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Background Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have worse outcomes than those who do not, and patients with AMI with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) also have worse outcomes than those without OHCA. However, there have been still unclear points regarding the prognostic factors of AMI patients who underwent ECMO with or without OHCA. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors of AMI patients who underwent ECMO with and without OHCA, respectively. Methods/Results Ninety-eight consecutive patients (age:67±11 years, male:83.7%) who underwent ECMO for AMI were enrolled from November 2008 to December 2020. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality within 30-day, and we investigated the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in AMI patients underwent ECMO with or without OHCA, respectively. In the group with OHCA (n=47), 30-day death occurred in 22 patients (47%). BMI, lactate and serum creatinine levels after the introduction of ECMO were significantly greater in patients with than without 30-day death (27.0±5.2 vs 21.0±2.9 kg/m2, p Conclusions With OHCA, increased lactate was the risk factor that was significantly associated with poor outcome in AMI patients underwent ECMO. Without OHCA, AMI patients who underwent ECMO due to rhythm trouble such as VT/VF had a good outcome. ECMO patients with AMI may have different prognostic factors with or without OHCA. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Patient characteristics

JLab E12-19-002 Experiment is planned to measure the Λ-binding energies of 3ΛH [Jπ = 1/2+ or 3/2+(T = 0)] and 4ΛH (1+) at JLab Hall C. The expected accuracy for the binding-energy measurement is |ΔBtotal Λ | ≃ 70 keV. The accurate spectroscopy for these light hypernuclei would shed light on the puzzle of the small binding energy and short lifetime of 3ΛH, and the chargesymmetry breaking in the ΛN interaction. We aim to perform the experiment in 2025.

High-definition and highly accurate road maps are necessary for the realization of automated driving, and road signs are among the most important element in the road map. Therefore, a technique is necessary which can acquire information about all kinds of road signs automatically and efficiently. Due to the continuous technical advancement of Mobile Mapping System (MMS), it has become possible to acquire large number of images and 3d point cloud efficiently with highly precise position information. In this paper, we present an automatic road sign detection and recognition approach utilizing both images and 3D point cloud acquired by MMS. The proposed approach consists of three stages: 1) detection of road signs from images based on their color and shape features using object based image analysis method, 2) filtering out of over detected candidates utilizing size and position information estimated from 3D point cloud, region of candidates and camera information, and 3) road sign recognition using template matching method after shape normalization. The effectiveness of proposed approach was evaluated by testing dataset, acquired from more than 180 km of different types of roads in Japan. The results show a very high success in detection and recognition of road signs, even under the challenging conditions such as discoloration, deformation and in spite of partial occlusions.

In this paper, a novel technique to generate a high resolution and high precision Orthorectified Road Imagery (ORI) by using spatial information acquired from a Mobile Mapping System (MMS) is introduced. The MMS was equipped with multiple sensors such as GPS, IMU, odometer, 2-6 digital cameras and 2-4 laser scanners. In this study, a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) based approach, similar to general aerial photogrammetry, was adopted to build a terrain model in order to generate ORI with high resolution and high geometric precision. Compared to aerial photogrammetry, there are several issues that are needed to be addressed. ORI is generated by merging multiple time sequence images of a short section. Hence, the influence of occlusion due to stationary objects, such as telephone poles, trees, footbridges, or moving objects, such as vehicles, pedestrians are very significant. Moreover, influences of light falloff at the edges of cameras, tone adjustment among images captured from different cameras or a round trip data acquisition of the same path, and time lag between image exposure and laser point acquisition also need to be addressed properly. The proposed method was applied to generate ORI with 1 cm resolution, from the actual MMS data sets. The ORI generated by the proposed technique was more clear, occlusion free and with higher resolution compared to the conventional orthorectified coloured point cloud imagery. Moreover, the visual interpretation of road features from the ORI was much easier. In addition, the experimental results also validated the effectiveness of proposed radiometric corrections. In occluded regions, the ORI was compensated by using other images captured from different angles. The validity of the image masking process, in the occluded regions, was also ascertained.

We describe the possibility of high-sensitivity noninvasive blood glucose measurement based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). The demand for noninvasive blood glucose-level measurement has increased due to the explosive increase in diabetic patients. We have developed a noninvasive blood glucose-level measurement based on PAS. The conventional method uses a straight-type resonant cell. However, the cell volume is large, which results in a low detection sensitivity and difficult portability. In this paper, a small-sized Helmholtz-type resonant cell is proposed to improve detection sensitivity and portability by reducing the cell dead volume. First, the acoustic property of the small-sized Helmholtz-type resonant cell was evaluated by performing an experiment using a silicone rubber. As a result, the detection sensitivity of the small-sized Helmholtz-type resonant cell was approximately two times larger than that of the conventional straight-type resonant cell. In addition, the inside volume was approximately 30 times smaller. Second, the detection limits of glucose concentration were estimated by performing an experiment using glucose solutions. The experimental results showed that a glucose concentration of approximately 1% was detected by the small-sized Helmholtz-type resonant cell. Although these results on the sensitivity of blood glucose-level measurement are currently insufficient, they suggest that miniaturization of a resonance cell is effective in the application of noninvasive blood glucose-level measurement.

Acetone has been attracting attention as a human biogas, and it can be detected in the breath of diabetic patients. Therefore, a method for easily measuring the trace amounts of acetone is essential. By focusing on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), which was used in a detection tube, we tried to detect acetone using a sensor element that was produced by impregnating the reagent into porous glass with a large surface area. Our research illustrated that the absorption peak of acetone-DNPH was shifted to a 14 nm longer wavelength than that of DNPH and showed that its molar absorption coefficient at 363 nm was approximately 1.86 times that of DNPH. Based on these results, we attempted to detect acetone using spectral analyses of the sensor element, and successfully detected acetone from sub-parts per million (ppm) concentrations to 10ppm after an exposure time of 1 h.

This study presents a novel approach in building change detection for map updating in urban areas. Our approach is based on the integration of building object extraction and building height estimation utilizing existing 2D building maps and newly-acquired high resolution aerial orthoimages & DSMs. In our proposed scheme, the detection of newly-built buildings is carried out based on building object extraction from orthoimages and DSMs. Detection of demolished and reconstructed buildings is performed based on estimating the height of each building using existing building maps and newly-acquired DSMs. Finally the two results are integrated together for map updating. The experimental results showed that the proposed technique performed satisfactorily well in detecting newly-built buildings, demolished buildings and reconstructed buildings, and was very effective in reducing the problem of misdetection and false detection. This technique is already integrated into a practical system for building maps updating.

Automatically detection, extraction and re-construction of 3D building modelling are difficult yet potentially high-payoff challenges for photogrammetric applications. Solution usually requires integrating various sources, including LIDAR, imagery, and digital surface models (DSM). However, highly automated and robust geometric modelling remains unsolved. We will present a 2D modelling technique which represents a building’s outline in an as-is way. It gives visually accurate corners and lines for buildings. Aerial remotely sensed imagery and a DSM are used to detect and segment building masks. A refining footprint modelling is implemented through line modelling, edge refining, and segment merging and generating. A district grouping based main orientation algorithm is proposed. This approach has the ability of successive improvement, moving from a prototype to a subtle end product. Experiments with Japanese data show that the models generated automatically fit the manual models very well.

Patients with chronic thromboembolism with pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) often develop severe hypoxaemia after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. There is reluctance to apply high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to those patients, whereas high PEEP is important for acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure due to alveolar collapse. Open lung approach (OLA) policy, a combination of recruitment manoeuvre and PEEP titration, may improve oxygenation and lung mechanics in acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, but the effect of OLA on the outcome is unknown. We designed a case-matched, retrospective study to investigate whether OLA policy improved the outcome of postoperative patients with CTEPH.Among 113 postoperative patients with CTEPH, 40 were chosen before and after the introduction of an OLA policy to create 1:1 ratio of case-match according to gender, age and preoperative total pulmonary resistance index (conventional treatment group vs OLA group). In the OLA group, recruitment manoeuvre was applied and then PEEP was titrated to maintain oxygenation every 12 hours. Gas exchange and duration of mechanical ventilation were compared between the groups.The OLA group showed higher PaO2/FiO2ratio at 12 hours after the surgery than the conventional group (P=0.0021). In the OLA group, duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter than the conventional treatment group (median, 23.5 hours vs 43 hours, P=0.0064). The OLA group showed lower cardiac index, higher pulmonary artery pressure and higher total pulmonary resistance index after the surgery than the conventional group.The introduction of the OLA policy may have shortened mechanical ventilation duration despite what appeared to be less favorable early postoperative hemodynamics in patients after the surgery for CTEPH.

The corrosion resistance of double, hot-dipped Zn-7Al alloy coating developed for structural steel was studied in a hot spring environment where hot water vapor, including ionic and gaseou...

A high‐level data fusion system that uses Bayesian statistics involving weights‐of‐evidence modelling is described to combine disparate information from airborne digital data such as digital surface model (DSM), colour, thermal infrared (TIR) and hyperspectral images at different time periods. To determine the efficacy of the system, an analysis of change detection was performed. The data fusion system is capable of detecting changes in man‐made features automatically in a densely populated area where there is little prior information. Multiclass segmented images were obtained from the data captured by four airborne remote sensing sensors. The system performs data fusion modelling by using binary images of each theme class and a total of 40 binary patterns were obtained. Through Bayesian methods, involving weights‐of‐evidence modelling, all the binary images were analysed and finally four binary patterns (indicator images) were identified automatically as significant for the change‐detection application. ...

A computer vision based method for 3D building modelling by using stable planar regions extracted from low-spatial-resolution airborne laser scanner (ALS) data is presented. Less operator interaction (interactive processing) and an algorithm that automatically generates building parameters from digital surface models (DSM) are suggested. The stable planar region extraction approach proposed for general range data is applied to low-spatial-resolution ALS data that are resampled by a non-linear resampling method for spatial resolution enhancement. After stable planar region extraction, the roof edges formed by adjoining planes are computed by using the topologic relations and geometries of the extracted planar regions. Finally, a polyhedral description of the data is derived using the geometries of the stable planar regions, line segments of jump and/or boundary edges, and roof edges. This method is expected to be robust against noise in the DSM data. Experimental results of 3D building models show mean differences less than 1 m in the x and y dimensions and 2 m in height ( z ) values. The implemented techniques will present a source of valuable automatic modelling of building structures in three-dimensions and will permit modelling of conventional and non-conventional roof surfaces faithfully.

Two approaches were studied to improve the productivity of preparative chiral separation. For a model case, trans‐stilbene oxide as a racemate and cellulose tris(phenylcarbamate), “CHIRALCEL® OC,” as a stationary phase were chosen. The productivity per unit CSP was improved as much as 52% by connecting two different sizes of columns (10 cm ID × 50 cm L and 5 cm ID × 50 cm L) in series. Further improvement may be possible by adjusting the eluent temperature several degrees lower than the jacket temperature of the columns. Preparative separation conditions regarding composition of mobile phase, separation temperature, loading amount of racemic substance, positions of fractions to be taken, and so on were also studied.

Objectives: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases have been implicated as important factors in the initiation and progression of human periodontal diseases. A single application of LPS or proteases is insufficient to induce periodontal pocket formation or periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the combined effect of lipopolysaccharide and proteases on rat periodontal tissues, and create a periodontal disease model. Materials and methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: combination group (treated with both LPS and proteases solutions); LPS group; proteases group; and control. Each solution was introduced daily into the palatal gingival sulcus of maxillary molars for 8 weeks. The tissues were evaluated histometrically and immunohistochemically. Results: In the LPS group, elongation of rete ridge, apical migration of junctional epithelium (JE), increased numbers of B cells in connective tissue, and resorption of alveolar bone were observed. In the proteases group, the increase in the number of infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and blood vessels in the connective tissue was greater than that of the LPS group. Conclusions: The effects of LPS on periodontal tissues differed from those of proteases. The addition of proteases augmented and increased the effects of LPS, which were apical migration, intraepithelial cleavage of JE, and increased B cell density. The lesions in the combination group resembled established lesions of human periodontitis, with the exception of the low density of plasma cells.

We present a new method for estimating the thickness of the depletion layer of an X-ray CCD without a calibrated X-ray source. It is known that a high-energy particle continuously loses its energy when it passes through a material, and that its total-energy loss in a thin material depends on the thickness of the material. We irradiated a Hamamatsu-CCD (CCD-CREST Deep 1) with a conversion β-ray source 207 Bi which emits monoenergetic β-rays, then obtained an energy-loss distribution. In comparison with an energy-loss distribution simulated with Geant4, we found that the CCD-CREST has a depletion layer thickness of ∼6.7 μm , which is consistent with the result using a calibrated X-ray source. Since it is difficult to obtain a calibrated X-ray source, our method is useful for estimating a depletion layer thickness.

We have successfully grown GaN self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) with high quality by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We have found that the size of the GaN QDs can be well controlled by changing the growth temperature under low V/III ratio. Controlling the size of QDs leads to a variation of the photoluminescence (PL) peak in the range between 300 and 350 nm, while maintaining high quantum efficiency. The observed PL spectrum having two peaks from both wetting layer and the QDs gives clear evidence that the QDs formed with the Stanski-Krastnanow growth mode. The growth technique of the GaN QDs developed here is promising for application to highly efficient UV light emitters.

We have fabricated GaN quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an AlGaN matrix on a uniform array of hexagonal pyramids of GaN, using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with selective growth. Hexagonal pyramids of very sharp apices were realized. The radius of curvature at the apices was no more than 10 nm as shown by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. Intense photoluminescence from GaN QDs was observed at the peak wavelength of 343.5 nm at room temperature.

We have successfully grown GaN self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) on an AlN layer by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The average diameter and height of the QDs were 35 and 1.6 nm, respectively. The density of GaN QDs was around 6×10 8 cm −2 when the amount of GaN deposited was 2.5 mono-layer (ML). The dependence of the QD density on the GaN coverage was investigated. The coverage when GaN QDs are formed is estimated to be 1.0 ML. The formation of the QDs was much affected by the growth temperature, and its behavior was same as other QDs grown by the Stranski–Krastanow mode.

Frictional constitutive law for very slow vertical withdrawing of a thin rod from a granular bed is experimentally studied. Using a very precise creep meter, geometry-dependent granular frictional constitutive law is particularly examined. In some previous works, a dimensionless number $I=\dot{\gamma}D_g/\sqrt{p/\rho_g}$ has been used to characterize granular frictional constitutive laws, where $\dot{\gamma}$, $D_g$, $p$, and $\rho_g$ are the shear strain rate, grain diameter, confining pressure, and bulk density of granular bed, respectively. It has been considered that granular frictional constitutive law expressed by $I$ is universal (almost geometry-independent) in dense flow regime. In this study, however, we find that the geometry of the system is much more crucial to characterize granular friction in a very slow withdrawing regime. Specifically, the ratio between rod and grain diameters must be an essential parameter to describe the granular frictional constitutive law. Physical meaning of the geometry-dependent constitutive law is discussed on the basis of grains-contact-number dependence of granular behavior., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures

We demonstrate GaN quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an AlGaN matrix, using metalorganic chemical vapor selective deposition, on a uniform array of hexagonal pyramids of GaN. The hexagonal pyramids have clear {1101} side facets and their radius of curvature at the tops is not larger than 10 nm, which indicates that very sharp tops are realized. Intense photoluminescence was observed from GaN QDs at a peak energy of 3.61 eV at room temperature.

Fatigue test of weldment of 316L stainless steel with an artificial incomplete penetration in weld root was performed to investigate effect of the incomplete penetration on fatigue behavior and fatigue strength. Fatigue crack propagation test of weld metal was also carried out to compare with that of weldment and to evaluate the fatigue lives of weldment based on fracture mechanics. As the results, the incomplete penetration behaved as a crack and most of total fatigue lives for the weldment were crack propagation lives. The crack propagation rates of weldment were in accordance with those of the weld metal. The fatigue strength of the weldment was considerably lower than that of smooth specimen. The effect of incomplete penetration on the fatigue strength of weldment is a serious problem.

We have demonstrated the self-assembled growth of GaN quantum dots (QDs) on an AlN layer by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The dependence of the QD density on the GaN coverage was investigated. The density of QDs increased as the GaN coverage was higher and it reached 6 × 10 8 cm -2 when the amount of GaN deposited was around 2.5 monolayers (ML). The average diameter and height of the QDs were 35 and 1.6 nm, respectively. It was found that the formation of the QDs was also much affected by the growth temperature.

Although the ichthyotoxic mechanism of Chattonellamarina is still unknown, several lines of evidence suggest that the reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2–), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (·OH), produced by C.marina are involved in the mortality of fish exposed to this flagellate. Recently, we found that the cell-free supernatant prepared from C.marina, which is considered to contain the glycocalyx, showed NADPH-dependent O2– generation. In this study, we prepared antiserum against the crude glycocalyx of C.marina. Using indirect immunofluorescence, it was confirmed that the antiserum specifically reacted with C.marina cells. In addition to C.marina, the antiserum also reacted with other raphidophycean flagellates such as Heterosigmaakashiwo, Olisthodiscusluteus, and Fibrocapsajaponica, whereas no reactivity was observed against six other flagellate species tested. These results suggest that raphidophycean flagellates have common epitopes recognized by the antiserum. Interestingly, immunohistochemical analysis of paraformaldehyde-fixed gill lamellae from yellowtail exposed to C.marina revealed that the antiserum stained the surface of gill lamellae, while no such staining pattern was observed in control gill lamellae. These results suggest that the glycocalyx may be discharged when C.marina cells are inhaled into the fishes' mouths and then come into contact with the gill surface. Based on the present results, together with our previous findings, we propose that continuous accumulation of the discharged glycocalyx on the gill surface occurs during C.marina exposure, which may be responsible for the ROS-mediated severe gill tissue damage leading to fish death.

GaN-based semiconductors have received great attention because of various potential device applications including short wavelength laser diodes (LDs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, and electron devices [1]. Short wavelength LED are used for full-color flat display panes and illumination systems. The blue/violet LDs will be for ultra-high density optical data storage. In addition, GaN electron devices for application to high frequency and high power oscillators are now intensively investigated. GaN and related materials (i.e., InAlGaN alloy) have various unique characteristics, such as wide bandgap energy (1.8–6.2eV), possible large band discontinuity in hete-rostructures, strong polarization effects (≈ 2MV cm−1) due to piezoelectric field effects and spontaneous polarization effects, large binding energy of excitons (> 50meV), high saturation velocity (≈ 2.7 × 10 cm4s−1), and high breakdown field (≈ 2 × 106 V cm−1).