Search

Relevance. The reason for the study was our histological specimen with intrapulpal dye injection from the monograph "Anesthesia in Endodontics". Outside the pulp chamber, in the root canal, the ink is diffusely distributed throughout the vessels. There was a hypothesis about the vascular nature of intrapulpal injection.Aim. Тo prove vascular mechanism intrapulpal injection.Materials and methods. A randomized prospective pilot study was performed in 15 patients (9 men, 6 women) with 15 teeth vital pulpectomy. Traditional anesthesia conducted articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100 000. When accessed in the pulpintroduced drop the same anesthetic. Heart rate was determined after 30 seconds for 3 minutes pulse oximeter MD 300.Results. There was expressed vascular reaction to intrapulpal introduction anesthetic with epinephrine. It has resulted in a sharp increase in pulse rate by an average of 11.3 beats /min, return to the original level after 3 minutes. Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, we assume the vascular-venous nature of intrapulpal anesthesia.

Aim. То carry out a comparative assessment of the change in the pain threshold (in terms of electroodontometry), the X-ray width of the root canal in the apex area and the nature of the pain sensation of the central incisors in children aged 6.5-15 years.Materials and methods. We examined 280 teeth in 280 children from 6.5 to 15 years old (central incisors). Patients are divided by age into 5 groups: 1 - 6.5-7 years old; 2 - 7-8 years old; 3 - 9-10 years old; 4 - 11-12 years old; 5 - 13-15 years old. The patients underwent electroodontometry (EOM), to measure the sensitivity threshold of the studied tooth, the subjective sensations with EOM were assessed, and the width of the apical part of the root canal was determined, according to the data of intraoral sighting radiography.Results. The study studied the process of teething and formation of teeth in dynamics from 6.5 to 15 years in 5 age groups. Changes in electrodontometry (EOM) are significant from 140.38 цА (4.5 years) to 24.38 цА (15 years) - average data. The relationship between age and the width of the root canal in the area of the apex, which is also characterized by a gradual narrowing, has been traced. Pulp pain with EOM becomes clearer and more short-lived with age. The correlation between age and pain threshold is less pronounced (41%) than between age and apical canal width (72%). Conclusions. The main role in the sensitivity of the tooth is played by the A-delta and C nerve fibers of the pulp. The phenomenon of a decrease in the pain sensitivity threshold of permanent teeth during electrodontometry in the process of root formation due to the reaction of C-fibers was established.

The somatic isoform of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; EC1.2.1.12) is involved in such crucial for cancer cells development pathways as induction of apoptosis and glycolytic regulation. At the same time, sperm-specific isoform (GAPDHS) does not exhibit all the same functions as somatic enzyme. The expression of sperm-specific GAPDH without N-terminal domain in some melanoma cells along with somatic isoenzyme, shown in our previous work, has led to the proposal of this unusual enzyme's possible role in regulation of cancer cells glycolysis. In the presented work we have tested production of GAPDHS in 13 additional melanoma cell lines by immunoblotting. We have also gathered data on energy metabolism in 5 selected cell lines by evaluation of glucose uptake and lactate production in differing conditions. We have demonstrated that in standard cultivation media glucose uptake by MelP cells, producing substantial amounts of GAPDHS protein was higher than in MelKor cells, producing lesser amounts of GAPDHS. All other analyzed cell lines that do not produce GAPDHS (MelMS, MelSi and Malme3M) had even a lower glucose uptake rate.Somaticheskaia forma glikoliticheskogo fermenta glitseral'degid-3-fosfatdegidrogenazy (GAFD; KF 1.2.1.12) vovlechena v takie vazhnye dlia razvitiia rakovykh kletok mekhanizmy kak induktsiia apoptoza i reguliatsiia glikoliza. V to zhe vremia, spermospetsifichnaia GAFD (GAFDs) ne obladaet vsem naborom funktsiĭ somaticheskogo fermenta. Obnaruzhennyĭ nami ranee fakt ékspressii v nekotorykh melanomnykh kletochnykh liniiakh spermospetsifichnoĭ GAFD bez N-kontsevogo domena nariadu s somaticheskoĭ formoĭ pozvolil predpolozhit' vozmozhnoe uchastie étoĭ neobychnoĭ formy v reguliatsii metabolizma rakovykh kletok. V dannoĭ rabote my protestirovali produktsiiu GAFDs metodom immunoblottinga v eshche 13 kletochnykh liniiakh melanomy. My takzhe poluchili dannye ob osnovnykh osobennostiakh énergeticheskogo obmena v vybrannykh piati kletochnykh liniiakh putem otsenki skorosti pogloshcheniia gliukozy i produktsii laktata v raznykh usloviiakh. Nami pokazano, chto v standartnykh usloviiakh kul'tivatsii pogloshchenie gliukozy v kletkakh MelP, produtsiruiushchikh bol'shie kolichestva GAFDs bylo vyshe, chem v MelKor, v kotorykh produktsiia GAFDs byla nizhe; v ostal'nykh issledovannykh liniiakh, ne produtsiruiushchikh GAFDs (MelMS, MelSi i Malme3M), skorost' pogloshcheniia gliukozy byla eshche nizhe.

The granitic magmatism occurred at the precollisional stage of the continentalization of the mafic basement of the Shchuch’ya island arc system. The first U–Pb (SIMS, SHRIMP II) data on zircons indicate three pulses of transformation of the oceanic crust into a continental crust: in the Silurian and Middle and Late Devonian. The age of the Yanganape granite is 429 ± 4 Ma, which corresponds to the Late Wenlockian; that of the Yurmeneku massif is 385 ± 2 Ma (Givetian); and that of the Canyon Massif is 368 ± 3 Ma (Famennian). The zircons from the Yanganape granite yielded an age of 335 ± 4 Ma, which corresponds to the Early Carboniferous (Visean). Similar ages were noted in uranium-rich zircons from the Canyon Massif granite. They correlate with the collision time of the island arc with the eastern edge of the Eastern European paleocontinent, and it is possible that this event caused disturbance of the U–Pb system of zircons in the islandarc granites of the Shchuch’ya zone.

Based on the petromagnetic characteristics of rocks that crop out within the Main Ural Fault zone (MUF) and Voykar–Synya ophiolites the multistage pattern of deformation processes in the study areas has been established. An analysis of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of rock minerals detected the orientation, which allows us to reveal magnetic orientations in minerals recorded as a results of thrust (overthrust) and strike-slip deformations at an early stage of the evolution of the Ural orogenic belt. The main axes of the ellipsoid of anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility (AMS) associated with regional thrusting, namely, the main stage of formation of the structure of the Urals, have rarely been revealed. This is evidence that thrust petrofabrics are almost completely veiled by superimposed shear deformations.

Petromagnetic characteristics rocks croup out in the Main Uralian Fault zone and Voikar- Synya ophiolites confirmed that multistage deformation led to formation of modern structure of Ural. Analysis of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility of rock minerals detects orienta- tion formed by the thrust (reverse faults) and strike-shear strain at an early stage of the Uralian orogeny. The main axes of the ellipsoid of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility associated with regional thrusting - the main stage of formation of structure of the Urals have been revealed rarely. It indicates almost complete resetting thrust petrofabric by later shear deformations.

Multistage deformations in the Main Ural Fault Zone is recorded in the structural features of this zone in the southern part of the Polar Urals. The deformation of the oldest metamorphic complexes in the Khord”yus massif and Dzelyayu block developed during the precollision stage. After formation of the general nappe-thrust structure of the Urals, these blocks were squeezed to the higher crustal levels. Deformation in other tectonic units started at the early collision stage during regional thrusting. Brittle failure was superposed over the all previously formed structures at the late collision and postcollision stages.

Colon carcinoma is a common type of neoplastic transformation. Mechanisms of its establishment and progression have been studying for several decades. Aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt signaling is frequently observed in colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, expression of the "noncanonical" Wnt ligands is also detected in this type of cancer. However, the implication of the noncanonical Wnt signaling in carcinogenesis and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is still unclear. Here, to elucidate the characteristic features of the noncanonical Wnt signaling activation in CRC the expression of the "noncanonical" ligand hWnt11 has been studied. It was shown for the first time that expression of the hWnt11 in CRC is accompanied by the alternative splicing. The new hWnt11 isoform (hWnt11sp3) has been identified. Unlike to hWnt11, this isoform is not secreted and lacks the ability to inhibit the canonical Wnt signaling. Considering the canonical Wnt signaling inhibiting activity of hWnt11, different functional properties of the ligand and its isoform may reflect a special role of the alternative splicing in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Thus, due to the difference in their functional properties an existence of several Wnt isoforms should be taken into account for the investigation of the role of Wnt ligands.

In most cases, advanced stages of melanoma are practically incurable due to high metastatic potential of tumor cells. Multiple observations support the idea that aberrations in the Wnt signaling pathway play a significant role in melanoma development and progression. Canonical Wnt signaling activation results in stabilization and accumulation of the major effector molecule called & gb-catenin. Mutations promoting & gb-catenin stabilization and, thereby, activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway are frequently found in different cancers but rarely observed in melanomas. Nevertheless, & gb-catenin nuclear and cytoplasmic accumulation is the feature of many human melanoma cell lines and original tumors. That is why the aim of the investigation was to elucidate the relation between & gb-catenin intracellular localization and activity status of Wnt signaling pathway in human melanoma cell lines. Ten human melanoma cell lines were characterized on the basis of the following parameters: canonical Wnt ligand expression, intracellular & gb-catenin localization and activity status of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Here, it has been demonstrated that nuclear localization of & gb-catenin does not always correspond to active status of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, in the majority of cell lines with nuclear & gb-catenin, canonical Wnt signaling cannot be activated by exogenous expression of an appropriate ligand. Human melanoma cell lines differ in activity of canonical Wnt signaling pathway as well as in mechanisms of its regulation. Therefore, pathway-targeted potential antineoplastic therapy requires the formation of a & ldmolecular pattern of cancer” for localization of the defect in Wnt signaling cascade in each case.

This report presents the first results of U/Pb dating, isotope-geochemical, and geochemical studies of detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic clastic rocks of the Southern Timan. Sixty-one zircon grains were treated, including 51 from red-colored sandstones and 10 grains from aleurosandstones of the Djejim Formation of the southern Chetlas-Djejim zone (Djejim-Parma Hill). It was found that the U/Pb-ages of zircons from the rocks of the Djejim Formation, varied from ∼2.97 to ∼1.20 Ga. The studies of microelement composition in 47 grains (of 61 U/Pb isotope ages obtained), on the basis of several empirical regularities found formerly, show that the detrital zircons had originated from “granites” (22 grains), “diorites” (12 grains), or their volcanic analogues, or more rarely, from “syenites” and “basites” (5 and 8 grains, respectively). The Lu/Hf isotope system of zircons allows one to estimate the model ages (TDMC) of the substrate magmatic rocks being parental to the zircons considered. In particular, Archean zircons are characterized by ∼2.84–3.36 Ga model ages of magmaforming rocks. For some of the grains, their model ages (∼2.84 Ga) are close to those of zircons as such (∼2.7–2.8 Ga), which points to the juvenile character of the substrate from which the parent magma of the zircons treated was fused. For Proterozoic (to Middle Riphean) zircons, the Lu/Hf isotope system allows one to estimate the model age of the substrate of their parental rocks within ∼2.00–3.36 Ga, which shows that these rocks were formed under the recycling of the Archean and Early-Proterozoic crust. The ages obtained for detrital zircons, as well as model ages of the substrate of the corresponding parental magmatic rocks, are quite comparable to the age of crystalline complexes of the ancient framework of the East European Platform (EEP), formed in the course of the Archean, Early-Proterozoic, and Early-Middle Riphean tectonomagmatic events. This permits us to conclude that the Neoproterozoic detrital complexes of the Timan were formed owing to the erosion of earlier Neoproterozoic and Early Precambrian complexes constituting the Neoproterozoic Baltica continent, presenting complexes of the passive margin of this continent. A variety of ages of detrital zircons from sandstones and aleurosandstones from the Djejim Formation of Djejim-Parma Hill, and of the estimates of magmatic rocks parental to these zircons, may be characterized as a Baltic Provenance signal.

The upper horizons of the Earth’s crust in the eastern and northeastern framing of the East European platform consist of two units. The upper unit is made up of Late Precambrian and younger (mainly sedimentary) complexes; the lower unit consists of Late Precambrian complexes termed in total as Pre-Uralides‐Timanides [1, 2]. The Pre-Uralides‐Timanides form uplifts and anticlinoriums extending as an uninterrupted chain along the western slope of the Urals. They are also exposed at Timan and the Kanin Nos peninsula. Age analogs of the Pre-Uralides‐Timanides complexes occur as fragments on Kildin Island, in the Rybachii, Srednii, and Varanger peninsulas, on Paikhoi (Amderma region) and Vaigach Island, and in the southern part of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. These complexes were recovered by several boreholes in the Pechora plate and, according to geophysical data, are traceable in the Barents Sea shelf [2, 3].

The East European Platform (EEP) is bordered by the Ural foldbelt of Hercynides on the east and the Pechora Plate (PP) with the adjacent Barents Sea shelf in the northeast. The upper horizons of the Earth’s crust in the Urals, PP, and Barents shelf are characterized by a two-level structure. The lower stratigraphic‐structural level consists of Late Precambrian complexes (Pre-Uralides‐Timanides), whereas the upper level is composed of Postcambrian complexes. In terms of the composition and structure, PreUralide‐Timanide complexes are subdivided into two groups [4]. The first group (southwestern Pre-Uralides‐ Timanides) is mainly represented by sedimentary rocks. These rock complexes outcrop in Timan and compose a part of the adjacent PP basement. In the southeast, the complexes are traced in the Urals (Kvarkush anticlinorium and Bashkir Uplift). In the northwest, they outcrop in the northeastern Baltic Shield (Kildin Island and Rybachii, Srednii, and Varanger peninsulas) and take part in the structure of adjacent areas of the Barents Shelf. The second group (northeastern Pre-Uralides‐ Timanides) includes not only sedimentary rocks, but also volcanic and volcanosedimentary complexes, granitoids, gabbroids, and rare ophiolites. These complexes make up the northeastern part of the PP basement and outcrop within several positive structures in the northern part of the western slope of the Urals (e.g., the Enganepe Uplift). The available arguments allow correlation of Late Precambrian complexes of the Wedel Jarlsberg Land (WJL) on southwestern Spitsbergen with the Pre-Uralide‐Timanide complexes. The

1289 The Lagorta Yu dike complex is traditionally con sidered as a constituent of Early Paleozoic ophiolites in the southern Polar Urals (parallel dike complex) [3, 6, 7, and others]. According to our data, the complex is represented by separate small fragments occurring within a thick NE trending tectonic zone inside of the Kershor gabbroid complex, instead of forming an extended belt, as was assumed in [6]. This zone is U–Pb Dating of Zircons from Plagiogranites of the Lagorta Yu Dike Complex (Polar Urals)

Colon carcinoma is a common type of neoplastic transformation. Mechanisms of its establishment and progression have been studying for several decades. Aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt signaling is frequently observed in colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, expression of the "noncanonical" Wnt ligands is also detected in this type of cancer. However, the implication of the noncanonical Wnt signaling in carcinogenesis and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is still unclear. Here, to elucidate the characteristic features of the noncanonical Wnt signaling activation in CRC the expression of the "noncanonical" ligand hWnt11 has been studied. It was shown for the first time that expression of the hWnt11 in CRC is accompanied by the alternative splicing. The new hWnt11 isoform (hWnt11sp3) has been identified. Unlike to hWnt11, this isoform is not secreted and lacks the ability to inhibit the canonical Wnt signaling. Considering the canonical Wnt signaling inhibiting activity of hWnt11, different functional properties of the ligand and its isoform may reflect a special role of the alternative splicing in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Thus, due to the difference in their functional properties an existence of several Wnt isoforms should be taken into account for the investigation of the role of Wnt ligands.

In most cases, advanced stages of melanoma are practically incurable due to high metastatic potential of tumor cells. Multiple observations support the idea that aberrations in Wnt signaling pathway play a significant role in melanoma development and progression. Canonical Wnt signaling activation results in stabilization and accumulation of the major effector molecule called beta-catenin. Mutations promoting beta-catenin stabilization and, thereby, activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway are frequently found in different cancers, but rarely observed in melanomas. Nevertheless, beta-catenin nuclear and cytoplasmic accumulation is the feature of many human melanoma cell lines and original tumors. That is why, the aim of the investigation was to elucidate the relation between beta-catenin intracellular localization and activity status of Wnt signaling pathway in human melanoma cell lines. Ten human melanoma cell lines were characterized on the basis of the following parameters: canonical Wnt ligand expression, intracellular beta-catenin localization, and activity status of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Here, it has been demonstrated that nuclear localization of beta-catenin does not always correspond to active status canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, in the majority of cell lines with nuclear beta-catenin canonical Wnt signaling can't be activated by exogenous expression of an appropriate ligand. Human melanoma cell lines differ in activity of canonical Wnt signaling pathway as well as in mechanisms of its regulation. Therefore, the pathway-targeted potential antineoplastic therapy requires the formation of a "molecular pattern of cancer" for localization of the defect in Wnt signaling cascade in the each case.

The kinetics of the processes of high-temperature oxidation of the Zr-1% Nb alloy was studied. The distribution of oxygen (concentration profile) in the layer located below the oxide layer was established according to the method of mass-spectrometry of secondary ions using a SMI-300 ion analyzer. The diffusion parameters were calculated on an ES-1055 computer using a specially written program in the FORTRAN-4 language.