Search

The incidence of lipoid pneumonia in dogs is not known and confirmed cases do not appear to have been reported. Three forms of lipoid pneumonia are recognised in mammalian species; exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP), endogenous lipoid pneumonia (EnLP), and post-obstructive endogenous lipoid pneumonia (PEnLP). All forms share similar microscopic characteristics of fat accumulation in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and are otherwise clinically indistinct from other forms of pneumonia. A case of lipoid pneumonia in a seven-year-old rough collie dog which was presented with recurrent bronchopneumonia over several months is reported here. Diagnosis was made from biopsy of resected lung tissue and from detection of fat-containing vacuoles in macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. ELP could not be differentiated from PEnLP in this dog, but a complete recovery followed removal of the affected right accessory and caudal lung lobes.

Border disease of sheep is a transplacental viral infection of the foetus. In medium and fine fleeced breeds, the most consistent of the pathological changes is permanent primary follicle enlargement, first apparent at 115 days gestation and accompanied by increased fibre size and frequency of fibre medullation. A tendency for fewer secondary follicles to develop in Border disease is probably an indirect consequence of infection.

Eight dogs referred for the investigation of a persistent cough were found to have intrabronchial foreign bodies. The salient findings were haemoptysis, halitosis, eosinophilia and, on thoracic radiographs, an ill-defined peribronchial increase in radiodensity involving a caudal lobe bronchus. Bronchoscopy was essential to confirm the diagnosis as the results of radiography were equivocal. Removal of the foreign body via the trachea was achieved in seven patients resulting in complete recovery in six. Two dogs died of related complications.

Of four dogs which had ingested rat poison containing calciferol and warfarin, two survived and two died. The case histories including pathological findings of these dogs are presented and the biochemical effects and treatment of calciferol poisoning are discussed.

— —The Authors consider the following problems associated with cervical salivary cysts: incidence, distribution, diagnosis, cause, pathology, treatment and results of treatment. They present detailed comments on the prospects of success using a line of treatment modified from that originally described by Berge (1938) and more recently described by Kealy (1964). Resume— —Les auteurs considerent les problemes suivants qui sont associes a des kystes cervicaux salivaries: incidence, distribution, diagnostic, cause, pathologie, traitement et resultats du traitetnent. Ils presentent des commentaires detailles sur les chances de succes employant une methode de traitc-ment diffeente de celle precedemment decrite par Berge (1938) et plus recemment par Kealy (1964). Zusammenfassung— —Die Autoren erwagen die folgenden, mit zervikalen Spiechelzysten zusam-menhangenden Probleme: Auftreten, Verbreitung, Diagnosis, Ursache, pathologischer Befund, Behandlung und Resultate der Behandlung. Sie machen ausfuhrliche Kommentare uber die Erfolgs-aussichten bei Einstaz einer Behandlungsart, welche, von der ursprunglich von Berge (1938) und kurzlicher von Kealy (1964) beschreibenen Methode etwas abweicht.

Three experiments involving six sheep were carried out at three different times in the annual wool growth cycle. Forty-eight full-thickness fitted autografts were sampled 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 21 and 28 days after grafting. The histopathology of the grafts is described. Individual variation in 'take' was probably related to the speed with which vascular integrity was reestablished between graft and bed. Delayed acceptance caused the death of pilosebaceous units. In a successful graft, wool follicle regeneration appears to occur in three main ways: (1) an inactive follicle regenerates from the dormant bulb at about seven days, (2) follicles that were active at the time of grafting have first to form a papilla stalk, and such follicles did not become active until 11 days, (3) sometimes one or more outgrowths appeared at higher levels suggesting follicle regeneration by branching. In addition there were a few instances of de novo downgrowth of follicle plugs from the epidermis. Wool growth on the graft therefore arises almost entirely from the reorganisation of preexisting follicles.

Lung tumours are not common in domestic animals; there has not been the increase in epidermoid carcinomas and anaplastic small-cell carcinomas that has occurred in man this century. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type in animals. The biological behaviour of each type of tumour in animals seems to be much the same as in man. The tumours are described histologically, the main categories being: epidermoid carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, combined epidermoid and adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumours, bronchial gland tumours, benign tumours, and sarcomas.

During the period from January 1969 to January 1975, twenty-five cases of malignant haemangioendothelioma were found in the course of routine post-mortem examinations. One case was observed in the period 1949–1952. The two periods are compared with respect to age, breed and sex of dogs examined. The Alsatian was represented significantly more than other breeds (eleven out of twenty-five cases) and particularly in cases involving the right atrium (seven Alsatians in a total of eleven cases). The post-mortem findings and histology are described. It is suggested that there are three groups of cases, namely, primary spleen, primary right atrium and primary at some other site.

The survival times from birth of 39 entire male Large White pigs with hereditary lymphosarcoma (L/S) were significantly shorter than those of 76 affected females. The survival times of 19 male castrates were for the most part intermediate between those for entire males and females. Analysis of the cause of death revealed that pigs with L/S (L/S-P) were more likely than pigs without L/S to die from colibacillosis, but this disease showed to sex predisposition. In uncomplicated deaths from L/S, weights of splanchnic lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus were greatest in females. The cell-mediated and humoral antibody responses of L/S-P were significantly poorer against 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and sheep red blood cells, poorer against skin homografts, but better against bovine serum albumin than those of healthy littermates. Healthy females had stronger DNFB reactions than did healthy males or castrates. Castrated L/S-P responded to DNFB better than did females and significantly better than did entire males.

This classification is presented in two parts: (a) tumours of the gastrointestinal tract; and (b) tumours of the anal canal and margin. In the gastrointestinal tract the tumours are classified as adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma, with several subtypes. Most polyps prove to be non-neoplastic, hyperplastic, or regenerative rather than adenomatous. Carcinoma of the stomach occurs mainly in dogs, but is a rare tumour in all parts of the world. Moderately differentiated, tubular adenocarcinoma of the small intestine with excessive fibrosis occurs in all six species; in some geographical locations it may occur frequently in sheep and cattle. The adenoma/carcinoma sequence in the rectum of the dog is similar to that in man but is encountered less often. Carcinoid tumours are very rare in domestic animals. Among the soft tissue tumours, those of smooth muscle and adipose tissue are found fairly frequently and congenital mesothelioma in the peritoneum of calves occurs occasionally. Tumours of the haematopoietic and related tissues are the most common gastrointestinal neoplasms in all species and most belong to the lymphosarcoma group. Tumours of the anal canal and margin are common in the dog and 90% of these are tumours of the hepatoid (perianal) glands.

A HISTOLOGICAL survey of lymphosarcoma1 (leukaemia) in 1968 in abattoirs throughout Great Britain showed an incidence of twenty-five cases per million pigs slaughtered, that is, ninety-two cases from 3.7 million pigs. There was multicentric lymphosarcoma in fifty-seven pigs and thymic lymphosarcoma in thirty-five pigs, and there was no indication of lymphosarcoma in other pigs on the farms concerned or even that it had occurred there previously. It is therefore of some interest that we have now found lymphosarcoma to have occurred several times in a single herd.

THE granular basophil cell of the tissues, the mast cell, has for long been thought to be the source of heparin1. Recently, it has been shown that the mast cell is also rich in histamine, a suggestion first made on histological grounds2 and afterwards confirmed by the finding of a strong positive correlation for mast cells and histamine in a wide variety of normal and pathological tissues3. However, up to the present, the only comparative study of mast cells for heparin and histamine in the same starting material has been carried out on normal ox lung, in which the pleura especially yielded high values for all three4. It is thus of some interest that we have recently obtained six cases of subcutaneous mast cell tumour from dogs for estimation of their heparin and histamine contents.