engineered Interlayer Spacing for High-Performance Magnesium Batteries.

Author: Raisi B, Liu X, Rahmatinejad J, and Ye Z
Abstract: Two-dimentional (2D) Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene has attracted significant attention in non-lithium-ion batteries due to its excellent electrical conductivity, high volumetric capacity, and ability to accommodate intercalants. Rechargeable magnesium batteries with Mg metal anodes are noted for their high theoretical energy density, potential safety, earth abundance, dendrite-free Mg 2+ plating/stripping mechanism on the anode side, and low cost. Nevertheless, owing to the large polarity of divalent Mg 2+ ions, the insertion of Mg 2+ into the MXene layers suffers from sluggish kinetics, limiting the performance for storage of Mg 2+ ions. Herein, a simple self-assembly strategy is demonstrated to achieve high magnesium ion storage capability with pillar-structured Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene by intercalating a hyperbranched polyethylene ionomer containing quaternary ammonium ions. The ionomer intercalation/modification leads to the expansion of interlayer spacing of the MXene and, meanwhile, improves its affinity to low-polarity THF-based electrolyte. The delaminated ionomer-modified MXene shows significantly improved electrochemical performance as a cathode material for Mg batteries. It shows a promising cycling stability with a capacity retention of 86% after 400 cycles at 200 mA g -1 , as well as outstanding high-rate performance with a capacity of 110 mAh g -1 retained at 1,000 mA g -1 relative to 213 mAh g -1 at 20 mA g -1 ., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
Published: 2024
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36. Recent Advances in Barium Cobaltite-Based Perovskite Oxides as Cathodes for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

Author: Song Y, Yi Y, Ran R, Zhou W, and Wang W
Abstract: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are considered as advanced energy conversion technologies due to the high efficiency, fuel flexibility, and all-solid structure. Nevertheless, their widespread applications are strongly hindered by the high operational temperatures, limited material selection choices, inferior long-term stability, and relatively high costs. Therefore, reducing operational temperatures of SOFCs to intermediate-temperature (IT, 500-800 °C) range can remarkably promote the practical applications by enabling the use of low-cost materials and enhancing the cell stability. Nevertheless, the conventional cathodes for high-temperature SOFCs display inferior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at reduced temperatures. Barium cobaltite (BaCoO 3-δ )-based perovskite oxides are regarded as promising cathodes for IT-SOFCs because of the high free lattice volume and large oxygen vacancy content. However, BaCoO 3-δ -based perovskite oxides suffer from poor structural stability, inferior thermal compatibility, and insufficient ionic conductivity. Herein, an in-time review about the recent advances in BaCoO 3-δ -based cathodes for IT-SOFCs is presented by emphasizing the material design strategies including functional/selectively doping, deficiency control, and (nano)composite construction to enhance the ORR activity/durability and thermal compatibility. Finally, the currently existed challenges and future research trends are presented. This review will provide valuable insights for the development of BaCoO 3-δ -based electrocatalysts for various energy conversion/storage technologies., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
Published: 2024
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37. Recent Progress in the Applications of MXene-Based Materials in Multivalent Ion Batteries.

Author: Fu W, Aizudin M, Lee PS, and Ang EH
Abstract: Multivalent-ion batteries have garnered significant attention as promising alternatives to traditional lithium-ion batteries due to their higher charge density and potential for sustainable energy storage solutions. Nevertheless, the slow diffusion of multivalent ions is the primary issue with electrode materials for multivalent-ion batteries. In this review, the suitability of MXene-based materials for multivalent-ion batteries applications is explored, focusing onions such as magnesium (Mg 2+ ), aluminum (Al 3+ ), zinc (Zn 2+ ), and beyond. The unique structure of MXene offers large interlayer spacing and abundant surface functional groups that facilitates efficient ion intercalation and diffusion, making it an excellent candidate for multivalent-ion batteries electrodes with excellent specific capacity and power density. The latest advancements in MXene synthesis and engineering techniques to enhance its electrochemical performance have been summarized and discussed. With the versatility of MXenes and their ability to harness diverse multivalent ions, this review underscores the promising future of MXene-based materials in revolutionizing the landscape of multivalent-ion batteries., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
Published: 2024
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38. Scope, evaluation and current perspectives of MXene synthesis strategies for state of the art applications.

Author: Abid, Muhammad Zeeshan, Rafiq, Khezina, Aslam, Anam, Jin, Rongchao, and Hussain, Ejaz
Abstract: MXenes have garnered considerable attention as 2D functional materials. Their application in advanced applications is linked to synthetic approaches, terminal groups (＝O, –OH, and –F etc.) and multiple characteristics. Functionality and control over MXene terminations are important factors. MXenes exhibit a regular planar structure, conductivity, tuneable fabrication and structural modifications, as well as superior optical, thermal, and chemical properties. These exceptional characteristics grant MXenes and their derivatives distinction among 2D materials. MXenes have practical applications in energy conversion/storage, catalysis, sensing, water purification, drug delivery, and cancer treatments. Recent advances, with a primary focus on MXenes synthesis and terminations linked to their method of preparation, are the focus of this review. We offer potential solutions to the challenges faced by researchers during MXene synthesis. We describe the advantages, drawbacks, and mechanism associated with MXene fabrications and developments. Despite significant progress on MXene-oriented research, several challenges must be addressed before practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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39. Co‐Fired Multilayer Thermoelectric Generators Based on Textured Calcium Cobaltite.

Author: Bresch, Sophie, Stargardt, Patrick, Moos, Ralf, and Mieller, Björn
Subjects: THERMOELECTRIC generators, ELECTRIC power, ENERGY harvesting, WASTE heat, POWER density, POTENTIAL energy
Abstract: Thermoelectric generators are very attractive devices for waste heat energy harvesting as they transform a temperature difference into electrical power. However, commercially available generators show poor power density and limited operation temperatures. Research focuses on high‐temperature materials and innovative generator designs. Finding the optimal design for a given material system is challenging. Here, a theoretical framework is provided that allows appropriate generator design selection based on the particular material properties. For high‐temperature thermoelectric oxides, it can be clearly deduced that unileg multilayer generators have the highest potential for effective energy harvesting. Based on these considerations, prototype unileg multilayer generators from the currently best thermoelectric oxide Ca3Co4O9 are manufactured for the first time by industrially established ceramic multilayer technology. These generators exhibit a power density of 2.2 mW cm−2 at a temperature difference of 260 K, matching simulated values and confirming the suitability of the technology. Further design improvements increase the power density by a factor of 22 to facilitate practicable power output at temperature differences as low as 7 K. This work demonstrates that reasonable energy harvesting at elevated temperatures is possible with oxide materials and appropriate multilayer design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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40. TEDARİK ZİNCİRLERİNDE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR RİSK YÖNETİMİ: ÇEVRESEL, SOSYAL VE JEOPOLİTİK RİSKLERİ AZALTMA STRATEJİLERİ.

Author: KAZAN, Gülçin and KOCAMIŞ, Tuğçe UZUN
Abstract: Copyright of Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management is the property of Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2024
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41. Segregation and interdiffusion processes in perovskites: a review of recent advances.

Author: Porotnikova, Natalia and Osinkin, Denis
Abstract: High-temperature devices are eco-friendly devices with the potential to become efficient systems for energy conversion and storage. The stability of components within solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers is related to their external operating conditions. The development of robust technologies that select suitable formulations to satisfy operational requirements is a critical issue. The segregation of cations on the surface, particularly of strontium at oxygen electrodes, exsolution of metal particles on anode electrodes, and ion interdiffusion in interlayer regions have a key influence. The segregation and interdiffusion of ions in electrochemical cell materials are critical to the chemical activity and stability of materials, as thermally induced chemical restructuring shapes their microstructure and morphology. The chemical composition of materials is affected by the redistribution of elements between different layers, surface segregation, and metal exsolution. This, in turn, contributes to the formation of low-conducting phases and poisoning phases. In recent years, computational methods and advanced technologies have enabled high-sensitivity examination of the microstructure of ceramic surfaces in the near-surface region. The literature review centers on recent advancements in the study of segregation processes. It covers theoretical calculations and modeling, segregation processes in single crystal and polycrystalline samples, the impact of polarization on cation mass transfer, interdiffusion processes, the influence of atmospheres on the process rates, and the exsolution processes of metal nanoparticles in reducing atmospheres or stepwise exsolution processes in oxidizing atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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42. Exploration of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Silicone Breast Implant Rupture Detection and Classification.

Author: Kim, Jae-Hong, Kim, Yun-Gyoung, Song, Keun-Yeong, Lim, Hyung-Guhn, Jeong, Jeong-Pil, Sung, Jung-Youp, Lee, Angela-Soeun, and Park, Heung-Kyu
Subjects: BREAST implants, BREAST ultrasound, POINT-of-care testing, ULTRASONIC imaging, EARLY diagnosis, CLASSIFICATION
Abstract: Background and Objectives: The surge in breast-related surgeries in Korea underscores the critical need for an accurate early diagnosis of silicone breast implant-related issues. Complications such as BIA-ALCL and BIA-SCC add complexity to breast health concerns, necessitating vigilant monitoring. Despite advancements, discrepancies persist between ultrasonographic and pathologic classifications of silicone implant ruptures, highlighting a need for enhanced diagnostic tools. This study explores the reliability of ultrasonography in diagnosing silicone breast implant ruptures and determining the extent of silicone migration, specifically with a focus on guiding potential capsulectomy based on pathology. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of medical records encompassing 5557 breast implants across 2790 patients who underwent ultrasound-assisted examinations was conducted. Among the screened implants, 8.9% (249 cases) were diagnosed with silicone breast implant rupture through ultrasonography. Subsequently, 89 women underwent revisional surgery, involving capsulectomy. The pathological analysis of 111 periprosthetic capsules from these cases aimed to assess the extent of silicone migration, and the findings were juxtaposed with the existing ultrasonographic rupture classification. Results: The diagnostic agreement between preoperative sonography and postoperative findings reached 100% for silicone breast implant ruptures. All eighty prosthetic capsules exhibiting a snowstorm sign in ultrasonography demonstrated silicone migration to capsules upon pathologic findings. Conclusions: High-resolution ultrasonography emerged as a valuable and reliable imaging modality for diagnosing silicone breast implant ruptures, with a notable ability to ascertain the extent of free silicone migration to capsules. This diagnostic precision is pivotal in informing decisions about potential capsulectomy during revisional surgery. The study advocates for an update to the current binary ultrasonographic classification, suggesting a more nuanced categorization into three types (subcapsular, intracapsular, and extracapsular) based on pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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43. Observational constraints on the optical and near-infrared emission from the neutron star-black hole binary merger S190814bv

Author: F. D'Ammando, Mattia Bulla, A. Fiore, P. T. O'Brien, Patricia Schady, T. Heikkilä, Matt Nicholl, Giorgos Leloudas, K. C. Chambers, Luciano Nicastro, Riccardo Ciolfi, Michela Mapelli, Armin Rest, R. Cutter, Tassilo Schweyer, J. Gillanders, G. De Cesare, Lorenzo Amati, L. Nuttal, Lána Salmon, Nancy Elias-Rosa, O. McBrien, A. Grado, David Alexander Kann, Ruben Salvaterra, P. D'Avanzo, M. T. Botticella, Johan P. U. Fynbo, M. G. Bernardini, Francesco Longo, Danny Steeghs, S. X. Yi, Peter G. Jonker, Eliana Palazzi, Y. D. Hu, Zhi-Ping Jin, Seppo Mattila, A. Gomboc, G. Ghirlanda, Alexis Coleiro, Sylvain Chaty, S. Yang, Elizabeth R. Stanway, D. R. Young, Rubina Kotak, Luca Izzo, Franz E. Bauer, Massimo Turatto, Christa Gall, A. Melandri, Eric Thrane, S. R. Oates, Francesca Onori, S. Srivastav, M. Branchesi, Michael S. Smith, Christopher W. Stubbs, Vincenzo Testa, Anders Jerkstrand, J. Japelj, Carlos González-Fernández, Elena Pian, Lluís Galbany, Luca Sbordone, Enrico Cappellaro, A. Possenti, Paul J. Groot, S. Rosetti, L. Denneau, Mark Kennedy, Jesper Sollerman, Klaas Wiersema, Chris M. Copperwheat, Cosimo Inserra, Kasper E. Heintz, E. C. Kool, M. de Pasquale, G. Greco, Krzysztof Ulaczyk, Daniel A. Perley, Om Sharan Salafia, Eugene A. Magnier, T. M. Reynolds, Andrew J. Levan, A. J. van der Horst, G. Stratta, B. Milvang-Jensen, Erkki Kankare, Darach Watson, B. Patricelli, N. B. Sabha, T. W. Chen, Kendall Ackley, Maria Letizia Pumo, Nial R. Tanvir, P. A. Evans, Michał J. Michałowski, S. Klose, R. L. C. Starling, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Sandra Savaglio, J. Quirola-Vásquez, Martin J. Dyer, Pietro Schipani, K. W. Smith, Lukasz Wyrzykowski, M. Della Valle, G. Pignata, S. D. Vergani, Jens Hjorth, A. S. B. Schultz, Mariusz Gromadzki, Saran Poshyachinda, Santiago González-Gaitán, Eugenio Maiorano, D. K. Galloway, Cesare Barbieri, V. D'Elia, Andrea Rossi, G. Ramsay, Seung-Lee Kim, Kornpob Bhirombhakdi, V. S. Dhillon, Enzo Brocato, Ilya Mandel, S. Benetti, J. D. Lyman, Sergio Campana, Fedor Getman, A. Sagués Carracedo, Kate Maguire, Arne Rau, A. S. Fruchter, John L. Tonry, B. P. Gompertz, Hanindyo Kuncarayakti, Kaj Wiik, Morgan Fraser, N. A. Walton, Stephan Rosswog, M. A.P. Torres, Claudia P. Gutiérrez, F. Ragosta, S. Piranomonte, A. Nicuesa Guelbenzu, S. H. Bruun, T. B. Lowe, M. E. Huber, S. J. Smartt, Gavin P. Lamb, S. Moran, Albino Perego, R. Eyles-Ferris, Stefano Covino, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica [Santiago], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, Aberystwyth University, AUTRES, Dark Cosmology Centre (DARK), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Physics [Pittsburgh], Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Ljubljana] (FMF), University of Ljubljana, Department of Physics [Denver], University of Colorado [Denver], Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy (SUPA), University of Edinburgh, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos [Argentine] (UNER), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano (IASF-MI), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), INAF-IASF Milano, Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota System, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Astronomical Observatory [Warsaw], Faculty of Physics [Warsaw] (FUW), University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, UniVersity, Nano Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong UniVersity of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of Milan, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ackley, K., Amati, L., Barbieri, C., Bauer, F. E., Benetti, S., Bernardini, M. G., Bhirombhakdi, K., Botticella, M. T., Branchesi, M., Brocato, E., Bruun, S. H., Bulla, M., Campana, S., Cappellaro, E., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chambers, K. C., Chaty, S., Chen, T. -W., Ciolfi, R., Coleiro, A., Copperwheat, C. M., Covino, S., Cutter, R., D'Ammando, F., D'Avanzo, P., De Cesare, G., D'Elia, V., Della Valle, M., Denneau, L., De Pasquale, M., Dhillon, V. S., Dyer, M. J., Elias-Rosa, N., Evans, P. A., Eyles-Ferris, R. A. J., Fiore, A., Fraser, M., Fruchter, A. S., Fynbo, J. P. U., Galbany, L., Gall, C., Galloway, D. K., Getman, F. I., Ghirlanda, G., Gillanders, J. H., Gomboc, A., Gompertz, B. P., Gonzalez-Fernandez, C., Gonzalez-Gaitan, S., Grado, A., Greco, G., Gromadzki, M., Groot, P. J., Gutierrez, C. P., Heikkila, T., Heintz, K. E., Hjorth, J., Hu, Y. -D., Huber, M. E., Inserra, C., Izzo, L., Japelj, J., Jerkstrand, A., Jin, Z. P., Jonker, P. G., Kankare, E., Kann, D. A., Kennedy, M., Kim, S., Klose, S., Kool, E. C., Kotak, R., Kuncarayakti, H., Lamb, G. P., Leloudas, G., Levan, A. J., Longo, F., Lowe, T. B., Lyman, J. D., Magnier, E., Maguire, K., Maiorano, E., Mandel, I., Mapelli, M., Mattila, S., Mcbrien, O. R., Melandri, A., Michalowski, M. J., Milvang-Jensen, B., Moran, S., Nicastro, L., Nicholl, M., Nicuesa Guelbenzu, A., Nuttal, L., Oates, S. R., O'Brien, P. T., Onori, F., Palazzi, E., Patricelli, B., Perego, A., Torres, M. A. P., Perley, D. A., Pian, E., Pignata, G., Piranomonte, S., Poshyachinda, S., Possenti, A., Pumo, M. L., Quirola-Vasquez, J., Ragosta, F., Ramsay, G., Rau, A., Rest, A., Reynolds, T. M., Rosetti, S. S., Rossi, A., Rosswog, S., Sabha, N. B., Sagues Carracedo, A., Salafia, O. S., Salmon, L., Salvaterra, R., Savaglio, S., Sbordone, L., Schady, P., Schipani, P., Schultz, A. S. B., Schweyer, T., Smartt, S. J., Smith, K. W., Smith, M., Sollerman, J., Srivastav, S., Stanway, E. R., Starling, R. L. C., Steeghs, D., Stratta, G., Stubbs, C. W., Tanvir, N. R., Testa, V., Thrane, E., Tonry, J. L., Turatto, M., Ulaczyk, K., Van Der Horst, A. J., Vergani, S. D., Walton, N. A., Watson, D., Wiersema, K., Wiik, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Yang, S., Yi, S. -X., Young, D. R., National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Hawaii, Queen's University Belfast, Space Telescope Science Institute (US), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, University of Portsmouth, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (Chile), Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Danish National Research Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Villum Fonden, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Low Energy Astrophysics (API, FNWI), and API Other Research (FNWI)
Subjects: Astronomy, ELECTROMAGNETIC COUNTERPARTS, Supernovae: general, general [Supernovae], Binary number, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, GW170817, neutron, Supernovae: general [Gravitational waves, Stars], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, [PHYS]Physics [physics], HAWK-I, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], EJECTA, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SOURCE, ST/P000495/1, Space Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gravitational wave, astro-ph.SR, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), MASS, NO, GAMMA-RAY BURST, Gravitational waves, 0103 physical sciences, ST/T007184/1, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), STFC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Near-infrared spectroscopy, KILONOVA, RCUK, Stars: neutron, Astronomy and Astrophysics, neutron [Stars], R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, EVOLUTION, Black hole, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ST/P000312/1, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gravitational waves, Stars: neutron, Supernovae: general
Abstract: Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.--Full list of authors: Ackley, K.; Amati, L.; Barbieri, C.; Bauer, F. E.; Benetti, S.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bhirombhakdi, K.; Botticella, M. T.; Branchesi, M.; Brocato, E.; Bruun, S. H.; Bulla, M.; Campana, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Chambers, K. C.; Chaty, S.; Chen, T. -W.; Ciolfi, R.; Coleiro, A.; Copperwheat, C. M.; Covino, S.; Cutter, R.; D'Ammando, F.; D'Avanzo, P.; De Cesare, G.; D'Elia, V.; Della Valle, M.; Denneau, L.; De Pasquale, M.; Dhillon, V. S.; Dyer, M. J.; Elias-Rosa, N.; Evans, P. A.; Eyles-Ferris, R. A. J.; Fiore, A.; Fraser, M.; Fruchter, A. S.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Galbany, L.; Gall, C.; Galloway, D. K.; Getman, F. I.; Ghirlanda, G.; Gillanders, J. H.; Gomboc, A.; Gompertz, B. P.; González-Fernández, C.; González-Gaitán, S.; Grado, A.; Greco, G.; Gromadzki, M.; Groot, P. J.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Heikkilä, T.; Heintz, K. E.; Hjorth, J.; Hu, Y. -D.; Huber, M. E.; Inserra, C.; Izzo, L.; Japelj, J.; Jerkstrand, A.; Jin, Z. P.; Jonker, P. G.; Kankare, E.; Kann, D. A.; Kennedy, M.; Kim, S.; Klose, S.; Kool, E. C.; Kotak, R.; Kuncarayakti, H.; Lamb, G. P.; Leloudas, G.; Levan, A. J.; Longo, F.; Lowe, T. B.; Lyman, J. D.; Magnier, E.; Maguire, K.; Maiorano, E.; Mandel, I.; Mapelli, M.; Mattila, S.; McBrien, O. R.; Melandri, A.; Michałowski, M. J.; Milvang-Jensen, B.; Moran, S.; Nicastro, L.; Nicholl, M.; Nicuesa Guelbenzu, A.; Nuttal, L.; Oates, S. R.; O'Brien, P. T.; Onori, F.; Palazzi, E.; Patricelli, B.; Perego, A.; Torres, M. A. P.; Perley, D. A.; Pian, E.; Pignata, G.; Piranomonte, S.; Poshyachinda, S.; Possenti, A.; Pumo, M. L.; Quirola-Vásquez, J.; Ragosta, F.; Ramsay, G.; Rau, A.; Rest, A.; Reynolds, T. M.; Rosetti, S. S.; Rossi, A.; Rosswog, S.; Sabha, N. B.; Sagués Carracedo, A.; Salafia, O. S.; Salmon, L.; Salvaterra, R.; Savaglio, S.; Sbordone, L.; Schady, P.; Schipani, P.; Schultz, A. S. B.; Schweyer, T.; Smartt, S. J.; Smith, K. W.; Smith, M.; Sollerman, J.; Srivastav, S.; Stanway, E. R.; Starling, R. L. C.; Steeghs, D.; Stratta, G.; Stubbs, C. W.; Tanvir, N. R.; Testa, V.; Thrane, E.; Tonry, J. L.; Turatto, M.; Ulaczyk, K.; van der Horst, A. J.; Vergani, S. D.; Walton, N. A.; Watson, D.; Wiersema, K.; Wiik, K.; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Yang, S.; Yi, S. -X.; Young, D. R., Context. Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has rapidly reached maturity, becoming a fundamental observing window for modern astrophysics. The coalescences of a few tens of black hole (BH) binaries have been detected, while the number of events possibly including a neutron star (NS) is still limited to a few. On 2019 August 14, the LIGO and Virgo interferometers detected a high-significance event labelled S190814bv. A preliminary analysis of the GW data suggests that the event was likely due to the merger of a compact binary system formed by a BH and a NS. Aims. In this paper, we present our extensive search campaign aimed at uncovering the potential optical and near infrared electromagnetic counterpart of S190814bv. We found no convincing electromagnetic counterpart in our data. We therefore use our non-detection to place limits on the properties of the putative outflows that could have been produced by the binary during and after the merger. Methods. Thanks to the three-detector observation of S190814bv, and given the characteristics of the signal, the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations delivered a relatively narrow localisation in low latency - a 50% (90%) credible area of 5 deg2 (23 deg2) - despite the relatively large distance of 267 ± 52 Mpc. ElectromagNetic counterparts of GRAvitational wave sources at the VEry Large Telescope collaboration members carried out an intensive multi-epoch, multi-instrument observational campaign to identify the possible optical and near infrared counterpart of the event. In addition, the ATLAS, GOTO, GRAWITA-VST, Pan-STARRS, and VINROUGE projects also carried out a search on this event. In this paper, we describe the combined observational campaign of these groups. Results. Our observations allow us to place limits on the presence of any counterpart and discuss the implications for the kilonova (KN), which was possibly generated by this NS-BH merger, and for the strategy of future searches. The typical depth of our wide-field observations, which cover most of the projected sky localisation probability (up to 99.8%, depending on the night and filter considered), is r ∼ 22 (resp. K ∼ 21) in the optical (resp. near infrared). We reach deeper limits in a subset of our galaxy-targeted observations, which cover a total ∼50% of the galaxy-mass-weighted localisation probability. Altogether, our observations allow us to exclude a KN with large ejecta mass M 0.1 M- to a high (> 90%) confidence, and we can exclude much smaller masses in a sub-sample of our observations. This disfavours the tidal disruption of the neutron star during the merger. Conclusions. Despite the sensitive instruments involved in the campaign, given the distance of S190814bv, we could not reach sufficiently deep limits to constrain a KN comparable in luminosity to AT 2017gfo on a large fraction of the localisation probability. This suggests that future (likely common) events at a few hundred megaparsecs will be detected only by large facilities with both a high sensitivity and large field of view. Galaxy-targeted observations can reach the needed depth over a relevant portion of the localisation probability with a smaller investment of resources, but the number of galaxies to be targeted in order to get a fairly complete coverage is large, even in the case of a localisation as good as that of this event. © K. Ackley et al. 2020., Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programmes 1102.D-0353(E), 1102.D0353(F), 1102.D-0353(Q), 1102.D-0353(G), 0103.D-0070(A), 0103.D-0070(B), 0103.D-0703(A), 0103.D-0722(A), 0103.A-9099(A), 198.D-2010(D) and 60.A9285(A). ATLAS is primarily funded through NEO NASA grants NN12AR55G, 80NSSC18K0284, and 80NSSC18K1575. The ATLAS science products have been made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii IfA, the Queen's University Belfast, the Space Telescope Science Institute, and the South African Astronomical Observatory. PanSTARRS is primarily funded through NEO NASA grants NASA Grants NNX08AR22G, NNX14AM74G. The PanSTARRS science products for LIGO-Virgo follow-up are made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii IfA and the Queen's University Belfast. The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) project acknowledges the support of the Monash-Warwick Alliance; Warwick University; Monash University; She ffield University; Leicester University; Armagh Observatory & Planetarium; the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT); University of Portsmouth; Turku University and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC). Part of the funding for GROND was generously granted from the Leibniz-Prize to Prof. G. Hasinger (DFG grant HA 1850/28-1). The Liverpool Telescope is operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. The WHT and its override programme are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; part of these data were taken under program (19A)N3. FEB thanks CONICYT Basal AFB-170002 and Chile's Ministry of Economy fund IC120009. MGB, PDA and AM acknowledge support from ASI grant I/004/11/3. MBr, EC, AP and SPi acknowledge support from MIUR (PRIN 2017 grant 20179ZF5KS). EB, EM and MT acknowledge funding from GRAWITA. SHB is indebted to the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF132) for support. SCa acknowledges support from grant MAE0065741. EC acknowledges the support of the H2020 OPTICON programme 730890. TWC acknowledges the Humboldt Foundation and Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 842471. MDP thanks Istanbul University for support. PAE acknowledges UKSA support. RAJEF is supported by an STFC studentship. MF is supported by a Royal Society -SFI University Research Fellowship. LG was funded by the EU H2020 programme under MSCA grant no. 839090. CG, JH and LI were supported by a research grant from VILLUM FONDEN (project 16599). CG and LI were supported by a research grant from VILLUM FONDEN (25501). GGh acknowledges the PRIN MIUR "Figaro" for financial support. AGo acknowledges financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grants P1-0031, I0-0033, and J1-8136). BPG, AJL and JDL acknowledge support from ERC grant 725246 (TEDE, PI Levan). SGG acknowledges support by FCT Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia and by Project PTDC/FIS-AST-31546. GGr acknowledges the ESCAPE H2020 project no. 824064. MG is supported by the Polish NCN MAESTRO grant 2014/14/A/ST9/00121. PJG acknowledges support from NOVA and from the South African NRF SARChI grant 111692. CPG and MS acknowledge support from EU/FP7-ERC grant no. 615929. KEH acknowledges support by a Project Grant from The Icelandic Research Fund. YDH acknowledges support from the China Scholarships Council. JJ acknowledges support from NOVA and NWO-FAPESP grant for instrumentation. AJ acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC). ZPJ was supported by the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province (no. BK20180050). PGJ acknowledges funding from the ERC under Consolidator Grant agreement no. 647208. DAK acknowledges Spanish research project RTI2018-098104-J-I00 (GRBPhot). SKl acknowledges support by DFG grant Kl 766/16-3. ECK acknowledges support from the GREAT research environment. GPL acknowledges support from STFC via grant ST/N000757/1. GL was supported by a research grant (19054) from VILLUM FONDEN. KM acknowledges support from the ERC (grant no. 758638). IM is partially supported by OzGrav (ARC project CE17010000). MMacknowledges support from ERC through ERC-2017-CoG no. 770017. MJM acknowledges the National Science Centre, Poland, grant 2018/30/E/ST9/00208. BMJ and DW are supported by Independent Research Fund Denmark grant DFF-7014-00017. MN is supported by a Royal Astronomical Society Research Fellowship. ANG acknowledges support by grant DFG Kl 766/16-3. PTOB acknowledges funding from STFC. SRO gratefully acknowledges the support of the Leverhulme Trust. FO acknowledges the support of the H2020 Hemera program, grant no. 730970. MAPT was supported by grants RYC-2015-17854 and AYA201783216-P. EP aknowledges financial support from INAF. GP is supported by the Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009. MLP is partially supported by a "Linea 2" project of the Catania University. JQV acknowledges support from CONICYT folio 21180886. TMR acknowledges the support of the Vilho, Yrjo and Kalle Vaisala Foundation. ARo acknowledges support from Premiale LBT 2013. SR is supported by VR grants 2016-03657_3 and the research environment grant GREAT, Dnr. 2016-06012, and the Swedish National Space board, Dnr. 107/16. OSS acknowledges the Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR) grant 1.05.06.13. LSa acknowledges the Irish Research Council Scholarship no. GOIPG/2017/1525. SJS acknowledges support from STFC Grant ST/P000312/1. ERS and DS acknowledge funding from UK STFC CG ST/P000495/1. RLCS acknowledges funding from STFC. DS acknowledges support from STFC via grant ST/T007184/1. SDV acknowledges the support of the CNES. LWsupported by Polish NCN DAINA 2017/27/L/ST9/03221. The Cosmic DAWN center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation.
Published: 2020
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44. Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole.

Author: Paraschos, G. F., Kim, J.-Y., Wielgus, M., Röder, J., Krichbaum, T. P., Ros, E., Agudo, I., Myserlis, I., Moscibrodzka, M., Traianou, E., Zensus, J. A., Blackburn, L., Chan, C.-K., Issaoun, S., Janssen, M., Johnson, M. D., Fish, V. L., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., and Alef, W.
Subjects: MAGNETIC fields, BLACK holes, SUPERMASSIVE black holes, FARADAY effect, BRIGHTNESS temperature
Abstract: Context. 3C 84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86 GHz. Aims. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the currently highest available frequency of 228 GHz, we aim to perform a direct detection of compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C 84. Methods. We used Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 228 GHz observations and, given the limited (u, v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. Furthermore, we employed quasi-simultaneously observed, ancillary multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. Results. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, supermassive black hole of 3C 84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We also determined a turnover frequency of νm = (113 ± 4) GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of BSSA = (2.9 ± 1.6) G, and an equipartition magnetic field of Beq = (5.2 ± 0.6) G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object (mnet = (17.0 ± 3.9)%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017–2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228 GHz. We used these findings to test existing models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C 84. Conclusions. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C 84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u, v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored. Our upcoming work using new EHT data, which offer full imaging capabilities, will shed more light on the compact region of 3C 84. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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45. Unveiling the Latest Advancements in Vanadium Carbide MXene based Supercapacitors and their Future Trends.

Author: Karamat, S., Kashif, M., Anwar, Sameen, Batool, Unsia, Talha, Muhammad, Khalique, Uzma, and Rahman, Mohammed M.
Subjects: VANADIUM, SUPERCAPACITORS, CHEMICAL peel, BIOSENSORS, CARBIDES
Abstract: Vanadium‐carbide‐based MXenes have bewitched the scientific community due to their distinctive characteristics, which make them potential candidates for several technological applications, such as supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, gas separation, biological sensors, and desalination. This article provides an overview of recent developments in the synthesis and applications of vanadium‐carbide MXene in SCs. Vanadium carbide is one of the most difficult MXenes to synthesize, and various synthesis techniques, including electrochemical exfoliation and chemical etching, have been utilized to fabricate this material. Additionally, the review article also emphasizes the potential use of vanadium carbide MXene as SCs. Finally, the paper concludes with the challenges faced in the synthesis process and the prospects of vanadium carbide MXene‐based material fabrication. Overall, this review article provides in‐depth and detailed information on recent research on vanadium carbide MXene and its possible uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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46. Theoretical magnetotelluric response of stratiform earth consisting of alternative homogeneous and transitional layers.

Author: Miao, Hongzhi, Ming, Huifang, Xiao, Xuelu, Dai, Bolan, and Yang, Xiaowei
Subjects: AIRY functions, SURFACE impedance, MAGNETIC traps, MAGNETIC fields, ELECTRIC fields, MAGNETOTELLURICS
Abstract: The magnetotelluric (MT) responses are explicitly solved for a stratiform earth containing multiple transitional layers in which the conductivity varies linearly with depth. In the model under consideration, any one homogeneous layer with constant conductivity or transitional one may be absent in the geometry. The traditional one-dimensional (1D) models with sharp boundaries will be obtained if all the transitional layers are absent in the geometry, while a special 1D model consisting of a sequence of contiguous transitional layers may be obtained if all the homogeneous layers (except the basement layer) are removed from the geometry. The tangential electric and magnetic fields as well as the surface impedance are analytically expressed by Airy functions. The analytical formula is validated in three theoretical examples by comparing with the results from available codes. The apparent resistivity and impedance phase on the surface of three different transitional models are illustrated to analysis the influence of the transitional layers on MT responses. The new formula provides an alternative way to obtain the analytic MT responses for the special layered earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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47. Engineering polar distortions in multiferroic Sr1−xBaxMnO3−δ thin films.

Author: Koutsogiannis, Panagiotis, Algarabel, Pedro A., Pardo, José A., and Magén, César
Abstract: The physical properties of perovskite oxide thin films are governed by the subtle interplay between chemical composition and crystal symmetry variations, which can be altered by epitaxial growth. In the case of perovskite-type multiferroic thin films, precise control of stoichiometry and epitaxial strain allows for gaining control over the ferroic properties through selective crystal distortions. Here, we demonstrate the chemical tailoring of the polar atomic displacements by tuning the stoichiometry of multiferroic Sr1−xBaxMnO3−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) epitaxial thin films. A combination of x-ray diffraction and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy enables unraveling the local polarization orientation at the nanoscale as a function of the film's composition and induced crystalline structure. We demonstrate experimentally that the orientation of polarization is intimately linked to the Ba doping and O stoichiometry of the films and, with the biaxial strain induced by the substrate, it can be tuned either in-plane or out-of-plane with respect to the substrate by the appropriate choice of the post-growth annealing temperature and O2 atmosphere. This chemistry-mediated engineering of the polarization orientation of oxide thin films opens new venues for the design of functional multiferroic architectures and the exploration of novel physics and applications of ferroelectric textures with exotic topological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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48. Optimizing dense particles for efficient thermochemical fuel generation through a unified particle-level model.

Author: Zhao, Lei, Deng, Shuai, and Lin, Meng
Abstract: Two-step thermochemical H2O/CO2 splitting offers a promising approach to convert intermittent solar energy into storable fuels. However, achieving efficient reaction kinetics in dense particles requires a comprehensive understanding of the bulk diffusion, surface reactions and concentration of local species. In this study, we present a comprehensive 1-D numerical model that accounts for gas–solid mass transfer, surface reactions, and bulk diffusion in reacting particles. The model was validated using previously reported experimental data for CeO2 in the temperature range from 1173 to 1473 K. We used a resistance model to accurately quantify the rate-limiting steps. Our findings indicated that surface kinetics generally represent the primary limiting factor for small particle sizes, and the particles with a radius exceeding 60 μm, undergoing reduction at an oxygen partial pressure equal to 10−8 atm, experience rate limitations due to gas-phase mass transfer. In contrast, under extreme conditions, such as particle radius of 1 cm and diffusion coefficient of less than 10−6 cm2 s−1, bulk diffusion became one of the rate-limiting steps. This comprehensive modeling approach has potential to be applied to other candidate materials in thermochemical cycles, enabling fast material screening and structural designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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49. Structure and Mössbauer study of La1−xCaxFeO3−δ perovskite.

Author: Zhou, Kexuan, Cao, Huanhuan, Gao, Kaiyang, Shen, Jiyu, Lu, Zeyi, Wu, Zhongjin, and Liu, Min
Subjects: MOSSBAUER effect, X-ray diffraction, RARE earth metals, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, UNIT cell, CELL size
Abstract: In this paper, La 1 − x CaxFeO3 (x = 0 , 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) perovskite samples were synthesized by sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Mössbauer were used for measuring. XRD measurement shows that the unit cell volume of LaFeO3 gradually decreases with increasing Ca content. The morphology of the sample was observed by TEM, and there were significant changes in volume and size of the samples with different calcium contents. Mössbauer spectrum study found that with the gradual increase of Ca content, Fe 3. 5 + and Fe 4 + were formed in the sample. The study in this paper will provide a reference for future research on the effect of different calcium contents on the electronic structure of lanthanide ferrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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50. Phase change materials embedded in expanded clay aggregates to develop energy storage concrete: A review.

Author: SALIMI, MAHSA, DE NARDO, LUIGI, and CARVELLI, VALTER
Subjects: ENERGY consumption of buildings, HEAT storage, ENERGY storage, PHASE change materials, LIGHTWEIGHT concrete, CLAY
Abstract: Thermal energy storage (TES) based on phase change materials (PCM) is an effective strategy to reduce energy consumption in buildings. The efficient implementation of TES in building through PCMs, requires modification of their thermal performance, appropriate design and evaluation of their thermal and economic efficiency. One major challenge in the application of PCMs is the selection of high-performance and environmental-friendly supporting materials to overcome the most critical drawback of PCMs (solid-to-liquid transition and resulting leakage). This review focuses on expanded clay (EC) lightweight aggregate (LWA), as one of the promising supporting materials for development of form-stabilized PCM (FSPCM) in the lightweight concrete (LWC) industry. The large specific surface area and porous structure of expanded clay can maintain considerable amount of PCM. In addition, mechanical properties and compatibility with various PCMs make EC a suitable carrier. A detailed review of available researches is presented to elucidate the properties of PCMs embedded in EC for thermally efficient cement-based concrete. Various combinations of EC with the most used PCMs, thermal and mechanical properties of matrices containing PCM-EC, strategies to improve the efficiency of PCM performance, and finally the impact of PCM-EC based concretes on the thermal comfort of buildings are critically summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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