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In the paper, processes of high-energy electron beam interaction with plasma particles in a discharge channel of a stationary plasma thruster are analyzed and the results are presented.

Цель настоящего исследования – выявление влияния экологических инноваций на предпочтения потребителей электромобилей на российском рынке. На сегодняшний день искомый рынок находится на этапе формирования. В то же время потребители уже формируют ин- терес к экологичным товарам, в том числе к товарам с длительным циклом потребления. На первый план выходит проблема оценки конкурентоспособности отечественных экомобилей и выявление приоритетных характеристик, влияющих на их выбор. Оценить конкурентную среду в отрасли экологичного автомобилестроения позволило применение моделей М. Потрера и Р. Гранта. Проведен анализ эмпирических данных, характеризующих состояние рынков электрических и гибридных автомобилей в отдельных странах и мире в целом. С помощью метода экспертных оценок выявлены следующие ключевые атрибуты конкурентоспособности электромобилей на российском рынке: стоимость приобретения, быстроходность, экономичность поездки, продолжительность поездки, вместительность багажника. Для конкурентного анализа были применены расчетные методы, которые позволили определить единичные и взвешенные показатели конкурентоспособности по каждой характеристике рассматриваемых моделей электромобилей, представленных на российском рынке. В результате было выявлено, что первый российский серийный электромобиль ELLADA от заво- да «АвтоВАЗ» имеет достаточный уровень конкурентоспособности. Однако отрыв от ближайших конкурентов – Renault ZOE, Kia Soul EV ‒ пока невелик. Упрочнение позиций на российском рынке возможно только при государственной поддержке.

Today, the problem of increasing the validity and accuracy of forecasts based on the analysis of time series under conditions of uncertainty is very important. The models and methods used to predict the dynamics of agricultural processes are built on quantitative information and are implemented as part of a statistical approach. In this approach, time-based forecasting models are constructed on several requirements for the initial data, the main of which are the requirements of comparability, sufficient representativeness to reveal regularity, uniformity, and stability. Only keeping these requirements, uncertainty can be interpreted in terms of randomness and appropriate statistical forecasting methods can be applied. However, the real dynamic processes taking place in agriculture are represented by time series, for which these requirements are rarely feasible, due to the great uncertainty of the factors determining their dynamics. The problem of forecasting such series is particularly relevant for agricultural science and practice. The article touches upon the possibilities of using fuzzy modeling tools to predict the dynamics of processes in the agricultural sector.

The problem of modeling and accounting for uncertainty in modern tasks of management is relevant. The effectiveness of the decisions depends significantly on the methods for describing the uncertainty in the problem. The greatest development in agrarian science received optimization and econometric models. How-ever, these models are based on quantitative determined initial information and accounting for uncertainty as randomness, which is described by probabilistic and statistical methods. Meanwhile, many modern decision-making tasks in planning and managing agricultural production are characterized by the presence of uncertain factors, as well as the availability of high-quality, inaccurate or in-complete information. To account and describe such uncertainty, an alternative approach to the probabilistic approach is needed. Fuzzy set theory is one of the most effective mathematical tools aimed at formalizing and processing uncertain information. The econometrics section related to using fuzzy set theory in regression analysis is developing methods of fuzzy regression modeling. The possibilities of using fuzzy regression modeling tools for analyzing management processes of agricultural production are discussed in this article.

Nowadays the modern market of food retail is going through a transition period. Consumers tend, on the one hand, to reasonable savings, on the other hand, to meet the need for quality products. Retailers have a difficult task – to follow the concept of sustainable development, while maintaining profitability. The authors of this article, using the methods of content analysis of consumer reviews, observation, online survey, assess the implementation of environmental programs by representatives of retail chains, identify consumer interest in the concept of Zero Waste, and evaluate the satisfaction of the product retail on key attributes.

The article is devoted to the problem of satisfaction estimate, based on the technology of content-analysis of the consumer feedback in the digital environment. Consumers are becoming an increasingly powerful competitive force. They generate content by themselves. The feedback is an important source of information about consumers’ opinion. The consumers’ impact in the digital environment is manifest, primarily, in the consumption expectation forming. The authors propose a methodic of the satisfaction evaluation research, which is based on the systematic analysis and synthesis of individual methods and theories of consumer behavior, competitive analysis, and marketing research. Evaluation of customer satisfaction involves considering the object as a set of attributes for each of which is determined by the assessment of the embodiment, the assessment of importance, and then - the assessment of private utility. The final value of satisfaction is defined as the sum of benefits.