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1. BICEP/Keck. XVII. Line-of-sight Distortion Analysis: Estimates of Gravitational Lensing, Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence, Patchy Reionization, and Systematic Errors

Author

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, C. A. Bischoff, D. Beck, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. R. Cheshire IV, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, E. V. Denison, M. Dierickx, L. Duband, M. Eiben, S. Fatigoni, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, C. Giannakopoulos, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, J. Grayson, P. Grimes, G. Hall, G. Halal, M. Halpern, E. Hand, S. Harrison, S. Henderson, S. R. Hildebrandt, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, K. Lau, E. M. Leitch, A. Lennox, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, T. Namikawa, H. T. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn IV, S. Palladino, M. Petroff, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. D. Reintsema, S. Richter, A. Schillaci, R. Schwarz, B. L. Schmitt, C. D. Sheehy, B. Singari, A. Soliman, T. St. Germaine, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umiltà, C. Vergès, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, K. W. Yoon, E. Young, C. Yu, L. Zeng, C. Zhang, S. Zhang, and BICEP/Keck Collaboration

Subjects
Observational cosmology, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Weak gravitational lensing, Primordial magnetic fields, Reionization, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present estimates of line-of-sight distortion fields derived from the 95 and 150 GHz data taken by BICEP2, BICEP3, and the Keck Array up to the 2018 observing season, leading to cosmological constraints and a study of instrumental and astrophysical systematics. Cosmological constraints are derived from three of the distortion fields concerning gravitational lensing from large-scale structure, polarization rotation from magnetic fields or an axion-like field, and the screening effect of patchy reionization. We measure an amplitude of the lensing power spectrum ${A}_{L}^{\phi \phi }=0.95\pm 0.20$ . We constrain polarization rotation, expressed as the coupling constant of a Chern–Simons electromagnetic term g _a _γ ≤ 2.6 × 10 ^−2 / H _I , where H _I is the inflationary Hubble parameter, and an amplitude of primordial magnetic fields smoothed over 1 Mpc B _1Mpc ≤ 6.6 nG at 95 GHz. We constrain the rms of optical depth fluctuations in a simple “crinkly surface” model of patchy reionization, finding A ^τ < 0.19 (2 σ ) for the coherence scale of L _c = 100. We show that all of the distortion fields of the 95 and 150 GHz polarization maps are consistent with simulations including lensed ΛCDM, dust, and noise, with no evidence for instrumental systematics. In some cases, the EB and TB quadratic estimators presented here are more sensitive than our previous map-based null tests at identifying and rejecting spurious B -modes that might arise from instrumental effects. Finally, we verify that the standard deprojection filtering in the BICEP/Keck data processing is effective at removing temperature to polarization leakage.

Published
2023
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2. BICEP/Keck. XVI. Characterizing Dust Polarization through Correlations with Neutral Hydrogen

Author

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, C. A. Bischoff, D. Beck, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. R. Cheshire IV, S. E. Clark, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, E. V. Denison, M. Dierickx, L. Duband, M. Eiben, S. Fatigoni, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, C. Giannakopoulos, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, J. Grayson, P. Grimes, G. Hall, G. Halal, M. Halpern, E. Hand, S. Harrison, S. Henderson, S. R. Hildebrandt, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, K. Lau, E. M. Leitch, A. Lennox, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, T. Namikawa, H. T. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn IV, S. Palladino, M. A. Petroff, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. D. Reintsema, S. Richter, A. Schillaci, R. Schwarz, B. L. Schmitt, C. D. Sheehy, B. Singari, A. Soliman, T. St. Germaine, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umiltà, C. Vergès, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, K. W. Yoon, E. Young, C. Yu, L. Zeng, C. Zhang, S. Zhang, and BICEP/Keck Collaboration

Subjects
Interstellar dust, Interstellar filaments, Neutral hydrogen clouds, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Interstellar magnetic fields, Interstellar medium, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We characterize Galactic dust filaments by correlating BICEP/Keck and Planck data with polarization templates based on neutral hydrogen (H i ) observations. Dust polarization is important for both our understanding of astrophysical processes in the interstellar medium (ISM) and the search for primordial gravitational waves in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the diffuse ISM, H i is strongly correlated with the dust and partly organized into filaments that are aligned with the local magnetic field. We analyze the deep BICEP/Keck data at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, over the low-column-density region of sky where BICEP/Keck has set the best limits on primordial gravitational waves. We separate the H i emission into distinct velocity components and detect dust polarization correlated with the local Galactic H i but not with the H i associated with Magellanic Stream i . We present a robust, multifrequency detection of polarized dust emission correlated with the filamentary H i morphology template down to 95 GHz. For assessing its utility for foreground cleaning, we report that the H i morphology template correlates in B modes at a ∼10%–65% level over the multipole range 20 < ℓ < 200 with the BICEP/Keck maps, which contain contributions from dust, CMB, and noise components. We measure the spectral index of the filamentary dust component spectral energy distribution to be β = 1.54 ± 0.13. We find no evidence for decorrelation in this region between the filaments and the rest of the dust field or from the inclusion of dust associated with the intermediate velocity H i . Finally, we explore the morphological parameter space in the H i -based filamentary model.

Published
2023
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3. BICEP/Keck XII: Constraints on axionlike polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background

Author

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. R. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, M. Dierickx, L. Duband, S. Fatigoni, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, N. Goeckner-Wald, J. Grayson, G. Hall, M. Halpern, S. Harrison, S. Henderson, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, B. G. Keating, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, K. Lau, E. M. Leitch, K. G. Megerian, L. Moncelsi, T. Namikawa, C. B. Netterfield, H. T. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, S. Palladino, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. D. Reintsema, S. Richter, A. Schillaci, B. L. Schmitt, R. Schwarz, C. D. Sheehy, A. Soliman, T. St. Germaine, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umilta, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, K. W. Yoon, E. Young, C. Yu, L. Zeng, and C. Zhang

Published
2021
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4. A demonstration of improved constraints on primordial gravitational waves with delensing

Author

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, A. J. Anderson, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, J. A. Beall, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, C. A. Bischoff, L. E. Bleem, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, J. R. Cheshire, H. C. Chiang, T-L. Chou, R. Citron, J. Connors, C. Corbett Moran, J. Cornelison, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, T. de Haan, M. Dierickx, M. A. Dobbs, L. Duband, W. Everett, S. Fatigoni, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. Gallicchio, E. M. George, T. St. Germaine, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, J. Grayson, N. Gupta, G. Hall, M. Halpern, N. W. Halverson, S. Harrison, S. Henderson, J. W. Henning, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, L. Knox, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, K. Lau, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, D. Li, A. Lowitz, A. Manzotti, J. J. McMahon, K. G. Megerian, S. S. Meyer, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, L. Moncelsi, J. Montgomery, A. Nadolski, T. Namikawa, T. Natoli, C. B. Netterfield, H. T. Nguyen, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, Y. Omori, S. Padin, S. Palladino, S. Patil, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. L. Reichardt, C. D. Reintsema, S. Richter, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, K. K. Schaffer, A. Schillaci, B. L. Schmitt, R. Schwarz, C. D. Sheehy, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, A. Soliman, A. A. Stark, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umiltà, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, G. Wang, A. C. Weber, N. Whitehorn, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, E. Young, C. Yu, L. Zeng, and C. Zhang

Published
2021
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5. Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using Planck , WMAP, and New BICEP2/ Keck Observations through the 2015 Season

Author

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, B. P. Crill, M. Crumrine, M. Dierickx, L. Duband, C. Dvorkin, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. Grayson, G. Hall, M. Halpern, S. Harrison, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, J. P. Kaufman, B. G. Keating, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, N. A. Larsen, K. Lau, E. M. Leitch, M. Lueker, K. G. Megerian, L. Moncelsi, T. Namikawa, C. B. Netterfield, H. T. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, S. Palladino, C. Pryke, B. Racine, S. Richter, A. Schillaci, R. Schwarz, C. D. Sheehy, A. Soliman, T. St. Germaine, Z. K. Staniszewski, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umiltà, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, K. W. Yoon, and C. Zhang

Published
2018
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6. Bicep/Keck XV: The Bicep3 Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimeter and the First Three-year Data Set

Author

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, C. A. Bischoff, D. Beck, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. R. Cheshire IV, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, E. V. Denison, M. Dierickx, L. Duband, M. Eiben, S. Fatigoni, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, J. Grayson, P. Grimes, G. Hall, G. Halal, M. Halpern, E. Hand, S. Harrison, S. Henderson, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, K. Lau, E. M. Leitch, A. Lennox, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, T. Namikawa, H. T. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn IV, S. Palladino, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. D. Reintsema, S. Richter, A. Schillaci, R. Schwarz, B. L. Schmitt, C. D. Sheehy, A. Soliman, T. St. Germaine, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umiltà, C. Vergès, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, K. W. Yoon, E. Young, C. Yu, L. Zeng, C. Zhang, S. Zhang, Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bicep/Keck

Subjects
polarization, noise, pole, temperature, Astronomy and Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, optics, width, bolometer, Space and Planetary Science, infrared, optical, beam, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], performance
Abstract

We report on the design and performance of the Bicep3 instrument and its first three-year data set collected from 2016 to 2018. Bicep3 is a 52 cm aperture refracting telescope designed to observe the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on degree angular scales at 95 GHz. It started science observation at the South Pole in 2016 with 2400 antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor bolometers. The receiver first demonstrated new technologies such as large-diameter alumina optics, Zotefoam infrared filters, and flux-activated SQUIDs, allowing ∼10× higher optical throughput compared to the Keck design. Bicep3 achieved instrument noise equivalent temperatures of 9.2, 6.8, and 7.1 μ K CMB s and reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 5.9, 4.4, and 4.4 μK arcmin in 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. The combined three-year data set achieved a polarization map depth of 2.8 μK arcmin over an effective area of 585 square degrees, which is the deepest CMB polarization map made to date at 95 GHz.

Published
2022

7. BICEP2 / Keck Array IX: New bounds on anisotropies of CMB polarization rotation and implications for axionlike particles and primordial magnetic fields

Author

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, B. P. Crill, L. Duband, C. Dvorkin, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, T. St. Germaine, T. Ghosh, J. Grayson, S. Harrison, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, J. P. Kaufman, B. G. Keating, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, N. Larson, E. M. Leitch, K. G. Megerian, L. Moncelsi, T. Namikawa, C. B. Netterfield, H. T. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, C. Pryke, S. Richter, A. Schillaci, R. Schwarz, C. D. Sheehy, Z. K. Staniszewski, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, A. G. Vieregg, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, and K. W. Yoon

Published
2017
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8. Optical Characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB Polarimeters from 2016 to 2019

Author

R. Basu Thakur, P. A. R. Ade, Mark Halpern, Sarah M. Harrison, S. Fliescher, Howard Hui, A. D. Turner, E. Bullock, E. Karpel, C. Tucker, B. Racine, Bryan Steinbach, S. A. Kernasovskiy, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Mandana Amiri, Victor Buza, T. St. Germaine, H. T. Nguyen, K. L. Thompson, E. M. Leitch, J. R. Cheshire, Chao Zhang, C. L. Kuo, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, S. Fatigoni, L. Duband, S. R. Hildebrandt, King Tong Lau, E. Young, Roger O'Brient, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Abigail G. Vieregg, Toshiya Namikawa, Zeeshan Ahmed, D. V. Wiebe, R. Schwarz, C. Pryke, Alessandro Schillaci, C. D. Sheehy, E. Yang, Kent D. Irwin, Stefan Richter, R. V. Sudiwala, S. Kefeli, S. Palladino, W. L. K. Wu, J. Cornelison, A. Wandui, Marion Dierickx, Carl D. Reintsema, C. L. Wong, J. Willmert, J. E. Tolan, G. Hall, K. G. Megerian, Gene C. Hilton, Denis Barkats, C. Yu, A. Cukierman, Jake Connors, R. W. Ogburn, J. A. Grayson, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, C. Umilta, A. C. Weber, Colin A. Bischoff, J. Kang, Calvin B. Netterfield, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Ahmed Soliman, Namikawa, Toshiya [0000-0003-3070-9240], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Transition-edge sensor, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, BICEP3, Radio spectrum, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Inflation, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Refracting telescope, Keck Array, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The BICEP/Keck experiment (BK) is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial $B$-mode signature. This $B$-mode signal arises from primordial gravitational waves interacting with the CMB, and has amplitude parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. Since 2016, BICEP3 and the Keck Array have been observing with 4800 total antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor detectors, with frequency bands spanning 95, 150, 220, and 270 GHz. Here we present the optical performance of these receivers from 2016 to 2019, including far-field beams measured in situ with an improved chopped thermal source and instrument spectral response measured with a field-deployable Fourier Transform Spectrometer. As a pair differencing experiment, an important systematic that must be controlled is the differential beam response between the co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors. We generate per-detector far-field beam maps and the corresponding differential beam mismatch that is used to estimate the temperature-to-polarization leakage in our CMB maps and to give feedback on detector and optics fabrication. The differential beam parameters presented here were estimated using improved low-level beam map analysis techniques, including efficient removal of non-Gaussian noise as well as improved spatial masking. These techniques help minimize systematic uncertainty in the beam analysis, with the goal of constraining the bias on $r$ induced by temperature-to-polarization leakage to be subdominant to the statistical uncertainty. This is essential as we progress to higher detector counts in the next generation of CMB experiments., 8 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by the Journal of Low Temperature Physics (Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors)

Published
2020

9. Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

Author

P. M. Chichura, A. Foster, C. Patel, N. Ossa-Jaen, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, A. J. Anderson, M. Archipley, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, L. Balkenhol, P. S. Barry, R. Basu Thakur, J. A. Beall, K. Benabed, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, F. R. Bouchet, L. Bryant, K. Byrum, J. E. Carlstrom, F. W. Carter, T. W. Cecil, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, G. Chen, H. C. Chiang, H.-M. Cho, T-L. Chou, R. Citron, J.-F. Cliche, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, A. Cukierman, C. M. Daley, E. V. Denison, K. Dibert, J. Ding, M. A. Dobbs, D. Dutcher, W. Everett, C. Feng, K. R. Ferguson, J. Fu, S. Galli, J. Gallicchio, A. E. Gambrel, R. W. Gardner, E. M. George, N. Goeckner-Wald, R. Gualtieri, S. Guns, N. Gupta, R. Guyser, T. de Haan, N. W. Halverson, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, N. L. Harrington, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, E. Hivon, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. C. Hood, D. Howe, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, O. B. Jeong, M. Jonas, A. Jones, T. S. Khaire, L. Knox, A. M. Kofman, M. Korman, D. L. Kubik, S. Kuhlmann, C.-L. Kuo, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, D. Li, A. Lowitz, C. Lu, D. P. Marrone, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, D. Michalik, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, J. Montgomery, C. Corbett Moran, A. Nadolski, T. Natoli, H. Nguyen, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, Z. Pan, P. Paschos, S. Patil, J. Pearson, K. A. Phadke, C. M. Posada, K. Prabhu, C. Pryke, W. Quan, A. Rahlin, C. L. Reichardt, D. Riebel, B. Riedel, M. Rouble, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, E. Schiappucci, E. Shirokoff, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, J. A. Sobrin, A. Springmann, A. A. Stark, J. Stephen, K. T. Story, A. Suzuki, C. Tandoi, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, L. R. Vale, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, and M. R. Young

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first measurements of asteroids in millimeter wavelength (mm) data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which is used primarily to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze maps of two $\sim270$ deg$^2$ sky regions near the ecliptic plane, each observed with the SPTpol camera $\sim100$ times over one month. We subtract the mean of all maps of a given field, removing static sky signal, and then average the mean-subtracted maps at known asteroid locations. We detect three asteroids$\text{ -- }$(324) Bamberga, (13) Egeria, and (22) Kalliope$\text{ -- }$with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 11.2, 10.4, and 6.1, respectively, at 2.0 mm (150 GHz); we also detect (324) Bamberga with S/N of 4.1 at 3.2 mm (95 GHz). We place constraints on these asteroids' effective emissivities, brightness temperatures, and light curve modulation amplitude. Our flux density measurements of (324) Bamberga and (13) Egeria roughly agree with predictions, while our measurements of (22) Kalliope suggest lower flux, corresponding to effective emissivities of $0.66 \pm 0.11$ at 2.0 mm and $, 21 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022

10. Improved Constraints on Cosmology and Foregrounds from BICEP2 and Keck Array Cosmic Microwave Background Data with Inclusion of 95 GHz Band

Author

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, B. P. Crill, L. Duband, C. Dvorkin, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. Grayson, M. Halpern, S. Harrison, G. C. Hilton, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, J. P. Kaufman, B. G. Keating, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, E. M. Leitch, M. Lueker, K. G. Megerian, C. B. Netterfield, H. T. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, A. Orlando, C. Pryke, S. Richter, R. Schwarz, C. D. Sheehy, Z. K. Staniszewski, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, A. G. Vieregg, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, and K. W. Yoon

Published
2016
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11. Measurements of the E -mode polarization and temperature- E -mode correlation of the CMB from SPT-3G 2018 data

Author

Faustin Carter, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, J. C. Hood, A. T. Lee, M. Millea, Erik Shirokoff, Oliver Jeong, N. W. Halverson, Thomas Cecil, John E. Pearson, G. I. Noble, John E. Carlstrom, E. V. Denison, B. Thorne, K. Prabhu, C. L. Kuo, François R. Bouchet, M. Korman, Federico Bianchini, K. Dibert, S. Padin, Ethan Anderes, Neil Goeckner-Wald, D. Riebel, J. E. Ruhl, Jason W. Henning, Nikhel Gupta, N. Huang, M. Rouble, M. Jonas, RB Thakur, K. L. Thompson, J. T. Sayre, C. Tucker, A. A. Stark, A. Lowitz, M. A. Dobbs, N. L. Harrington, Z. Pan, Karen Byrum, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, C. Lu, Srinivasan Raghunathan, B. Riedel, C. L. Chang, A. Cukierman, Andreas Bender, Z. Ahmed, K. Aylor, E. M. Leitch, Alexandra S. Rahlin, S. Guns, J. A. Sobrin, K. W. Yoon, D. Howe, P. Chaubal, Young, Graeme Smecher, C. Umilta, J. F. Cliche, T. de Haan, Silvia Galli, H. Nguyen, Lloyd Knox, T. Natoli, K. Vanderlinde, T. M. Crawford, J. Fu, P. Paschos, S. S. Meyer, Christian L. Reichardt, H-M. Cho, L. R. Vale, A. Foster, K. T. Story, Karim Benabed, E. Hivon, E. Schiappucci, Anthony P. Jones, Andrew Nadolski, Lindsey Bleem, Jessica Avva, Peter S. Barry, L. Balkenhol, Bradford Benson, Yefremenko, R. Guyser, R. Gualtieri, C. M. Posada, Chang Feng, G. P. Holder, A. M. Kofman, Daniel Michalik, Novosad, J. D. Vieira, C. Daley, Gensheng Wang, W. L. Holzapfel, W. Quan, K. R. Ferguson, Adam Anderson, Gang Chen, Nathan Whitehorn, Robert Gardner, M. Archipley, Y. Omori, A. Suzuki, Lincoln Bryant, D. Dutcher, T.-L. Chou, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, J. Stephen, A. E. Gambrel, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. K. Wu, Donna Kubik, P. A. R. Ade, and W. B. Everett

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmic microwave background, Spectral density, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Gravitational lens, South Pole Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Planck, Multipole expansion, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of the $E$-mode ($EE$) polarization power spectrum and temperature-$E$-mode ($TE$) cross-power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background using data collected by SPT-3G, the latest instrument installed on the South Pole Telescope. This analysis uses observations of a 1500 deg$^2$ region at 95, 150, and 220 GHz taken over a four month period in 2018. We report binned values of the $EE$ and $TE$ power spectra over the angular multipole range $300 \le \ell < 3000$, using the multifrequency data to construct six semi-independent estimates of each power spectrum and their minimum-variance combination. These measurements improve upon the previous results of SPTpol across the multipole ranges $300 \le \ell \le 1400$ for $EE$ and $300 \le \ell \le 1700$ for $TE$, resulting in constraints on cosmological parameters comparable to those from other current leading ground-based experiments. We find that the SPT-3G dataset is well-fit by a $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model with parameter constraints consistent with those from Planck and SPTpol data. From SPT-3G data alone, we find $H_0 = 68.8 \pm 1.5 \mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ and $\sigma_8 = 0.789 \pm 0.016$, with a gravitational lensing amplitude consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM prediction ($A_L = 0.98 \pm 0.12$). We combine the SPT-3G and the Planck datasets and obtain joint constraints on the $\Lambda$CDM model. The volume of the 68% confidence region in six-dimensional $\Lambda$CDM parameter space is reduced by a factor of 1.5 compared to Planck-only constraints, with only slight shifts in central values. We note that the results presented here are obtained from data collected during just half of a typical observing season with only part of the focal plane operable, and that the active detector count has since nearly doubled for observations made with SPT-3G after 2018.

Published
2021

12. The Design and Integrated Performance of SPT-3G

Author

J. A. Sobrin, A. J. Anderson, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, D. Dutcher, A. Foster, N. Goeckner-Wald, J. Montgomery, A. Nadolski, A. Rahlin, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, E. Anderes, M. Archipley, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, K. Aylor, L. Balkenhol, P. S. Barry, R. Basu Thakur, K. Benabed, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, F. R. Bouchet, L. Bryant, K. Byrum, J. E. Carlstrom, F. W. Carter, T. W. Cecil, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, G. Chen, H.-M. Cho, T.-L. Chou, J.-F. Cliche, T. M. Crawford, A. Cukierman, C. Daley, T. de Haan, E. V. Denison, K. Dibert, J. Ding, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, C. Feng, K. R. Ferguson, J. Fu, S. Galli, A. E. Gambrel, R. W. Gardner, R. Gualtieri, S. Guns, N. Gupta, R. Guyser, N. W. Halverson, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, N. L. Harrington, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, E. Hivon, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. C. Hood, D. Howe, N. Huang, K. D. Irwin, O. B. Jeong, M. Jonas, A. Jones, T. S. Khaire, L. Knox, A. M. Kofman, M. Korman, D. L. Kubik, S. Kuhlmann, C.-L. Kuo, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, A. E. Lowitz, C. Lu, S. S. Meyer, D. Michalik, M. Millea, T. Natoli, H. Nguyen, G. I. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, Z. Pan, P. Paschos, J. Pearson, C. M. Posada, K. Prabhu, W. Quan, C. L. Reichardt, D. Riebel, B. Riedel, M. Rouble, J. E. Ruhl, B. Saliwanchik, J. T. Sayre, E. Schiappucci, E. Shirokoff, G. Smecher, A. A. Stark, J. Stephen, K. T. Story, A. Suzuki, C. Tandoi, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, L. R. Vale, K. Vanderlinde, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, M. R. Young, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and SPT-3G

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 7. Clean energy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

SPT-3G is the third survey receiver operating on the South Pole Telescope dedicated to high-resolution observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Sensitive measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB provide a powerful dataset for constraining cosmology. Additionally, CMB surveys with arcminute-scale resolution are capable of detecting galaxy clusters, millimeter-wave bright galaxies, and a variety of transient phenomena. The SPT-3G instrument provides a significant improvement in mapping speed over its predecessors, SPT-SZ and SPTpol. The broadband optics design of the instrument achieves a 430 mm diameter image plane across observing bands of 95 GHz, 150 GHz, and 220 GHz, with 1.2 arcmin FWHM beam response at 150 GHz. In the receiver, this image plane is populated with 2690 dual-polarization, tri-chroic pixels (~16000 detectors) read out using a 68X digital frequency-domain multiplexing readout system. In 2018, SPT-3G began a multiyear survey of 1500 deg$^{2}$ of the southern sky. We summarize the unique optical, cryogenic, detector, and readout technologies employed in SPT-3G, and we report on the integrated performance of the instrument., Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS

Published
2021

13. Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck ArrayandPlanckData

Author

P. A. R. Ade, N. Aghanim, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, M. Arnaud, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banday, D. Barkats, R. B. Barreiro, J. G. Bartlett, N. Bartolo, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoît, A. Benoit-Lévy, S. J. Benton, J.-P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, P. Bielewicz, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, A. Bonaldi, L. Bonavera, J. R. Bond, J. Borrill, F. R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, J. A. Brevik, M. Bucher, I. Buder, E. Bullock, C. Burigana, R. C. Butler, V. Buza, E. Calabrese, J.-F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, A. Challinor, R.-R. Chary, H. C. Chiang, P. R. Christensen, L. P. L. Colombo, C. Combet, J. Connors, F. Couchot, A. Coulais, B. P. Crill, A. Curto, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R. D. Davies, R. J. Davis, P. de Bernardis, A. de Rosa, G. de Zotti, J. Delabrouille, J.-M. Delouis, F.-X. Désert, C. Dickinson, J. M. Diego, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Doré, M. Douspis, C. D. Dowell, L. Duband, A. Ducout, J. Dunkley, X. Dupac, C. Dvorkin, G. Efstathiou, F. Elsner, T. A. Enßlin, H. K. Eriksen, E. Falgarone, J. P. Filippini, F. Finelli, S. Fliescher, O. Forni, M. Frailis, A. A. Fraisse, E. Franceschi, A. Frejsel, S. Galeotta, S. Galli, K. Ganga, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, E. Gjerløw, S. R. Golwala, J. González-Nuevo, K. M. Górski, S. Gratton, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, J. E. Gudmundsson, M. Halpern, F. K. Hansen, D. Hanson, D. L. Harrison, M. Hasselfield, G. Helou, S. Henrot-Versillé, D. Herranz, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W. A. Holmes, W. Hovest, V. V. Hristov, K. M. Huffenberger, H. Hui, G. Hurier, K. D. Irwin, A. H. Jaffe, T. R. Jaffe, J. Jewell, W. C. Jones, M. Juvela, A. Karakci, K. S. Karkare, J. P. Kaufman, B. G. Keating, S. Kefeli, E. Keihänen, S. A. Kernasovskiy, R. Keskitalo, T. S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, J. M. Kovac, N. Krachmalnicoff, M. Kunz, C. L. Kuo, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lähteenmäki, J.-M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, M. Lattanzi, C. R. Lawrence, E. M. Leitch, R. Leonardi, F. Levrier, A. Lewis, M. Liguori, P. B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. López-Caniego, P. M. Lubin, M. Lueker, J. F. Macías-Pérez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, A. Mangilli, M. Maris, P. G. Martin, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, P. Mason, S. Matarrese, K. G. Megerian, P. R. Meinhold, A. Melchiorri, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, S. Mitra, M.-A. Miville-Deschênes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, A. Moss, D. Munshi, J. A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, F. Nati, P. Natoli, C. B. Netterfield, H. T. Nguyen, H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, A. Orlando, L. Pagano, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, T. J. Pearson, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, V. Pettorino, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, D. Pietrobon, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, G. Polenta, N. Ponthieu, G. W. Pratt, S. Prunet, C. Pryke, J.-L. Puget, J. P. Rachen, W. T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, A. Renzi, S. Richter, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, M. Rossetti, G. Roudier, M. Rowan-Robinson, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, D. Santos, M. Savelainen, G. Savini, R. Schwarz, D. Scott, M. D. Seiffert, C. D. Sheehy, L. D. Spencer, Z. K. Staniszewski, V. Stolyarov, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, D. Sutton, A.-S. Suur-Uski, J.-F. Sygnet, J. A. Tauber, G. P. Teply, L. Terenzi, K. L. Thompson, L. Toffolatti, J. E. Tolan, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, A. D. Turner, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, B. Van Tent, L. Vibert, P. Vielva, A. G. Vieregg, F. Villa, L. A. Wade, B. D. Wandelt, R. Watson, A. C. Weber, I. K. Wehus, M. White, S. D. M. White, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, K. W. Yoon, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, and A. Zonca

Published
2015
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14. BICEP/Keck XII: Constraints on axionlike polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background

Author

S. R. Hildebrandt, H. Boenish, D. V. Wiebe, P. A. R. Ade, K. G. Megerian, J. Kang, C. D. Sheehy, Bryan Steinbach, D. Barkats, S. Palladino, J. E. Tolan, J. Cheshire, J. J. Bock, C. L. Kuo, Edward D. Young, C. D. Reintsema, Tyler St. Germaine, Marion Dierickx, C. Yu, Colin A. Bischoff, Stefan Richter, S. Kefeli, A. C. Weber, Jake Connors, Ahmed Soliman, Lorenzo Moncelsi, A. Schillaci, R. W. Ogburn, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Roger O'Brient, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, G. Hall, C. L. Wong, Abigail G. Vieregg, C. Umilta, Brian Keating, S. Henderson, R. Schwarz, Lingzhen Zeng, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Mark Halpern, J. Hubmayr, Kei May Lau, Calvin B. Netterfield, S. Fatigoni, M. Amiri, Kent D. Irwin, A. Cukierman, E. Bullock, J. A. Grayson, Victor Buza, Howard Hui, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Grant Teply, C. Tucker, S. Fliescher, R. V. Sudiwala, W. L. K. Wu, Toshiya Namikawa, H. Yang, J. Cornelison, Z. Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, B. L. Schmitt, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, Bicep, Chao Zhang, A. Wandui, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, L. Duband, K. L. Thompson, Sarah M. Harrison, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, and R. Basu Thakur

Subjects
Coupling constant, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Oscillation, Cosmic microwave background, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Parameter space, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Amplitude, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Axion
Abstract

We present an improved search for axion-like polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with observations from the Keck Array. An all-sky, temporally sinusoidal rotation of CMB polarization, equivalent to a time-variable cosmic birefringence, is an observable manifestation of a local axion field and potentially allows a CMB polarimeter to detect axion-like dark matter directly. We describe improvements to the method presented in previous work, and we demonstrate the updated method with an expanded dataset consisting of the 2012-2015 observing seasons. We set limits on the axion-photon coupling constant for mass $m$ in the range $10^{-23}$-$10^{-18}~\mathrm{eV}$, which corresponds to oscillation periods on the order of hours to years. Our results are consistent with the background model. For periods between $1$ and $30~\mathrm{d}$ ($1.6 \times 10^{-21} \leq m \leq 4.8 \times 10^{-20}~\mathrm{eV}$), the $95\%$-confidence upper limits on rotation amplitude are approximately constant with a median of $0.27^\circ$, which constrains the axion-photon coupling constant to $g_{\phi\gamma} < (4.5 \times 10^{-12}~\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}) m/(10^{-21}~\mathrm{eV}$), if axion-like particles constitute all of the dark matter. More than half of the collected BICEP dataset has yet to be analyzed, and several current and future CMB polarimetry experiments can apply the methods presented here to achieve comparable or superior constraints. In the coming years, oscillation measurements can achieve the sensitivity to rule out unexplored regions of the axion parameter space.

Published
2021

15. Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season

Author

J. J. Bock, M. Amiri, B. Steinbach, Kent D. Irwin, S. Kefeli, B. Racine, E. Hand, J. E. Tolan, Abigail G. Vieregg, C. Tucker, J. Willmert, N. Goeckner-Wald, S. Richter, A. Turner, H. Hui, B. L. Schmitt, T. Namikawa, G. Halal, P. A. R. Ade, K. G. Megerian, L. Zeng, R. Schwarz, Victor Buza, L. Minutolo, T. St. Germaine, C. D. Sheehy, Jake Connors, R. Basu Thakur, S. Fliescher, C. Pryke, M. Crumrine, Bicep, Mark Halpern, C. Umilta, Sarah M. Harrison, H. Yang, Chao-Lin Kuo, Che-Hang Yu, K. Lau, Shengyu Zhang, C. Bischoff, C. Verges, S. R. Hildebrandt, S. Fatigoni, R. O'Brient, Denis Barkats, Chao Zhang, Jeffrey P. Filippini, A. Cukierman, H. Boenish, H. T. Nguyen, D. V. Wiebe, K. S. Karkare, Gene C. Hilton, E. Young, J. Grayson, M. Eiben, Y. Nakato, Z. Ahmed, D. C. Goldfinger, A. C. Weber, J. R. Cheshire, L. Duband, C. D. Reintsema, S. Henderson, T. Prouve, A. Wandui, P. Grimes, K. L. Thompson, G. P. Teply, J. Cornelison, S. Palladino, J. Kang, E. V. Denison, Marion Dierickx, A. Lennox, A. Soliman, R. W. Ogburn, R. V. Sudiwala, E. Bullock, D. Beck, C. L. Wong, A. Schillaci, E. Karpel, J. Hubmayr, G. Hall, W. L. K. Wu, L. Moncelsi, K. W. Yoon, E. M. Leitch, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Cryoréfrigérateurs et Cryogénie Spatiale (LCCS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BICEP, and Keck

Subjects
noise, satellite: Planck, statistical analysis: confidence limit, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, General Physics and Astronomy, cosmic background radiation: polarization, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, power spectrum, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, gravitation: lens, cosmological model: parameter space, 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation: primordial, cosmological model: dust, Polarization (waves), BICEP, CMB cold spot, Sky, WMAP, symbols, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Noise (radio)
Abstract

International audience; We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2, Keck Array, and BICEP3 CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2018 observing season. We add additional Keck Array observations at 220 GHz and BICEP3 observations at 95 GHz to the previous 95/150/220 GHz dataset. The Q/U maps now reach depths of 2.8, 2.8, and 8.8 μKCMB arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively, over an effective area of ≈600 square degrees at 95 GHz and ≈400 square degrees at 150 and 220 GHz. The 220 GHz maps now achieve a signal-to-noise ratio on polarized dust emission exceeding that of Planck at 353 GHz. We take auto- and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly available WMAP and Planck maps at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz and evaluate the joint likelihood of the spectra versus a multicomponent model of lensed ΛCDM+r+dust+synchrotron+noise. The foreground model has seven parameters, and no longer requires a prior on the frequency spectral index of the dust emission taken from measurements on other regions of the sky. This model is an adequate description of the data at the current noise levels. The likelihood analysis yields the constraint r0.05<0.036 at 95% confidence. Running maximum likelihood search on simulations we obtain unbiased results and find that σ(r)=0.009. These are the strongest constraints to date on primordial gravitational waves.

Published
2021

16. Receiver development for BICEP Array, a next-generation CMB polarimeter at the South Pole

Author

Zeeshan Ahmed, G. Hall, B. Racine, Lingzhen Zeng, P. A. R. Ade, Colin A. Bischoff, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, E. M. Leitch, S. Palladino, Denis Barkats, K. L. Thompson, B. L. Schmitt, M. Crumrine, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, Kent D. Irwin, E. V. Denison, Alessandro Schillaci, J. Kang, T. Namikawa, S. Fatigoni, L. Duband, P. Grimes, Edward D. Young, Howard Hui, Neil Goeckner-Wald, M. Amiri, S. Henderson, N. Precup, A. C. Weber, C. Umiltà, D. C. Goldfinger, Victor Buza, J. Cornelison, T. Prouvé, Jeffrey P. Filippini, A. Wandui, Ahmed Soliman, Shou-Cheng Zhang, K. W. Yoon, Sarah M. Harrison, W. L. K. Wu, Anthony D. Turner, J. A. Grayson, Y. Nakato, Chao-Lin Kuo, H. T. Nguyen, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, James J. Bock, Carole Tucker, Jake Connors, Sergi R. Hildebrandt, S. Kefeli, J. Willmert, C. Yu, A. J. Cukierman, Johannes Hubmayr, Mark Halpern, D. V. Wiebe, Chao Zhang, R. Basu Thakur, M. Eiben, Gene C. Hilton, C. Pryke, T. St. Germaine, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Marion Dierickx, Abigail G. Vieregg, Kam Y. Lau, Carl D. Reintsema, Eui-Hyeok Yang, Bryan Steinbach, J. Cheshire, Roger O'Brient, Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Cryoréfrigérateurs et Cryogénie Spatiale (LCCS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), detector: performance, detector: cryogenics, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Cosmology, gravitation: lens, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, synchrotron, detector: calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Physics, polarization, beam: polarization, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astronomy, Polarimeter, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), lensing, Polarization (waves), BICEP, Inflation, Galaxy, optics, detector: sensitivity, Gravitational lens, B-mode, B-Modes, readout, galaxy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

A detection of curl-type ($B$-mode) polarization of the primary CMB would be direct evidence for the inflationary paradigm of the origin of the Universe. The BICEP/Keck Array (BK) program targets the degree angular scales, where the power from primordial $B$-mode polarization is expected to peak, with ever-increasing sensitivity and has published the most stringent constraints on inflation to date. BICEP Array (BA) is the Stage-3 instrument of the BK program and will comprise four BICEP3-class receivers observing at 30/40, 95, 150 and 220/270 GHz with a combined 32,000+ detectors; such wide frequency coverage is necessary for control of the Galactic foregrounds, which also produce degree-scale $B$-mode signal. The 30/40 GHz receiver is designed to constrain the synchrotron foreground and has begun observing at the South Pole in early 2020. By the end of a 3-year observing campaign, the full BICEP Array instrument is projected to reach $\sigma_r$ between 0.002 and 0.004, depending on foreground complexity and degree of removal of $B$-modes due to gravitational lensing (delensing). This paper presents an overview of the design, measured on-sky performance and calibration of the first BA receiver. We also give a preview of the added complexity in the time-domain multiplexed readout of the 7,776-detector 150 GHz receiver., Comment: Proceedings of SPIE 2020 (AS111). This article supersedes arXiv:1808.00568 and arXiv:2002.05228

Published
2020

17. Polarization Calibration of the BICEP3 CMB polarimeter at the South Pole

Author

K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, Y. Nakato, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, H. Boenish, D. C. Goldfinger, Roger O'Brient, A. D. Turner, C. D. Sheehy, Stefan Richter, Kent D. Irwin, E. Karpel, E. Bullock, Lingzhen Zeng, K. L. Thompson, S. Fliescher, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, G. Hall, H. Hui, J. Kang, P. A. R. Ade, C. Yu, C. Umilta, S. Henderson, Zeeshan Ahmed, A. Cukierman, J. Hubmayr, B. L. Schmitt, N. Precup, D. V. Wiebe, S. Kefeli, Kei May Lau, E. Young, R. Basu Thakur, A. Wandui, Denis Barkats, Victor Buza, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Paul K. Grimes, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Marion Dierickx, J. J. Bock, Mark Halpern, E. Yang, R. V. Sudiwala, W. L. K. Wu, C. D. Reintsema, S. A. Kernasovkiy, R. Schwarz, C. Tucker, Lorenzo Moncelsi, G. Halal, J. R. Cheshire, J. A. Grayson, Abigail G. Vieregg, S. R. Hildebrandt, Bryan Steinbach, S. Zhang, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, Chao Zhang, Mandana Amiri, A. C. Weber, Toshiya Namikawa, Chao-Lin Kuo, J. Cornelison, S. Fatigoni, S. Palladino, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, Colin A. Bischoff, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, E. V. Denison, A. Schillaci, J. E. Tolan, L. Duband, J. Connors, R. W. Ogburn, M. Eiben, C. L. Wong, Ahmed Soliman, Sarah M. Harrison, G. P. Teply, T. St. Germaine, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Cryoréfrigérateurs et Cryogénie Spatiale (LCCS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Birefringence, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimeter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), Cosmology, Refracting telescope, Calibration, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The BICEP3 CMB Polarimeter is a small-aperture refracting telescope located at the South Pole and is specifically designed to search for the possible signature of inflationary gravitational waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The experiment measures polarization on the sky by differencing the signal of co-located, orthogonally polarized antennas coupled to Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detectors. We present precise measurements of the absolute polarization response angles and polarization efficiencies for nearly all of BICEP3s $\sim800$ functioning polarization-sensitive detector pairs from calibration data taken in January 2018. Using a Rotating Polarized Source (RPS), we mapped polarization response for each detector over a full 360 degrees of source rotation and at multiple telescope boresight rotations from which per-pair polarization properties were estimated. In future work, these results will be used to constrain signals predicted by exotic physical models such as Cosmic Birefringence., Comment: Proceedings submitted to SPIE 2020 (AS111). 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables

Published
2020

18. Analysis of Temperature-to-Polarization Leakage in BICEP3 and Keck CMB Data from 2016 to 2018

Author

Y. Nakato, S. Palladino, J. Kang, H. Boenish, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, D. C. Goldfinger, K. L. Thompson, C. L. Wong, P. A. R. Ade, E. V. Denison, S. Kefeli, Bicep, Jeffrey P. Filippini, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, J. Hubmayr, G. Hall, A. C. Weber, C. Umilta, A. Wandui, S. Fliescher, A. Cukierman, Victor Buza, Chao Zhang, J. A. Grayson, Lingzhen Zeng, E. Bullock, J. Willmert, Kei May Lau, Gene C. Hilton, Denis Barkats, John M Kovac, C. D. Sheehy, Kirit Karkare, Colin A. Bischoff, K. G. Megerian, Kent D. Irwin, L. Minutolo, P. Grimes, R. V. Sudiwala, C. Yu, W. L. K. Wu, N. Precup, T. Namikawa, Bryan Steinbach, Eui-Hyeok Yang, J. Cheshire, J. J. Bock, Roger O'Brient, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Mark Halpern, R. Schwarz, S. Henderson, Ahmed Soliman, Shengyu Zhang, Abigail G. Vieregg, B. L. Schmitt, C. D. Reintsema, Stefan Richter, Marion Dierickx, Z. Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, A. Schillaci, S. R. Hildebrandt, Edward D. Young, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, C. L. Kuo, M. Amiri, D. V. Wiebe, J. E. Tolan, Jake Connors, R. W. Ogburn, Sarah M. Harrison, Grant Teply, L. Duband, T. St. Germaine, M. Eiben, R. Basu Thakur, Howard Hui, Neil Goeckner-Wald, C. Tucker, J. Cornelison, S. Fatigoni, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and BICEP/Keck

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Residual, 01 natural sciences, B-mode: primordial, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], numerical calculations, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Leakage (electronics), media_common, Physics, Gravitational Waves, polarization, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), BICEP, Inflation, cosmic background radiation: temperature, B-mode, Sky, Refracting telescope, Keck Array, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Beam (structure), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The BICEP/Keck Array experiment is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale Cosmic Microwave Background polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial $B$-mode signature. As a pair differencing experiment, an important systematic that must be controlled is the differential beam response between the co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors. We use high-fidelity, in-situ measurements of the beam response to estimate the temperature-to-polarization (T $\rightarrow$ P) leakage in our latest data including observations from 2016 through 2018. This includes three years of BICEP3 observing at 95 GHz, and multifrequency data from Keck Array. Here we present band-averaged far-field beam maps, differential beam mismatch, and residual beam power (after filtering out the leading difference modes via deprojection) for these receivers. We show preliminary results of "beam map simulations," which use these beam maps to observe a simulated temperature (no $Q/U$) sky to estimate T $\rightarrow$ P leakage in our real data., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020

19. Microwave multiplexing on the Keck Array

Author

Howard Hui, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, John E. Dusatko, S. Fatigoni, K. G. Megerian, Joel N. Ullom, L. Duband, Carole Tucker, D. V. Wiebe, Ari Cukierman, Gunther Haller, Shawn W. Henderson, Tyler St. Germaine, Stephen E. Kuenstner, Jeffrey P. Filippini, S. R. Hildebrandt, S. A. Kernasovskiy, David Brown, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, Leila R. Vale, Jake Connors, G. Hall, Bradley Dober, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Toshiya Namikawa, H. Yang, Chao-Lin Kuo, Josef Frisch, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, J. Cornelison, C. Umilta, Ahmed Soliman, Zeeshan Ahmed, K. L. Thompson, Johannes Hubmayr, Mark Halpern, E. Y. Young, Bryan Steinbach, J. Cheshire, E. Bullock, John A. B. Mates, C. Pryke, Sarah M. Harrison, Attila Kovács, Roger O'Brient, M. Amiri, J. Kang, Jesus Vasquez, Lingzhen Zeng, R. Basu Thakur, Victor Buza, B. Racine, John M. D'Ewart, Denis Barkats, H. T. Nguyen, S. Palladino, A. C. Weber, C. D. Reintsema, Marion Dierickx, Stefan Richter, Chao Zhang, A. Schillaci, J. J. Bock, R. Schwarz, Stephen J. Smith, H. Boenish, S. Kefeli, Dale Li, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Kent D. Irwin, A. Wandui, Colin A. Bischoff, Daniel D. Van Winkle, R. V. Sudiwala, W. L. K. Wu, C. D. Sheehy, C. Yu, Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Abigail G. Vieregg, Kei May Lau, Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
SMuRF, Coaxial cable, Cosmic microwave background, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, Tone tracking, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Electronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, BICEP, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cardinal point, Microwave multiplexing, Keck Array, Radio frequency, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Microwave
Abstract

We describe an on-sky demonstration of a microwave-multiplexing readout system in one of the receivers of the Keck Array, a polarimetry experiment observing the cosmic microwave background at the South Pole. During the austral summer of 2018-2019, we replaced the time-division multiplexing readout system with microwave-multiplexing components including superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices at the sub-Kelvin focal plane, coaxial-cable plumbing and amplification between room temperature and the cold stages, and a SLAC Microresonator Radio Frequency system for the warm electronics. In the range 5-6 GHz, a single coaxial cable reads out 528 channels. The readout system is coupled to transition-edge sensors, which are in turn coupled to 150-GHz slot-dipole phased-array antennas. Observations began in April 2019, and we report here on an initial characterization of the system performance., 9 pages, 11 figures, Accepted by the Journal of Low Temperature Physics (Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors)

Published
2020

20. Optical Design and Characterization of 40-GHz Detector and Module for the BICEP Array

Author

Ahmed Soliman, A. Cukierman, M. Amiri, Z. Ahmed, Victor Buza, N. Precup, B. Racine, S. R. Hildebrandt, Chao Zhang, H. T. Nguyen, John M Kovac, H. Boenish, Jake Connors, Kirit Karkare, D. V. Wiebe, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Mark Halpern, Kent D. Irwin, Jeffrey P. Filippini, S. Palladino, J. J. Bock, Abigail G. Vieregg, S. Kefeli, Kei May Lau, L. Duband, R. Schwarz, Sarah M. Harrison, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, G. Hall, P. A. R. Ade, C. Umilta, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, J. Willmert, E. Bullock, B. L. Schmitt, Gene C. Hilton, Eui-Hyeok Yang, Colin A. Bischoff, Edward D. Young, C. D. Reintsema, C. L. Kuo, C. D. Sheehy, Stefan Richter, Denis Barkats, K. G. Megerian, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, C. Yu, A. C. Weber, R. V. Sudiwala, J. Kang, T. St. Germaine, W. L. K. Wu, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Thompson, T. Namikawa, Bryan Steinbach, J. Cheshire, Marion Dierickx, A. Schillaci, Roger O'Brient, S. Henderson, J. Cornelison, Howard Hui, C. Tucker, S. Fatigoni, A. Wandui, Namikawa, Toshiya [0000-0003-3070-9240], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
BICEP array, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, Frequency coverage, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Detectors, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Inflation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cosmology, Amplitude, Cardinal point, Antennas, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

Families of cosmic inflation models predict a primordial gravitational-wave background that imprints B-mode polarization pattern in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). High sensitivity instruments with wide frequency coverage and well-controlled systematic errors are needed to constrain the faint B-mode amplitude. We have developed antenna-coupled Transition Edge Sensor (TES) arrays for high-sensitivity polarized CMB observations over a wide range of millimeter-wave bands. BICEP Array, the latest phase of the BICEP/Keck experiment series, is a multi-receiver experiment designed to search for inflationary B-mode polarization to a precision $\sigma$(r) between 0.002 and 0.004 after 3 full years of observations, depending on foreground complexity and the degree of lensing removal. We describe the electromagnetic design and measured performance of BICEP Array low-frequency 40-GHz detector, their packaging in focal plane modules, and optical characterization including efficiency and beam matching between polarization pairs. We summarize the design and simulated optical performance, including an approach to improve the optical efficiency due to mismatch losses. We report the measured beam maps for a new broad-band corrugation design to minimize beam differential ellipticity between polarization pairs caused by interactions with the module housing frame, which helps minimize polarized beam mismatch that converts CMB temperature to polarization ($T \rightarrow P$) anisotropy in CMB maps., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Accepted by the Journal of Low Temperature Physics (Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors)

Published
2020
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21. A Demonstration of Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves with Delensing

Author

Roger O'Brient, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, T. Natoli, Kent D. Irwin, A. E. Lowitz, N. Huang, Y. Omori, Victor Buza, Robert I. Citron, S. A. Kernasovskiy, W. L. Holzapfel, Ahmed Soliman, Jeff McMahon, C. Corbett Moran, P. A. R. Ade, Lingzhen Zeng, S. Henderson, W. B. Everett, J. D. Hrubes, Jessica Avva, C. Yu, Calvin B. Netterfield, Lorenzo Moncelsi, J. R. Cheshire, Jason W. Henning, J. A. Grayson, S. Patil, K. K. Schaffer, Elizabeth George, Abigail G. Vieregg, Denis Barkats, V. G. Yefremenko, Jason E. Austermann, N. W. Halverson, A. Cukierman, H. Boenish, B. L. Schmitt, Marion Dierickx, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, Joaquin Vieira, E. Young, G. Hall, Stefan Richter, C. Sievers, Toshiya Namikawa, Graeme Smecher, C. Umilta, D. V. Wiebe, S. Fliescher, T.-L. Chou, H. C. Chiang, Johannes Hubmayr, H. Yang, C. D. Sheehy, Chao-Lin Kuo, Mark Halpern, Christian L. Reichardt, Marius Millea, Joshua Montgomery, S. Kefeli, J. Cornelison, J. J. Bock, Bryan Steinbach, Howard Hui, Gensheng Wang, Andreas Bender, Neil Goeckner-Wald, J. E. Ruhl, Dale Li, C. Tucker, K. G. Megerian, T. M. Crawford, M. A. Dobbs, Mandana Amiri, V. Novosad, R. Schwarz, S. Fatigoni, S. R. Hildebrandt, S. Padin, John E. Carlstrom, E. Bullock, Chao Zhang, T. de Haan, D. C. Goldfinger, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, J. Willmert, Carl D. Reintsema, Gene C. Hilton, N. Whitehorn, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, A. A. Stark, E. M. Leitch, Alessandro Schillaci, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, T. Veach, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Thompson, T. Prouve, A. T. Crites, C. Pryke, C. L. Wong, C. L. Chang, J. Kang, Adam Anderson, Grant Teply, Benjamin Saliwanchik, A. Wandui, Gilbert Holder, A. Manzotti, A. C. Weber, G. I. Noble, Federico Bianchini, Nikhel Gupta, Jeffrey P. Filippini, R. V. Sudiwala, Adrian T. Lee, Bradford Benson, Lloyd Knox, W. L. K. Wu, Colin A. Bischoff, S. S. Meyer, Jason Gallicchio, T. St. Germaine, S. Palladino, L. Duband, J. E. Tolan, Zeeshan Ahmed, L. M. Mocanu, Jake Connors, Kei May Lau, Sarah M. Harrison, Lindsey Bleem, R. W. Ogburn, J. A. Beall, Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPTpol, BICEP/Keck, BICEP, and Keck

Subjects
data analysis method, satellite: Planck, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, cosmic background radiation: polarization, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, cosmic rays, gravitation: lens, statistical analysis, Cosmic infrared background, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, Sample variance, Planck, numerical calculations, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, polarization, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation: primordial, BICEP, South Pole Telescope, Gravitational lens, B-mode, infrared, symbols, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, derived from measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization $B$-modes with "delensing," whereby the uncertainty on $r$ contributed by the sample variance of the gravitational lensing $B$-modes is reduced by cross-correlating against a lensing $B$-mode template. This template is constructed by combining an estimate of the polarized CMB with a tracer of the projected large-scale structure. The large-scale-structure tracer used is a map of the cosmic infrared background derived from Planck satellite data, while the polarized CMB map comes from a combination of South Pole Telescope, BICEP/Keck, and Planck data. We expand the BICEP/Keck likelihood analysis framework to accept a lensing template and apply it to the BICEP/Keck data set collected through 2014 using the same parametric foreground modelling as in the previous analysis. From simulations, we find that the uncertainty on $r$ is reduced by $\sim10\%$, from $��(r)$= 0.024 to 0.022, which can be compared with a $\sim26\%$ reduction obtained when using a perfect lensing template. Applying the technique to the real data, the constraint on $r$ is improved from $r_{0.05} < 0.090$ to $r_{0.05} < 0.082$ (95\% C.L.). This is the first demonstration of improvement in an $r$ constraint through delensing., 23 pages, 11 figures; match published version

Published
2020
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22. Neutrino Physics from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure

Author

K N Abazajian, K Arnold, J Austermann, B A Benson, C Bischoff, J Bock, J R Bond, J Borrill, E Calabrese, J E Carlstrom, C S Carvalho, C L Chang, H C Chiang, S Church, A Cooray, T M Crawford, K S Dawson, S Das, M J Devlin, M Dobbs, S Dodelson, O Dore, J Dunkley, J Errard, A Fraisse, J Gallicchio, N W Halverson, S Hanany, S R Hildebrandt, A Hincks, R Hlozek, G Holder, W L Holzapfel, K Honscheid, W Hu, J Hubmayr, K Irwin, W C Jones, M Kamionkowski, B Keating, R Keisler, L Knox, E Komatsu, J Kovac, C L Kuo, C Lawrence, A T Lee, E Leitch, E Linder, P Lubin, J McMahon, A Miller, L Newburgh, M D Niemack, H Nguyen, H T Nguyen, L Page, C Pryke, C L Reichardt, J E Ruhl, N Sehgal, U Seljak, J Sievers, E Silverstein, A Slosar, K M Smith, D Spergel, S T Staggs, A Stark, R Stompor, A G Vieregg, G Wang, S Watson, E J Wollack, W L K Wu, K W Yoon, and O Zahn

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

This is a report on the status and prospects of the quantification of neutrino properties through the cosmological neutrino background for the Cosmic Frontier of the Division of Particles and Fields Community Summer Study long-term planning exercise. Experiments planned and underway are prepared to study the cosmological neutrino background in detail via its influence on distance-redshift relations and the growth of structure. The program for the next decade described in this document, including upcoming spectroscopic galaxy surveys eBOSS and DESI and a new Stage-IV CMB polarization experiment CMB-S4, will achieve sigma (sigma*mass(sub v)= 16 meV and sigma (Effective number of neutrino species) = 0.020. Such a mass measurement will produce a high significance detection of non-zero sigma*mass(sub v), whose lower bound derived from atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillation data is about 58 meV. If neutrinos have a minimal normal mass hierarchy, this measurement will definitively rule out the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy, shedding light on one of the most puzzling aspects of the Standard Model of particle physics - the origin of mass. This precise a measurement of Neff will allow for high sensitivity to any light and dark degrees of freedom produced in the big bang and a precision test of the standard cosmological model prediction that the effective number of neutrino species = 3.046.

Published
2014
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23. Inflation Physics from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure

Author

K N Abazajian, K Arnold, J Austermann, B A Benson, C Bischoff, J Bock, J R Bond, J Borrill, I Buder, D L Burke, E Calabrese, J E Carlstrom, C S Carvalho, C L Chang, H C Chiang, S Church, A Cooray, T M Crawford, B P Crill, K S Dawson, S Das, M J Devline, M Dobbs, S Dodelson, O Dore, J Dunkley, J L Feng, A Fraisse, J Gallicchio, S B Giddings, D Green, N W Halverson, S Hannany, D Hanson, S R Hildebrant, A Hincks, R Hlozek, G Holder, W L Holzapfel, K Honscheid, G Horowitz, W Hu, J Hubmayr, K Irwin, M Jackson, W C Jones, R Kallosh, M Kamionkowski, B Keating, R Keisler, W Kinney, L Knox, E Komatsu, J Kovac, C L Kuo, A Kusaka, C Lawrence, A T Lee, E Leitch, A Linde, E Linder, P Lubin, J Maldacena, E Martinec, J McMahon, A Miller, V Mukhanov, L Newburgh, M D Niemack, H Nguyen, H T Nguyen, L Page, C Pryke, C L Reichardt, J E Ruhl, N Sehgal, U Seljak, L Senatore, J Sievers, E Silverstein, A Slosar, K M Smith, D Spergel, S T Staggs, A Stark, R Stompor, A G Vieregg, G Wang, S Watson, E J Wollack, W L K Wu, K W Yoon, O Zahn, and M Zaldarriaga

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Fluctuations in the intensity and polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the large-scale distribution of matter in the universe each contain clues about the nature of the earliest moments of time. The next generation of CMB and large-scale structure (LSS) experiments are poised to test the leading paradigm for these earliest moments-the theory of cosmic inflation-and to detect the imprints of the inflationary epoch, thereby dramatically increasing our understanding of fundamental physics and the early universe. A future CMB experiment with sufficient angular resolution and frequency coverage that surveys at least 1% of the sky to a depth of 1 uK-arcmin can deliver a constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio that will either result in a 5 sigma measurement of the energy scale of inflation or rule out all large-field inflation models, even in the presence of foregrounds and the gravitational lensing B-mode signal. LSS experiments, particularly spectroscopic surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, will complement the CMB effort by improving current constraints on running of the spectral index by up to a factor of four, improving constraints on curvature by a factor of ten, and providing non-Gaussianity constraints that are competitive with the current CMB bounds.

Published
2014
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24. Detection ofB-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2

Author

P. A. R. Ade, R. W. Aikin, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, C. D. Dowell, L. Duband, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, S. R. Golwala, M. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, V. V. Hristov, K. D. Irwin, K. S. Karkare, J. P. Kaufman, B. G. Keating, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, E. M. Leitch, M. Lueker, P. Mason, C. B. Netterfield, H. T. Nguyen, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, A. Orlando, C. Pryke, C. D. Reintsema, S. Richter, R. Schwarz, C. D. Sheehy, Z. K. Staniszewski, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, J. E. Tolan, A. D. Turner, A. G. Vieregg, C. L. Wong, and K. W. Yoon

Published
2014
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25. Thermal Links and Microstrip Transmission Lines in SPT-3G Bolometers

Author

Peter A. R. Ade, Faustin Carter, K. T. Story, J. S. Avva, Thomas Cecil, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, K. Vanderlinde, G. I. Noble, W. B. Everett, A. Cukierman, Q. Y. Tang, E. V. Denison, A. E. Lowitz, V. G. Yefremenko, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, Carole Tucker, K. L. Thompson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, N. W. Halverson, John E. Carlstrom, Amy N. Bender, J. A. Sobrin, Z. Pan, N. L. Harrington, Jason W. Henning, T. Natoli, Jason E. Austermann, S. S. Meyer, Kent D. Irwin, N. Whitehorn, D. Dutcher, Ralu Divan, Bradford Benson, K. W. Yoon, Graeme Smecher, A. Foster, Donna Kubik, J. F. Cliche, C. L. Kuo, Adrian T. Lee, Valentine Novosad, Andrew Nadolski, Zeeshan Ahmed, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, T. de Haan, M. Jonas, A. J. Gilbert, A. A. Stark, W. Holzapfel, Adam Anderson, J. E. Ruhl, John E. Pearson, Leila R. Vale, C. S. Miller, M. A. Dobbs, N. Huang, J. C. Groh, Aritoki Suzuki, H. Nguyen, L. J. Saunders, C. M. Posada, A. M. Kofman, I. Shirley, Daniel Michalik, O. B. Jeong, Gensheng Wang, Joaquin Vieira, Liliana Stan, Erik Shirokoff, Stephen Padin, M. Korman, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, and J. T. Sayre

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Microstrip, Computer Science::Other, law.invention, South Pole Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Dissipation factor, General Materials Science, Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

In this work, we have measured the properties of membrane-suspended bolometer thermal links and microstrip transmission lines in the transition-edge sensor arrays for the third-generation camera for South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G). A promising technique for controlling the end point of the release etch that defines the thermal link has been developed. We have also evaluated the microstrip loss in our detectors by measuring the optical efficiency of detectors with different lengths of microstrip line. The loss tangent is sufficiently low for the use in multi-chronic pixels for cosmic microwave background instruments like SPT-3G.

Published
2018

26. Design and Assembly of SPT-3G Cold Readout Hardware

Author

Amy N. Bender, A. Cukierman, D. Dutcher, E. V. Denison, V. G. Yefremenko, C. M. Posada, W. B. Everett, Trupti Khaire, John E. Carlstrom, K. L. Thompson, Joaquin Vieira, Q. Y. Tang, Carole Tucker, Joshua Montgomery, A. E. Lowitz, Z. Pan, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Jason E. Austermann, K. W. Yoon, Graeme Smecher, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, Valentine Novosad, J. E. Ruhl, Faustin Carter, Leila R. Vale, Y. Hori, K. M. Rotermund, K. Vanderlinde, M. A. Dobbs, Peter A. R. Ade, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, K. T. Story, Oliver Jeong, J. F. Cliche, Kent D. Irwin, Gene C. Hilton, W. L. Holzapfel, M. Korman, A. A. Stark, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, Donna Kubik, John E. Pearson, Kaori Hattori, T. Natoli, Gensheng Wang, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, John Groh, A. J. Gilbert, Jason W. Henning, Tucker Elleflot, C. L. Kuo, A. Foster, Adam Anderson, Zeeshan Ahmed, Thomas Cecil, N. W. Halverson, T. de Haan, L. J. Saunders, J. A. Sobrin, H. Nguyen, Jessica Avva, Nathan Whitehorn, S. S. Meyer, Stephen Padin, Masaya Hasegawa, H. Nishino, A. M. Kofman, I. Shirley, Andrew Nadolski, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, G. I. Noble, Aaron Lee, Erik Shirokoff, N. Huang, J. T. Sayre, D. Barron, N. L. Harrington, and Bradford Benson

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Resonator, Upgrade, Thermal conductivity, South Pole Telescope, Planar, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, business, Electrical impedance, Stripline
Abstract

The third-generation upgrade to the receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, was installed at the South Pole during the 2016–2017 austral summer to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Increasing the number of detectors by a factor of 10 to ∼16,000 \ud ∼16,000\ud required the multiplexing factor to increase to 68 and the bandwidth of the frequency-division readout electronics to span 1.6–5.2 MHz. This increase necessitates low-thermal conductance, low-inductance cryogenic wiring. Our cold readout system consists of planar thin-film aluminum inductive–capacitive resonators, wired in series with the detectors, summed together, and connected to 4K SQUIDs by 10−μm \ud 10−μm\ud -thick niobium–titanium (NbTi) broadside-coupled striplines. Here, we present an overview of the cold readout electronics for SPT-3G, including assembly details and characterization of electrical and thermal properties of the system. We report, for the NbTi striplines, values of R≤10 −4 Ω \ud R≤10−4Ω\ud , L=21±1 nH \ud L=21±1 nH\ud , and C=1.47±.02 nF \ud C=1.47±.02 nF\ud . Additionally, the striplines’ thermal conductivity is described by kA=6.0±0.3 T 0.92±0.04 μW mm K −1 \ud kA=6.0±0.3 T0.92±0.04 μW mm K−1\ud . Finally, we provide projections for cross talk induced by parasitic impedances from the stripline and find that the median value of percentage cross talk from leakage current is 0.22 and 0.09% \ud 0.09%\ud from wiring impedance.

Published
2018

27. Therapeutic effects of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kitaib in a murine model of atopic dermatitis

Author

H. J. Jeong, Myoung-schook Yoou, Y. Seo, K. J. Ryu, H. M. Kim, and K. W. Yoon

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, Administration, Topical, Dermatology, Immunoglobulin E, Artemisia scoparia, Dermatitis, Atopic, Proinflammatory cytokine, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Medicine, RNA, Messenger, Skin, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, Plant Extracts, business.industry, Caspase 1, Interleukin, Atopic dermatitis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Medicine, Korean Traditional, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Artemisia, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, biology.protein, Dinitrofluorobenzene, Chlorogenic Acid, business, Histamine, Phytotherapy
Abstract

Background Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kitaib (AS) (Oriental wormwood, known as Bissuk in Korea) is a plant used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical treatments. However, the effect of AS on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been described. Aim To examine the inhibitory effect of AS on AD using a murine model. Methods We applied either AS, the butanol-extracted fraction of AS (Bu-OH) or 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (DEQA, a major component of Bu-OH) topically for 3 weeks to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced skin lesions in BALB/c mice. Results AS, Bu-OH and DEQA suppressed the clinical symptoms of DNFB-induced skin lesions and he associated scratching behaviour. Numbers of inflammatory cells infiltrating skin lesions were significantly reduced by AS or Bu-OH application but not by DEQA. In addition, AS significantly suppressed serum levels of histamine and IgE, while Bu-OH significantly suppressed serum levels of histamine, IgE, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6, and DEQA significantly suppressed serum levels of histamine, IgE, TSLP and IL-4 in DNFB-induced AD mice. In skin lesions, AS and Bu-OH significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines, whereas DEQA did not. AS, Bu-OH and DEQA all significantly suppressed caspase-1 activities. Conclusions These results demonstrate the anti-AD effects of AS, Bu-OH and DEQA, and suggest that all three have therapeutic potential.

Published
2018

28. Fabrication of Detector Arrays for the SPT-3G Receiver

Author

N. W. Halverson, K. Vanderlinde, J. E. Ruhl, Leila R. Vale, C. L. Kuo, M. A. Dobbs, K. L. Thompson, Zeeshan Ahmed, Z. Pan, T. Natoli, Aaron Lee, Peter A. R. Ade, C. M. Posada, Bradford Benson, Jason W. Henning, E. V. Denison, A. Foster, A. E. Lowitz, K. T. Story, Amy N. Bender, V. G. Yefremenko, A. Cukierman, D. Dutcher, T. de Haan, Thomas Cecil, Joaquin Vieira, G. I. Noble, Jason E. Austermann, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, Kent D. Irwin, J. F. Cliche, Valentine Novosad, W. L. Holzapfel, K. W. Yoon, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, A. J. Gilbert, Andrew Nadolski, Adam Anderson, N. Huang, Donna Kubik, Graeme Smecher, W. B. Everett, Nathan Whitehorn, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, John Groh, N. L. Harrington, Q. Y. Tang, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, J. A. Sobrin, Trupti Khaire, Liliana Stan, S. S. Meyer, Carole Tucker, J. T. Sayre, Joshua Montgomery, Erik Shirokoff, Jessica Avva, I. Shirley, C. S. Miller, Stephen Padin, M. Korman, H. Nguyen, A. M. Kofman, Ralu Divan, L. J. Saunders, John E. Pearson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, A. A. Stark, John E. Carlstrom, Oliver Jeong, Faustin Carter, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, and Gene C. Hilton

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Radio spectrum, law.invention, Cardinal point, Optics, South Pole Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Antenna (radio), 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

The South Pole Telescope third-generation (SPT-3G) receiver was installed during the austral summer of 2016–2017. It is designed to measure the cosmic microwave background across three frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. The SPT-3G receiver has ten focal plane modules, each with 269 pixels. Each pixel features a broadband sinuous antenna coupled to a niobium microstrip transmission line. In-line filters define the desired band-passes before the signal is coupled to six bolometers with Ti/Au/Ti/Au transition edge sensors (three bands × \ud ×\ud two polarizations). In total, the SPT-3G receiver is composed of 16,000 detectors, which are read out using a 68× \ud ×\ud frequency-domain multiplexing scheme. In this paper, we present the process employed in fabricating the detector arrays.

Published
2018

29. Broadband, millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for large-format, cryogenic aluminum oxide optics

Author

N. Huang, W. L. Holzapfel, W. B. Everett, Jason Gallicchio, Z. Ahmed, A. E. Gambrel, Marion Dierickx, J. A. Sobrin, Jason W. Henning, T. de Haan, S. S. Meyer, A. Suzuki, Joaquin Vieira, D. Dutcher, S. Guns, K. W. Yoon, J. Stephen, Graeme Smecher, K. Vanderlinde, Andrew Nadolski, Aled Jones, Lincoln Bryant, Valentine Novosad, J. C. Groh, D. Howe, C. M. Po sada, H. Nguyen, J. Fu, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, T. Natoli, Faustin Carter, L. Florez, John M Kovac, A. Foster, J. T. Sayre, Thomas Cecil, Erik Shirokoff, A. Lowitz, Antony A. Stark, P. Paschos, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, C. L. Kuo, Kent D. Irwin, J. E. Ruhl, A. M. Kofman, Daniel Michalik, K. R. Ferguson, C. Tucker, J. Cheshire, Adam Anderson, M. R. Young, Grace E. Chesmore, Gensheng Wang, M. Korman, Donna Kubik, V. G. Yefremenko, W. Quan, S. Padin, J. F. Cliche, Jeff McMahon, John E. Pearson, J. Meier, Jessica Avva, A. Cukierman, R. Guyser, Andreas Bender, G. I. Noble, M. Jonas, C. Tandoi, N. W. Halverson, Peter A. R. Ade, R. J. Harris, K. T. Story, Bradford Benson, Nathan Whitehorn, N. L. Harrington, Joshua Montgomery, D. Riebel, K. L. Thompson, Z. Pan, Oliver Jeong, Robert Gardner, John E. Carlstrom, J. Farwick, Adrian T. Lee, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, and Chihway Chang

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Fabrication, Oxide, FOS: Physical sciences, Dielectric, Substrate (electronics), Lenslet, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Transmittance, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, engineering, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Refractive index
Abstract

We present two prescriptions for broadband (~77 - 252 GHz), millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for cryogenic, sintered polycrystalline aluminum oxide optics: one for large-format (700 mm diameter) planar and plano-convex elements, the other for densely packed arrays of quasi-optical elements, in our case 5 mm diameter half-spheres (called "lenslets"). The coatings comprise three layers of commercially-available, polytetrafluoroethylene-based, dielectric sheet material. The lenslet coating is molded to fit the 150 mm diameter arrays directly while the large-diameter lenses are coated using a tiled approach. We review the fabrication processes for both prescriptions then discuss laboratory measurements of their transmittance and reflectance. In addition, we present the inferred refractive indices and loss tangents for the coating materials and the aluminum oxide substrate. We find that at 150 GHz and 300 K the large-format coating sample achieves (97 +/- 2)% transmittance and the lenslet coating sample achieves (94 +/- 3)% transmittance., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures; submitted 05 Dec 2019, accepted 26 Feb 2020

Published
2019
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30. Tuning SPT-3G transition-edge-sensor electrical properties with a four-ayer Ti–Au–Ti–Au thin-film stack

Author

T. de Haan, A. Cukierman, P. A. R. Ade, Daniel Michalik, W. B. Everett, Gensheng Wang, Trupti Khaire, C. L. Kuo, Joshua Montgomery, Andrew Nadolski, Zeeshan Ahmed, Amy N. Bender, V. Kutepova, C. S. Miller, Q. Y. Tang, K. T. Story, N. L. Harrington, Liliana Stan, D. Dutcher, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, John E. Pearson, Jessica Avva, Carole Tucker, Bradford Benson, Erik Shirokoff, Stephen Padin, N. W. Halverson, Nathan Whitehorn, Kent D. Irwin, C. M. Posada, W. L. Holzapfel, J. F. Cliche, Aaron Lee, Joaquin Vieira, J. A. Sobrin, Donna Kubik, H. Nguyen, Jason E. Austermann, S. S. Meyer, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, A. E. Lowitz, I. Shirley, J. T. Sayre, L. J. Saunders, K. W. Yoon, A. M. Kofman, Graeme Smecher, N. Huang, G. I. Noble, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, M. Korman, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, K. Vanderlinde, Jason W. Henning, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, John E. Carlstrom, Oliver Jeong, A. A. Stark, Thomas Cecil, T. Natoli, A. Foster, V. Novosad, John Groh, J. E. Ruhl, Leila R. Vale, M. A. Dobbs, K. L. Thompson, Z. Pan, Faustin Carter, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, E. V. Denison, V. G. Yefremenko, and Ralu Divan

Subjects
Superconductivity, Materials science, business.industry, Transition temperature, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Stack (abstract data type), 0103 physical sciences, Proximity effect (audio), Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Thin film, Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

We have developed superconducting Ti transition-edge sensors with Au protection layers on the top and bottom for the South Pole Telescope’s third-generation receiver (a cosmic microwave background polarimeter, due to be upgraded this austral summer of 2017/2018). The base Au layer (deposited on a thin Ti glue layer) isolates the Ti from any substrate effects; the top Au layer protects the Ti from oxidation during processing and subsequent use of the sensors. We control the transition temperature and normal resistance of the sensors by varying the sensor width and the relative thicknesses of the Ti and Au layers. The transition temperature is roughly six times more sensitive to the thickness of the base Au layer than to that of the top Au layer. The normal resistance is inversely proportional to sensor width for any given film configuration. For widths greater than five micrometers, the critical temperature is independent of width.

Published
2018

31. SPT-3G: a multichroic receiver for the South Pole Telescope

Author

N. Kuklev, H. M. Cho, Faustin Carter, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, E. V. Denison, N. Huang, V. G. Yefremenko, Christian L. Reichardt, Peter S. Barry, K. L. Thompson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Z. Pan, Gilbert Holder, A. A. Stark, N. W. Halverson, T. de Haan, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, Kent D. Irwin, N. L. Harrington, John Groh, W. L. Holzapfel, Q. Y. Tang, Jessica Avva, A. Cukierman, John E. Carlstrom, Donna Kubik, T. Natoli, A. E. Lowitz, John E. Pearson, Stephen Padin, Bradford Benson, J. E. Ruhl, Jason W. Henning, W. B. Everett, Carole Tucker, Leila R. Vale, A. Foster, Daniel Michalik, Thomas Cecil, Gensheng Wang, Jason E. Austermann, Valentine Novosad, J. A. Sobrin, K. W. Yoon, Oliver Jeong, H. Nguyen, Graeme Smecher, Lindsey Bleem, Amy N. Bender, S. S. Meyer, R. N. Gannon, Karen Byrum, L. J. Saunders, J. F. Cliche, D. Dutcher, C. M. Posada, M. R. Young, K. Vanderlinde, I. Shirley, Steve Kuhlmann, Matt Dobbs, Joaquin Vieira, Lloyd Knox, G. I. Noble, A. M. Kofman, C. L. Kuo, T. M. Crawford, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, Zeeshan Ahmed, Peter A. R. Ade, K. T. Story, Nathan Whitehorn, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, J. T. Sayre, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, E. M. Leitch, M. Korman, Erik Shirokoff, Aaron Lee, and Andrew Nadolski

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational wave, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Gravitational lens, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster
Abstract

A new receiver for the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, was deployed in early 2017 to map the cosmic microwave background at 95, 150, and 220 GHz with ∼ \ud ∼\ud 16,000 detectors, 10 times more than its predecessor SPTpol. The increase in detector count is made possible by lenslet-coupled trichroic polarization-sensitive pixels fabricated at Argonne National Laboratory, new 68× \ud ×\ud frequency-domain multiplexing readout electronics, and a higher-throughput optical design. The enhanced sensitivity of SPT-3G will enable a wide range of results including constraints on primordial B-mode polarization, measurements of gravitational lensing of the CMB, and a galaxy cluster survey. Here we present an overview of the instrument and its science objectives, highlighting its measured performance and plans for the upcoming 2018 observing season.

Published
2018

32. Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers

Author

R. W. Ogburn, E. Bullock, Mark Halpern, B. Racine, Grant Teply, M. Lueker, K. Lau, J. Willmert, S. J. Benton, G. Hall, H. T. Nguyen, I. Buder, Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Bryan Steinbach, J. Kang, R. Bowens-Rubin, Hong Yang, Abigail G. Vieregg, Randol W. Aikin, M. Crumrine, J. Connors, K. L. Thompson, B. G. Keating, Howard Hui, J. P. Kaufman, K. G. Megerian, C. L. Kuo, S. A. Harrison, S. Palladino, Marion Dierickx, Justus A. Brevik, Carole Tucker, S. Fliescher, Chris Pentacoff, N. A. Larsen, Zeeshan Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, S. R. Hildebrandt, Victor Buza, A. Wandui, J. E. Tolan, Denis Barkats, C. L. Wong, Kate D. Alexander, Roger O'Brient, E. Karpel, C. Pryke, Jeffrey P. Filippini, J. J. Bock, R. V. Sudiwala, S. Kefeli, W. L. K. Wu, C. D. Sheehy, K. W. Yoon, D. V. Wiebe, Cora Dvorkin, R. Schwarz, E. M. Leitch, J. Cornelison, C. Umiltà, A. C. Weber, John M Kovac, G. C. Hilton, Kirit Karkare, Kent D. Irwin, S. Richter, Colin A. Bischoff, B. P. Crill, Alessandro Schillaci, T. St. Germaine, Ahmed Soliman, J. A. Grayson, C. Zhang, A. D. Turner, L. Duband, T. Namikawa, Z. K. Staniszewski, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Cryostat, Materials science, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Transmission loss, polymer, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, fabrication, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, microwaves, 010309 optics, Optics, Vacuum Windows, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), attenuation, Primordial Gravitational Waves, business.industry, Attenuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation: primordial, Polymer Materials, Polarization (waves), sensitivity, BICEP, vacuum system, Wavelength, Millimeter Wavelengths, cryogenics, Keck Array, Millimeter, atmosphere: pressure, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Microwave, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Targeting faint polarization patterns arising from Primordial Gravitational Waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background requires excellent observational sensitivity. Optical elements in small aperture experiments such as Bicep3 and Keck Array are designed to optimize throughput and minimize losses from transmission, reflection and scattering at millimeter wavelengths. As aperture size increases, cryostat vacuum windows must withstand larger forces from atmospheric pressure and the solution has often led to a thicker window at the expense of larger transmission loss. We have identified a new candidate material for the fabrication of vacuum windows: with a tensile strength two orders of magnitude larger than previously used materials, woven high-modulus polyethylene could allow for dramatically thinner windows, and therefore significantly reduced losses and higher sensitivity. In these proceedings we investigate the suitability of high-modulus polyethylene windows for ground-based CMB experiments, such as current and future receivers in the Bicep/Keck Array program. This includes characterizing their optical transmission as well as their mechanical behavior under atmospheric pressure. We find that such ultra-thin materials are promising candidates to improve the performance of large-aperture instruments at millimeter wavelengths, and outline a plan for further tests ahead of a possible upcoming field deployment of such a science-grade window., Comment: Published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 10708: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI, June 2018. 14 pages, 7 figures

Published
2018

33. Results from the Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) Experiment

Author

Sara M. Simon, Norman Jarosik, Matthew Hasselfield, Steve K. Choi, S. P. Ho, K. W. Yoon, Gene C. Hilton, Gonzalo A. Palma, Kent D. Irwin, Michael R. Nolta, J. W. Appel, Hsiao-Mei Cho, Michael D. Niemack, Carl D. Reintsema, Jonathan Sievers, Akito Kusaka, Lucas Parker, Joseph W. Fowler, Suzanne T. Staggs, Luis E. Campusano, G. W. Nixon, Thomas Essinger-Hileman, James A. Beall, Kevin T. Crowley, Katerina Visnjic, Patricio A. Gallardo, Lyman A. Page, and Srinivasan Raghunathan

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Atacama B-Mode Search, Planck, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Cosmic dust, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 13. Climate action, Sky, symbols, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Right ascension, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) is an experiment designed to measure cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization at large angular scales ($\ell>40$). It operated from the ACT site at 5190~m elevation in northern Chile at 145 GHz with a net sensitivity (NEQ) of 41 $��$K$\sqrt{\rm s}$. It employed an ambient-temperature sapphire half-wave plate rotating at 2.55 Hz to modulate the incident polarization signal and reduce systematic effects. We report here on the analysis of data from a 2400 deg$^2$ patch of sky centered at declination $-42^\circ$ and right ascension $25^\circ$. We perform a blind analysis. After unblinding, we find agreement with the Planck TE and EE measurements on the same region of sky. We marginally detect polarized dust emission and give an upper limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of $r, 38 pages, 11 figures

Published
2018
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34. Hemorrhagic Transformation of Scrub Typhus Encephalitis: A Rare Entity

Author

K.-W. Yoon, D.-S. Yoo, H.-C. Kim, and C.-S. Cho

Subjects
Doxycycline, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, animal structures, Neurology, Orientia tsutsugamushi, integumentary system, biology, business.industry, animal diseases, Scrub typhus, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, medicine, bacteria, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, Complication, Meningitis, Encephalitis, medicine.drug
Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of scrub typhus infection is well known. Most CNS involvement of scrub typhus infection present as meningitis or encephalitis. We report on a patient suffering from hemorrhagic transformation of intracranial lesions caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. A 53-year-old female farmer who was infected by scrub typhus was treated with doxycycline and recovered from the systemic illness. However, headache persisted. Brain radiologic studies revealed acute intracranial hemorrhage and enhancing lesion, which implied a CNS involvement. Hemorrhagic transformation of encephalitis by scrub typhus is very rare complication and to our best knowledge, this is the first report of hemorrhagic transformation of scrub typhus encephalitis. Clinician should consider the possibility of hemorrhagic transformation of encephalitis in cases of scrub typhus infection.

Published
2014

35. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS 2

Author

C. A. Vlahu, M. De Graaff, D. G. Struijk, R. T. Krediet, H.-S. Shin, E.-S. Ryu, H.-S. Choi, D.-R. Ryu, K.-B. Choi, D.-H. Kang, E. Sanchez-Alvarez, C. Rodriguez-Suarez, J. A. Galvan-.Hernandez, Y. L. Kim, Y. K. Kee, M. J. Lee, H. J. Oh, J. T. Park, S. H. Han, T.-H. Yoo, S.-W. Kang, F. Zhu, S. R. Abbas, R. Bologa, B. Lanto, P. Kotanko, A. Parikova, W. Smit, M. Rroji ( Molla), S. Seferi, M. Cafka, N. Thereska, C.-C. Huang, I.-K. Wang, Y.-T. Shiao, L. Teixeira, I. Sousa, A. Rodrigues, D. Mendonca, A. Ueda, M. Iwase, T. Usui, A. Hirayama, K. Nagai, C. Saito, K. Yamagata, V. La Milia, G. Pontoriero, F. Locatelli, S. M. Kim, T. Y. Kim, J. E. Lee, D. Teta, M.-P. Guillodo, A. Kolko-Labadens, C. Lasseur, M. Levannier, M. Panaye, D. Fouque, C. HAMADA, K. Hara, S. H. Kang, K. H. Cho, J. W. Park, K. W. Yoon, J. Y. Do, I. Dogan, B. Biro Dr, G. Zakar Dr, Z. Foldine, S. Staudt, A. R. Martins, R. Vizinho, P. Q. Branco, M. A. Gaspar, J. D. Barata, D. Sikorska, P. Klysz, B. Posnik, E. Baum, K. Hoppe, K. Schwermer, M. Wanic-Kossowska, D. Frankiewicz, K. Pawlaczyk, B. Lindholm, A. Oko, M. Busuioc, P. Trolliet, A. Guerraoui, A. Caillette-Beaudoin, P. Hallonet, J.-O. Yang, M. Gursu, D. Topcuoglu, L. K. Koc, L. Yucel, A. Sumnu, E. Cebeci, B. Doner, O. Ozkan, A. Behlul, L. Koc, S. Ozturk, R. Kazancioglu, A. I. I. Casas Parra, M. T. T. Gonzalez, D. A. Sandoval, G. C. Carlota, J. M. M. Grinyo, C.-H. Tseng, C.-T. Chao, C.-J. Yen, C.-K. Chiang, K.-Y. Hung, J.-W. Huang, J. S. Al Wakeel, M. Al Ghonaim, A. Al Suwaida, A. Al Harbi, Z. Makoshi, S. Abdullah, Y. Matsushita, N. Basic-Jukic, D. Coen-Herak, Z. Martinovic, M. Radi -Antoli, P. Kes, T.-J. Wu, J.-S. Chen, S.-H. Lin, J.-C. Shiang, C.-C. Wu, D. Munteanu, M. Gemene, G. Mircescu, S. Opatrna, A. Popperlova, V. Tesar, I. Rychlik, O. Viklicky, K. Jin, B.-S. Park, H. J. Jeong, Y.-W. Kim, S. Hogas, L. Voroneanu, M. Onofriescu, I. Nistor, M. Apetrii, D. Siriopol, M. Cujba, M. Hogas, and A. Covic

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Medicine, business, Peritoneal dialysis
Published
2014

36. Peritoneal dialysis - A

Author

M. Ito, A. Emami-Naini, N. Keyvandarian, F. Moeinzadeh, M. Mortazavi, S. Taheri, K. Io, T. Nishino, Y. Obata, M. Kitamura, S. Abe, T. Koji, S. Kohno, K. Wakabayashi, C. Hamada, T. Nakano, R. Kanda, H. Io, S. Horikoshi, Y. Tomino, M. R. Korte, N. Braun, S. M. Habib, E. Goffin, A. Summers, L. Heuveling, M. G. H. Betjes, M. Lambie, J. Bankart, D. Johnson, R. Mactier, L. Phillips-Darby, N. Topley, S. Davies, F. X. Liu, R. Leipold, M. Arici, U. Farooqui, K.-h. Cho, J.-y. Do, S.-h. Kang, J.-W. Park, K.-W. Yoon, S.-Y. Jung, C. Sise, P. Rutherford, L. Kovacs, S. Konings, M. Pestana, J. Zimmermann, H. Cramp, D. Stein, K. Bang, J. H. Shin, J. Jeong, J.-H. Kim, N. Matsuo, Y. Maruyama, M. Nakao, Y. Tanno, I. Ohkido, H. Hayakawa, H. Yamamoto, K. Yokoyama, T. Hosoya, F. Iannuzzella, M. Corradini, L. Belloni, A. Stefani, M. Parmeggiani, S. Pasquali, O. Svedberg, P. Stenvinkel, A. R. Qureshi, P. Barany, O. Heimburger, P. Leurs, B. Anderstam, J. Waniewski, S. Antosiewicz, D. Baczynski, M. Galach, Z. Wankowicz, M. Prabhu, S. V. Subhramanyam, K. S. Nayak, J.-C. Hwang, M.-Y. Jiang, Y.-H. Lu, C.-T. Wang, C. Santos, A. Rodriguez-Carmona, M. Perez Fontan, B. Schaefer, S. Macher-Goeppinger, A. Bayazit, P. Sallay, S. Testa, S. Holland-Cunz, U. Querfeld, B. A. Warady, F. Schaefer, C. P. Schmitt, I. Guney, K. Turkmen, R. Yazici, S. Aslan, L. Altintepe, M. Yeksan, I. Kocyigit, M. Sipahioglu, O. Orscelik, A. Unal, A. Celik, S. Abbas, F. Zhu, B. Tokgoz, A. Dogan, O. Oymak, P. Kotanko, N. Levin, M. C. Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. L. Gonzalez-Casaus, E. Gonzalez-Parra, M. Albalate, V. Lorenzo, V. Torregrosa, E. Fernandez, C. de la Piedra, M. Rodriguez, M. Zeiler, T. Monteburini, R. M. Agostinelli, R. Marinelli, S. Santarelli, F. Bermond, C. Bagnis, C. Marcuccio, G. Soragna, M. Bruno, C. Vitale, M. Marangella, F. Martino, E. Scalzotto, M. P. Rodighiero, C. Crepaldi, C. Ronco, S. Seferi, M. Rroji, E. Likaj, M. Barbullushi, N. Thereska, E. J. Kim, J. H. Han, H. M. Koo, F. M. Doh, C. H. Kim, K. I. Ko, M. J. Lee, H. J. Oh, S. H. Han, T.-H. Yoo, K. H. Choi, S.-W. Kang, S. Uzun, S. Karadag, M. Yegen, M. Gursu, S. Ozturk, Z. Aydin, A. Sumnu, E. Cebeci, E. Atalay, R. Kazancioglu, D. Alscher, P. Fritz, J. Latus, M. Kimmel, D. Biegger, M. Lindenmeyer, C. D. Cohen, R. P. Wuthrich, S. Segerer, Y. K. Kim, H. W. Kim, H. C. Song, E. J. Choi, C. W. Yang, A. Matsuda, Y. Tayama, T. Ogawa, M. Iwanaga, S. Okazaki, M. Hatano, T. Kiba, T. Shimizu, H. Hasegawa, T. Mitarai, M. Dratwa, F. Collart, C. Verger, K. Takayanagi, T. Iwashita, C. Noiri, M. Inamura, S. Nakamura, H. Kato, M. H. Sipahioglu, F. Elmali, X. Zhang, J. Ma, A. Giuliani, L. Blanca-Martos, A. Nayak Karopadi, G. Mason, M. T. Santos, I. Fonseca, O. Santos, M. J. Rocha, M. J. Carvalho, A. Cabrita, A. Rodrigues, L. Scabbia, A. Domenici, F. Apponi, M. Tayefeh Jafari, F. Sivo, C. Falcone, G. Punzo, P. Mene, T. Yildirim, R. Yilmaz, A. Azak, M. Altindal, E. Turkmen, B. Altun, M. Duranay, Y. Erdem, M. Buyukbakkal, B. Eser, O. Yayar, Z. Ercan, A. Kali, B. Erdogan, A. Haspulat, O. Merhametsiz, G. Ulusal-Okyay, S. I. Akdag, M. D. Ayli, A. Pietrzycka, P. Miarka, E. Chowaniec, W. Sulowicz, M. Lutwin, M. Gaska, and A. Paciorek

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Medicine, business, Peritoneal dialysis
Published
2013

37. BICEP3 performance overview and planned Keck Array upgrade

Author

Z. Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, Mark Halpern, J. E. Tolan, Roger O'Brient, A. D. Turner, Howard Hui, R. Bowens-Rubin, K. W. Yoon, E. Karpel, K. L. Thompson, Victor Buza, Jake Connors, C. L. Kuo, J. Kang, Sarah M. Harrison, A. C. Weber, Kate D. Alexander, V. Monticue, I. Buder, C. Pryke, R. Schwarz, R. W. Ogburn, Bryan Steinbach, M. Amiri, D. V. Wiebe, Calvin B. Netterfield, C. D. Reintsema, James J. Bock, Stefan Richter, M. Lueker, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, E. Bullock, V. V. Hristov, H. T. Nguyen, Kent D. Irwin, H. Boenish, E. M. Leitch, Denis Barkats, J. A. Grayson, Grant Teply, K. G. Megerian, S. J. Benton, Jeffrey P. Filippini, S. Kefeli, S. Fliescher, Carole Tucker, Z. Staniszewski, W. L. K. Wu, T. Namikawa, C. Sorensen, A. Wandui, Colin A. Bischoff, C. D. Sheehy, Peter A. R. Ade, Abigail G. Vieregg, Holland, Wayne S., and Zmuidzinas, Jonas

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Cardinal point, Upgrade, Optics, Frequency coverage, Refracting telescope, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Transition edge, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

BICEP3 is a 520 mm aperture, compact two-lens refractor designed to observe the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz. Its focal plane consists of modularized tiles of antenna-coupled transition edge sensors (TESs), similar to those used in BICEP2 and the Keck Array. The increased per-receiver optical throughput compared to BICEP2/Keck Array, due to both its faster f/1.7 optics and the larger aperture, more than doubles the combined mapping speed of the BICEP/Keck program. The BICEP3 receiver was recently upgraded to a full complement of 20 tiles of detectors (2560 TESs) and is now beginning its second year of observation (and first science season) at the South Pole. We report on its current performance and observing plans. Given its high per-receiver throughput while maintaining the advantages of a compact design, BICEP3-class receivers are ideally suited as building blocks for a 3rd-generation CMB experiment, consisting of multiple receivers spanning 35 GHz to 270 GHz with total detector count in the tens of thousands. We present plans for such an array, the new "BICEP Array" that will replace the Keck Array at the South Pole, including design optimization, frequency coverage, and deployment/observing strategies., 17 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016

Published
2016

38. Peritoneal dialysis

Author

J. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Xu, X. Zhao, J. Qian, B. Sun, C. Xing, R. Kanda, C. Hamada, T. Nakano, K. Wakabayashi, H. Io, S. Horikoshi, Y. Tomino, N. Ishimatsu, T. Miyamoto, H. Morimoto, J. Nakamata, R. Baba, K. Kanegae, R. Serino, N. Kabashima, Y. Otsuji, Y. Doi, M. Tamura, T. Kusumoto, K. Fukami, S.-I. Yamagishi, S. Ueda, Y. Kaida, T. Hazama, Y. Nakayama, R. Ando, N. Obara, S. Okuda, M. Matsumoto, Y. Furuno, H. Bang-Gee, L. Mazzotta, A. Rosati, A. Carlini, V. T. Henriques, E. Zangiacomi Martinez, J. C. Divino-Filho, R. Pecoits-Filho, J. A. Cardeal Da Costa, T. Gama Axelsson, B. Lindholm, J. J. Carrero, O. Heimburger, P. Stenvinkel, A. R. Qureshi, M. Akazawa, T. Uno, E. Kanda, Y. Maeda, M. Aktsiali, S. Antonopoulou, K. Tsiolaki, N. Bakirtzi, A. Patrinou, M. Georgopoulou, P. Liaveri, N. Afentakis, G. Tsirpanlis, T. Hasegawa, H. Nishiwaki, M. Hirose, D. Komukai, H. Tayama, F. Koiwa, A. Yoshimura, S. L. Lui, S. Lui, S. Yung, C. Tang, F. Ng, W. K. Lo, T. M. Chan, H. M. Koo, F. M. Doh, D. E. Yoo, H. J. Oh, T.-H. Yoo, K. H. Choi, S.-W. Kang, D. S. Han, S. H. Han, N. Fernandes, M. G. Bastos, M. R. Gianotti Franco, A. Chaoubah, M. D. Gloria Lima, S. Kang, J. Do, K. Cho, J. Park, K. Yoon, J.-B. Chen, B.-C. Cheng, T.-C. Chen, Y.-J. Su, C.-H. Wu, Y. Park, J. Jeon, M. Tsikeloudi, P. Pateinakis, K. Patsatsi, E. Manou, D. Sotiriadis, D. Tsakiris, L. Teixeira, A. Rodrigues, M. J. Carvalho, A. Cabrita, D. Mendonca, M. Bruschi, G. Candiano, L. Santucci, S. Luzio, R. Cannavo, G. M. Ghiggeri, E. Verrina, Y. Varadarajan, B. Raju, K.-H. Cho, J.-W. Park, K.-W. Yoon, T.-W. Kim, M. Kimmel, N. Braun, J. Latus, M. D. Alscher, D. Struijk, S. Van Esch, R. T. Krediet, T. Van den Beukel, T. Hoekstra, L. Tirapani, K. De Andrade Bastos, M. Bastos, F. Dekker, T. Yasuhisa, H. Kanai, K. Harada, Y. Kawai, H. Sugiyama, Y. Ito, K. Tsuruya, H. Yoshida, H. Maruyama, S. Goto, M. Nakayama, H. Nakamoto, H. Morinaga, S. Matsuo, H. Makino, M. C. DI Gioia, P. Gallar, N. Laso, I. Rodriguez, G. Cobo, A. Oliet, J. Hynostroza, J. C. Herrero, C. Mon, M. Ortiz, A. Vigil, T. Tomo, J. Portoles, S. Uta, A. M. Tato, P. Lopez-Sanchez, M. Rivera, R. Rodriguez-Pena, G. Del Peso, M. Ortega, C. Felipe, E. Tsampikaki, G. Aperis, A. Kaikis, C. Paliouras, N. Karvouniaris, M. Maragaki, P. Alivanis, B. Kortus-Gotze, T. Hoferhusch, J. Hoyer, F. Martino, M. Kaushik, M. P. Rodighiero, C. Creapldi, C. Ronco, A. Lacquaniti, V. Donato, M. R. Fazio, S. Lucisano, V. Cernaro, R. Lupica, M. Buemi, C. Aloisi, N. Bavbek Ruzgaresen, S. Secilmis, H. Yilmaz, A. Akcay, M. Duranay, N. Akalin, M. R. Altiparmak, S. Trabulus, A. S. Yalin, R. Ataman, K. Serdengecti, K. Schneider, B. Bator, B. Niko, F. Peter, C. Ulmer, L. Joerg, K. Martin, B. Dagmar, O. German, R. Fabian, D. Juergen, S. Stephan, A. Dominik, P. Fritz, B. Rettenmaier, S. Hirschburger, S. Segerer, D. Biegger, T. Lang, G. Ott, M. Habib, M. Korte, M. Hagen, F. Dor, M. Betjes, R. Zietse, C. Scharpf, T. I. Chang, D. H. Shin, D.-S. Han, H. Y. Choi, Y. K. Lee, B. S. Kim, T. H. Yoo, H. C. Park, H. Y. Lee, N. Horimoto, K. Tuji, S. Kitamura, R. Isshiki, M. Iwagami, D. Tsutsumi, Y. Mochida, K. Ishioka, M. Oka, K. Maesato, H. Moriya, T. Ohtake, S. Hidaka, S. Kobayashi, C. Higuchi, Y. Tanihata, M. Ishii, H. Sugimoto, N. Sato, A. Kyono, T. Ogawa, H. Nishimura, K. Otsuka, J.-Y. Do, C. Du Halgouet, A. Latifa, V. Anne Sophie, D. Emmanuel, R. Christine, V. Francois, T. Grzelak, L. Czyzewska-Majchrzak, M. Kramkowska, H. Witmanowski, K. Czyzewska, K. Janda, M. Krzanowski, P. Dumnicka, W. Sulowicz, M. Rroji, S. Seferi, M. Barbullushi, E. Likaj, E. Petrela, N. Thereska, G. Cabiddu, E. Dessi, A. Arceri, P. Laura, E. Manca, M. Conti, R. Cao, A. Pani, C.-T. Liao, O. Vega Vega, A. Mendoza de la Garza, R. Correa-Rotter, A. Ueda, K. Nagai, M. Morimoto, A. Hirayama, S. Owada, Y. Tonozuka, C. Saito, K. Yamagata, A. Matsuda, Y. Tayama, M. Iwanaga, C. Noiri, M. Hatano, T. Kiba, K. Kanozawa, H. Katou, H. Hasegawa, T. Mitarai, S. Ros-Ruiz, L. Fuentes-Sanchez, C. Jironda-Gallegos, E. Gutierrez-Vilches, P. Garcia-Frias, D. Hernandez-Marrero, S. Lee, X. Lai, W. Chen, Z. Guo, M. Braide, V. Cristina, S. G. Popa, M. Maria, M. Eugen, P. DI Loreto, N. Spahia, L. O. Sanchez Macias, K. I. Lares Castellanos, J. A. Hernandez Pacheco, R. Correa Rotter, A. Pedro Ventura, S. Olivia, V. Joana, F. Francisco, C. Maria Joao, C. Antonio, A. S. Rodrigues, N. Atas, Y. Erten, K. Onec, S. Inal, S. Topal, A. Akyel, B. Celik, G. U. Okyay, Y. Tavil, M. Zeiler, T. Monteburini, R. M. Agostinelli, R. Marinelli, S. Santarelli, C. Yaylaci, G. Sahin, G. Guz, S. Sindel, A. Pinho, A. Malho Guedes, A. Fragoso, H. Carreira, I. Pinto, I. Bernardo, P. Leao, B. Kusnierz-Cabala, A. Krasniak, E. Chowaniec, B. Tabor-Ciepiela, K. Turkmen, O. Ozbek, M. Kayrak, C. Samur, I. Guler, H. Z. Tonbul, K. Rusai, R. Herzog, K. Kratochwill, L. Kuster, C. Aufricht, C.-M. Meier, D. Fliser, M. K. Schilling, M. Klingele, M. Fukasawa, M. Takeda, M. Kamiyama, Y. R. Song, H. J. Kim, S. G. Kim, J.-K. Kim, J. W. Noh, J. W. Yoon, and J.-R. Koo

Subjects
Transplantation, Nephrology
Published
2012

39. Suppressing Beam Systematics in Antenna-Coupled TES Bolometers for CMB Polarimetry

Author

N. Llombert, A. D. Turner, M. Lueker, Roger O'Brient, Howard Hui, C. L. Kuo, H. Ngyen, K. W. Yoon, Peter Day, J. J. Bock, Grant Teply, Z. Stanizewski, and J. Bonnetti

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Bolometer, Bandwidth (signal processing), Polarimetry, Optical power, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Full width at half maximum, Optics, law, General Materials Science, business
Abstract

We have deployed arrays of antenna-coupled TES bolometers for cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimetry in the BICEP2 and Keck array experiments and will deploy similar detectors in SPIDER and Polar-1. Each pixel receives optical power centered at 146 GHz with a 20% bandwidth (−10 dB edges) through an integrated dual-polarized phased-array antenna. In past deployments, these detectors have shown offsets in the two polarizations’ beam centroids (differential ‘steering’), but we have redesigned the feed networks by strategically spacing lines and adding intentional phase delays to suppress this unwanted effect. We expect that the focal planes in this season’s deployment of Keck and in SPIDER will have detectors with less than 5′ steering, which is 0.5% of the 14.2° nominal antenna’s FWHM (i.e. without lenses). We have also redesigned the antenna-array’s illumination pattern to suppress side-lobe response in anticipation of the Polar-1 experiment, reducing spillover by a factor of 2.5.

Published
2012

40. An All Silicon Feedhorn-Coupled Focal Plane for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry

Author

Aaron Lee, C. L. Chang, Lindsey Bleem, T. Natoli, Michael D. Niemack, N. W. Halverson, Dan Becker, Suzanne T. Staggs, A. T. Crites, Jeff McMahon, Dale Li, N. L. Harrington, J. Van Lanen, J. A. Beall, John P. Nibarger, Jason W. Henning, Jason E. Austermann, Bradford Benson, K. W. Yoon, Kent D. Irwin, J. Mehl, Anna E. Fox, Edward J. Wollack, W. L. Holzapfel, John E. Carlstrom, Thomas Essinger-Hileman, Gene C. Hilton, Laura Newburgh, Elizabeth George, Benjamin L. Schmitt, J. W. Appel, Johannes Hubmayr, L. P. Parker, and H. M. Cho

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Polarimetry, Polarimeter, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Cardinal point, Optics, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, General Materials Science, Transition edge sensor, business
Abstract

Upcoming experiments aim to produce high fidelity polarization maps of the cosmic microwave background. To achieve the required sensitivity, we are developing monolithic, feedhorn-coupled transition edge sensor polarimeter arrays operating at 150 GHz. We describe this focal plane architecture and the current status of this technology, focusing on single-pixel polarimeters being deployed on the Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) and an 84-pixel demonstration feedhorn array backed by four 10-pixel polarimeter arrays. The feedhorn array exhibits symmetric beams, cross-polar response less than -23 dB and excellent uniformity across the array. Monolithic polarimeter arrays, including arrays of silicon feedhorns, will be used in the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) and the South Pole Telescope Polarimeter (SPTpol) and have been proposed for upcoming balloon-borne instruments.

Published
2011

41. BICEP3: a 95GHz refracting telescope for degree-scale CMB polarization

Author

R. Bowens-Rubin, M. Amiri, C. Pryke, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, K. L. Thompson, Howard Hui, Jake Connors, K. W. Yoon, R. W. Ogburn, J. J. Bock, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Chao-Lin Kuo, Kent D. Irwin, H. Nguyen, J. A. Grayson, V. V. Hristov, I. Buder, Gene C. Hilton, Roger O'Brient, C. D. Reintsema, Stefan Richter, E. Bullock, Calvin B. Netterfield, Mark Halpern, W. L. K. Wu, Abigail G. Vieregg, Z. Ahmed, Jeffrey P. Filippini, J. Kang, S. J. Benton, Holland, Wayne S., and Zmuidzinas, Jonas

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), COSMIC cancer database, Pixel, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Cardinal point, Optics, law, Refracting telescope, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

BICEP3 is a 550 mm-aperture refracting telescope for polarimetry of radiation in the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz. It adopts the methodology of BICEP1, BICEP2 and the Keck Array experiments - it possesses sufficient resolution to search for signatures of the inflation-induced cosmic gravitational-wave background while utilizing a compact design for ease of construction and to facilitate the characterization and mitigation of systematics. However, BICEP3 represents a significant breakthrough in per-receiver sensitivity, with a focal plane area 5$\times$ larger than a BICEP2/Keck Array receiver and faster optics ($f/1.6$ vs. $f/2.4$). Large-aperture infrared-reflective metal-mesh filters and infrared-absorptive cold alumina filters and lenses were developed and implemented for its optics. The camera consists of 1280 dual-polarization pixels; each is a pair of orthogonal antenna arrays coupled to transition-edge sensor bolometers and read out by multiplexed SQUIDs. Upon deployment at the South Pole during the 2014-15 season, BICEP3 will have survey speed comparable to Keck Array 150 GHz (2013), and will significantly enhance spectral separation of primordial B-mode power from that of possible galactic dust contamination in the BICEP2 observation patch., 12 pages, 5 figures. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII. To be published in Proceedings of SPIE Volume 9153

Published
2014

42. Apoptosis mediates cell death following traumatic injury in rat hippocampal neurons

Author

P.T Shah, L.D Broder, Xiao Ming Xu, and K.-W. Yoon

Subjects
Programmed cell death, Excitotoxicity, Apoptosis, Cycloheximide, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Hippocampus, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Animals, Neurotoxin, Cells, Cultured, General Neuroscience, Neurotoxicity, medicine.disease, Rats, Cell biology, Disease Models, Animal, Traumatic injury, chemistry, Cell culture, Brain Injuries, Wounds and Injuries, Neuroscience
Abstract

A model of in vitro traumatic injury with dissociated rat hippocampal neurons was studied to explore the mechanism of cell death. The neurotoxicity induced by traumatic injury to the cell culture can be transferred to a naive uninjured culture by media exchange. This toxicity is attenuated by dimethylsulfoxide or superoxide dismutase, suggesting that this toxicity is mediated by a free radical generation. Ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists had no effect. This toxicity was effectively blocked by the pretreatment of the naive uninjured recipient cultures with cycloheximide or with actinomycin D. The DNA fragmentation could be illustrated with in situ nick translation in the cells which seem to have lost their cytoplasm. The nuclear morphology of neurons labeled by a neurofilament-specific antibody, SMI-31, demonstrated chromatin condensation and nucleosome formation. Traumatic injury induces release of an unknown toxin into the extracellular space. These observations suggest that a traumatized neuronal culture can propagate cell death of naive uninjured cells by releasing a neurotoxin that causes apoptosis.

Published
1997

43. The inhibitory effects of nicotinic antagonists on currents elicited by GABA in rat hippocampal neurons

Author

K.-W. Yoon and Virginia E. Wotring

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Patch-Clamp Techniques, medicine.drug_class, Molecular Conformation, Nicotinic Antagonists, Hippocampus, Membrane Potentials, GABA Antagonists, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Mecamylamine, medicine, Animals, GABA-A Receptor Antagonists, Nicotinic Agonists, Nicotinic Antagonist, Cells, Cultured, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Neurons, Chemistry, GABAA receptor, General Neuroscience, Receptor antagonist, Rats, Electrophysiology, Endocrinology, Nicotinic agonist, Trimethaphan, Convulsant, Hexamethonium, medicine.drug
Abstract

The nicotinic antagonists d-tubocurarine and trimethaphan camsylate competitively inhibit GABA-induced currents. Hexamethonium, mecamylamine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, other nicotinic antagonists, do not affect GABA-elicited currents. The trimethaphan effect is completely reversed by a putative convulsant receptor antagonist, alpha-isopropyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone, which implies that the trimethaphan binding site may be closely associated with the convulsant site. However, nicotine was ineffective in competing for either the d-tubocurarine or trimethaphan effect at the GABAA receptor. From these observations, we propose that the nicotinic and GABAA receptor ionophore complexes share similar configurational patterns that accommodate some of the same molecules. Possible mechanisms for the trimethaphan and d-tubocurarine blockades are discussed.

Published
1995

44. Design and characterization of 90 GHz feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeter pixels in the SPTPol camera

Author

J. T. Sayre, P. Ade, K. A. Aird, J. E. Austermann, J. A. Beall, D. Becker, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, J. Britton, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, H.-M. Cho, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, A. Datesman, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, A. Ewall-Wice, E. M. George, N. W. Halverson, N. Harrington, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, W. L. Holzapfel, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, M. Karfunkle, R. Keisler, J. Kennedy, A. T. Lee, E. Leitch, D. Li, M. Lueker, D. P. Marrone, J. J. McMahon, J. Mehl, S. S. Meyer, J. Montgomery, T. E. Montroy, J. Nagy, T. Natoli, J. P. Nibarger, M. D. Niemack, V. Novosad, S. Padin, C. Pryke, C. L. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, K. K. Schaffer, E. Shirokoff, K. Story, C. Tucker, K. Vanderlinde, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, R. Williamson, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, E. Young, Holland, Wayne S., and Zmuidzinas, J.

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Polarimeter, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, South Pole Telescope, Cardinal point, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The SPTpol camera is a two-color, polarization-sensitive bolometer receiver, and was installed on the 10 meter South Pole Telescope in January 2012. SPTpol is designed to study the faint polarization signals in the Cosmic Microwave Background, with two primary scientific goals. One is to constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio of perturbations in the primordial plasma, and thus constrain the space of permissible in inflationary models. The other is to measure the weak lensing effect of large-scale structure on CMB polarization, which can be used to constrain the sum of neutrino masses as well as other growth-related parameters. The SPTpol focal plane consists of seven 84-element monolithic arrays of 150 GHz pixels (588 total) and 180 individual 90 GHz single- pixel modules. In this paper we present the design and characterization of the 90 GHz modules.

Published
2012

45. Sinus thrombosis in a patient with intracranial hypotension: a suggested hypothesis of venous stasis. a case report

Author

K-W. Yoon, M-K. Cho, Y.J. Kim, C.S. Cho, and S-K. Lee

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Intracranial Hypotension, Venous stasis, Cerebral circulation, Medicine, Humans, Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cerebrospinal fluid leak, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, business.industry, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, Cerebral Veins, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Angiography, Cerebral blood flow, Anesthesia, Cerebrovascular Circulation, business, Superior Sagittal Sinus, Orthostatic headache, Cerebral angiography
Abstract

We describe the case of a 26-year-old man with orthostatic headache. Cerebral angiography revealed thrombosis in the sagittal sinus. Spine MRI showed cerebrospinal fluid collection at the C1–2 level. We performed blood patch and the symptoms disappeared. We report a rare case of intracranial hypotension caused by CSF leak and describe our hypothesis that SIH can change the velocity of cerebral blood flow and cause thrombosis.

Published
2010

46. The Atacama B-Mode Search: CMB Polarimetry with Transition-Edge-Sensor Bolometers

Author

T. Essinger-Hileman, J. W. Appel, J. A. Beal, H. M. Cho, J. Fowler, M. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, K. D. Irwin, T. A. Marriage, M. D. Niemack, L. Page, L. P. Parker, S. Pufu, S. T. Staggs, O. Stryzak, C. Visnjic, K. W. Yoon, Y. Zhao, Betty Young, Blas Cabrera, and Aaron Miller

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Polarimeter, Polarization (waves), law.invention, Optics, law, Atacama B-Mode Search, Transition edge sensor, business
Abstract

The Atacama B‐mode Search (ABS) experiment is a 145 GHz polarimeter designed to measure the B‐mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at large angular scales. The ABS instrument will ship to the Atacama Desert of Chile fully tested and ready to observe in 2010. ABS will image large‐angular‐scale CMB polarization anisotropies onto a focal plane of 240 feedhorn‐coupled, transition‐edge sensor (TES) polarimeters, using a cryogenic crossed‐Dragone design. The ABS detectors, which are fabricated at NIST, use orthomode transducers to couple orthogonal polarizations of incoming radiation onto separate TES bolometers. The incoming radiation is modulated by an ambient‐temperature half‐wave plate in front of the vacuum window at an aperture stop. Preliminary detector characterization indicates that the ABS detectors can achieve a sensitivity of 300 μKs in the field. This paper describes the ABS optical design and detector readout scheme, including feedhorn design and performance, magnetic shielding, focal plane architecture, and cryogenic electronics.

Published
2009

47. SPTpol: an instrument for CMB polarization

Author

J. J. McMahon, K. A. Aird, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, J. Britton, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, H. S. Cho, T. de Haan, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, A. Datesman, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, N. W. Halverson, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, D. Hrubes, K. D. Irwin, M. Joy, R. Keisler, T. M. Lanting, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, A. Loehr, M. Lueker, J. Mehl, S. S. Meyer, J. J. Mohr, T. E. Montroy, M. D. Niemack, C. C. Ngeow, V. Novosad, S. Padin, T. Plagge, C. Pryke, C. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, K. K. Schaffer, L. Shaw, E. Shirokoff, H. G. Spieler, B. Stadler, A. A. Stark, Z. Staniszewski, K. Vanderlinde, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, R. Williamson, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, O. Zhan, A. Zenteno, Betty Young, Blas Cabrera, and Aaron Miller

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic microwave background, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, South Pole Telescope, Optics, law, NIST, business
Abstract

SPTpol will consist of an 850 element polarization sensitive bolometric camera deployed to the South Pole Telescope in late 2011. This camera is optimized for measurement of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background with arcminute resolution. These measurements will be used to constrain neutrino masses and to constrain the amplitude of gravitational waves from inflation. The camera includes two detector architectures that observe in two different frequency bands. At 150 GHz, SPTpol will use 650 feedhorn‐coupled TES polarimeters fabricated at NIST. At 90 GHz, it will use 200 absorber‐coupled polarimeters developed at Argonne National Lab. The NIST pixels will be coupled to the telescope using a monolithic array of corrugated feeds and the Argonne devices will be coupled with individually machined contoured feeds. The entire focal plane will be readout using a digital frequency‐domain multiplexer system. We provide an overview of the project, describe the detectors and discuss the design of this system.

Published
2009

48. Feedhorn-Coupled TES Polarimeters for Next-Generation CMB Instruments

Author

K. W. Yoon, J. W. Appel, J. E. Austermann, J. A. Beall, D. Becker, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, J. Britton, C. L. Chang, J. E. Carlstrom, H.-M. Cho, A. T. Crites, T. Essinger-Hileman, W. Everett, N. W. Halverson, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, K. D. Irwin, J. McMahon, J. Mehl, S. S. Meyer, S. Moseley, M. D. Niemack, L. P. Parker, S. M. Simon, S. T. Staggs, K. U-yen, C. Visnjic, E. Wollack, Y. Zhao, Betty Young, Blas Cabrera, and Aaron Miller

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic microwave background, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), law.invention, Orthomode transducer, Optics, law, Extremely high frequency, business
Abstract

The next generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments targeting the signatures of inflation will require unprecedented sensitivities in addition to careful control of systematics. With existing detector technologies approaching the photon noise limit, improvements in system sensitivities must come from ever‐larger focal plane arrays of millimeter‐wave detectors. We report on the design and performance of microfabricated planar orthomode transducer (OMT) coupled TES polarimeters and silicon micromachined platelet feedhorns optimized for scaling to large monolithic arrays. Future versions of these detectors are targeted for deployment in a number of upcoming CMB experiments, including ABS, SPTpol, and ACTpol.

Published
2009

49. Optical properties of Feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters for CMB polarimetry

Author

L. E. Bleem, J. W. Appel, J. E. Austermann, J. A. Beall, D. T. Becker, B. A. Benson, J. Britton, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, H. M. Cho, A. T. Crites, T. Essinger-Hileman, W. Everett, N. W. Halverson, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, K. D. Irwin, J. McMahon, J. Mehl, S. S. Meyer, M. D. Niemack, L. P. Parker, S. M. Simon, S. T. Staggs, C. Visnjic, K. W. Yoon, Y. Zhao, Betty Young, Blas Cabrera, and Aaron Miller

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Polarimeter, Waveguide (optics), Microstrip, law.invention, Transducer, Optics, Band-pass filter, law, business
Abstract

We present data characterizing the optical properties of feedhorn‐coupled TES polarimeters useful for future CMB measurements. In this detector architecture, TES bolometers are coupled to radiation through superconducting microstrip to a planar ortho‐mode transducer inserted into waveguide. Filters in the microstrip define the pass bands for the detectors. We will present measurements of the co‐polar optical efficiency, the cross‐polar isolation and the detector bandpass and compare these results to expectations from simulations.

Published
2009

50. Progress Toward Corrugated Feed Horn Arrays in Silicon

Author

J. Britton, K. W. Yoon, J. A. Beall, D. Becker, H. M. Cho, G. C. Hilton, M. D. Niemack, K. D. Irwin, Betty Young, Blas Cabrera, and Aaron Miller

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Bolometer, chemistry.chemical_element, Feed horn, Particle detector, law.invention, Radiation pattern, Surface coating, Optics, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business, Microwave
Abstract

We are developing monolithic arrays of corrugated feed horns fabricated in silicon for dual‐polarization single‐mode operation at 90, 145 and 220 GHz. The arrays consist of hundreds of platelet feed horns assembled from gold‐coated stacks of micro‐machined silicon wafers. As a first step, Au‐coated Si waveguides with a circular, corrugated cross section were fabricated; their attenuation was measured to be less than 0.15 dB/cm from 80 to 110 GHz at room temperature. To ease the manufacture of horn arrays, electrolytic deposition of Au on degenerate Si without a metal seed layer was demonstrated. An apparatus for measuring the radiation pattern, optical efficiency, and spectral band‐pass of prototype horns is described. Feed horn arrays made of silicon may find use in measurements of the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation.

Published
2009

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