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Graphene's inherent nonselectivity and strong atmospheric doping render most graphene-based sensors unsuitable for atmospheric applications in environmental monitoring of pollutants and breath detection of biomarkers for noninvasive medical diagnosis. Hence, demonstrations of graphene's gas sensitivity are often in inert environments such as nitrogen, consequently of little practical relevance. Herein, target gas sensing at the graphene-activated carbon interface of a graphene-nanopored activated carbon molecular-sieve sensor obtained via the postlithographic pyrolysis of Novolac resin residues on graphene nanoribbons is shown to simultaneously induce ammonia selectivity and atmospheric passivation of graphene. Consequently, 500 parts per trillion (ppt) ammonia sensitivity in atmospheric air is achieved with a response time of ∼3 s. The similar graphene and a-C workfunctions ensure that the ambipolar and gas-adsorption-induced charge transfer characteristics of pristine graphene are retained. Harnessing the van der Waals bonding memory and electrically tunable charge-transfer characteristics of the adsorbed molecules on the graphene channel, a molecular identification technique (charge neutrality point disparity) is developed and demonstrated to be suitable even at parts per billion (ppb) gas concentrations. The selectivity and atmospheric passivation induced by the graphene-activated carbon interface enable atmospheric applications of graphene sensors in environmental monitoring and noninvasive medical diagnosis.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to clarify any difficulties or problems that exist in Japanese healthcare sites regarding the selection of death anxiety as a nursing diagnosis., Methods: This study was a qualitative, inductive research design. The semistructured interviews were conducted on the participants who were nurses and had 3 or more years of clinical experience in Japan., Results: Results showed four categories: "The Japanese have a culture of avoiding death," "It is extremely difficult to match diagnostic indicators and related factors with specific patient cases," "Other diagnoses exist that are effective and enable proactive intervention," and "The definition of death anxiety and the meaning of its diagnostic indicators are unintelligible.", Discussion: It is thought that nursing diagnoses that reflect specific cultural backgrounds require definitions appropriate to each country and appropriate revisions to diagnostic indicators., (© 2016 NANDA International, Inc.)

Background: Most estrogen dermatitides are induced by local or systemic contact dermatitis where dendritic cells are central, and tamoxifen has a blocking effect on dendritic cells., Methods: We present 5 cases of estrogen dermatitis in which the clinical features were prurigo, urticaria, acneiform eruption and annular erythema., Results: Tamoxifen was effective in 3 of 4 cases. Three of 4 biopsy specimens showed the formation of Langerhans cell nests in the epidermis and hair follicles and perivascular infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the dermis., Conclusion: These results suggest that a dendritic-cell-mediated allergic mechanism is involved in estrogen dermatitis., (Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder which commonly affects the skin. Involvement of the tongue is rare; a review of the previous literature over the last 30 years revealed only six cases of sarcoidosis affecting the tongue. We studied a case of sarcoidosis involving the tongue in a 32-year-old Japanese woman with characteristic clinical and pathological findings. She visited our department with a complaint of a tongue lesion of which she had been aware for a month. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made for the lesion by clinical and pathological examinations. Oral involvement by sarcoidosis is rare, however this disorder should be considered as a possible cause of intraoral granulomatous lesions.