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In the present study, in vitro selection technique using pathogen culture filtrate of Colletotrichum falcatum Went was employed with the aim to identify associations (if any), between selection at the cellular and plant level for red rot resistance in sugarcane (Saccharum sp.). Five to eight months old sugarcane calli of genotypes CoJ 88 and CoJ 64 were screened in vitro against pathogen culture filtrate for two selection cycles. Effect of pathogen culture filtrate on callus survival and/or proliferation was observed to be directly related to its concentration in the selection media. Calli survived and exhibited further proliferation at 5, 10 and 15% v/v pathogen culture filtrate concentrations whereas, at higher concentrations (20 and 25% v/v) proliferation was completely inhibited. Shoot regeneration percent was higher in calli selected on 5% pathogen culture filtrate concentration than those selected on 10 and 15% concentrations. In vivo screening of field transferred somaclones against two pathtypes (Cf 03 and Cf 08) showed considerable variation for red rot resistance. Somaclones regenerated from resistant and/or tolerant calli exhibited better resistance than the parental genotypes. The results indicated that in vitro selection for red rot resistance was effective and expressed when somaclones were screened in the field. This indicated a positive association between in vitro and in vivo methods of selection for disease resistance in sugarcane.

Role of Trace Elements on the Growth and Sporulation of Alternaria chartarum and A solani

Effect of Various Trace Elements on the Growth and Sporulation of four Fungi

Pofessor T S Sadasivan Endowment Lecture 1982, Tissue Concepts in Fungi

High-spin states in 79Rb were populated in the reaction $\mathrm{^{63}Cu \ensuremath(^{19}F, p2n) ^{79}Rb}$ at E(beam) = 60 MeV. The lifetimes of the excited states of the $\pi \ensuremath g_{\frac{9}{2}}$ positive-parity yrast band and of the $\pi \ensuremath p_{\frac{3}{2}}$ negative-parity band in 79Rb were measured by the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method. The deduced transition quadrupole moments Qt are found to have a decreasing trend with rotational frequency for both the bands, consistent with those found experimentally in neighbouring nuclei.

High-spin states in 78Kr have been studied via the 63Cu (19F, 2p2n)78Kr reaction at a beam energy of 60 MeV using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA). In this nucleus, lifetimes have been measured upto the Iπ=22+ level in the yrast positive-parity band and upto the Iπ=15- level in the negative-parity band using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (DSAM). The deduced transition quadrupole moments Qt's are found to decrease with rotational frequency for both the bands.

Designing and testing new equipment can be an expensive and time consuming process or the desired performance characteristics may preclude its construction due to technological shortcomings. Cost may also prevent other types of scenario being tested. An alternative is to use Monte Carlo simulations to make the investigations. This paper exemplifies how Monte Carlo code calculations can be used to fill the gap by describing two investigations: (1) the possible self-attenuation of homogeneously distributed natural uranium in a lung phantom; and (2) the effect of activity deposited in the ribs on the activity estimate from a lung count.

A new genusUnguiculariella under the family Hyaloscyphaceae, order Helotiales of the inoperculate Discomycetes is proposed for material collected from Bhutan. The species,Unguiculariella bhutanica Thind and R Sharma gen. et. sp. nov., is described and illustrated.

Eight species of Lycoperdales have been described. Five of them are recorded here for the first time from India and Himalaya. GenusMorganella is reported for the first time from India.

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone (phytohormone) that play an important role on in vitro shoot morphogenesis in many plant species. The aim of the present investigation was to critically analyse the role of an ethylene inhibitor i.e. silver nitrate (AgNO3) on shoot organogenesis in sugarcanecvs. CoJ 83 and CoH 119. Different concentrations of silver nitrate were tested in the medium: 1 mgl−1, 3 mgl−1, 5 mgl−1 and 10 mgl−1. Genotypic dependence was observed between cvs. CoJ 83 and CoH 119 with different concentrations of AgNO3 tested in the medium. Among the varying concentrations (1–10 mgl−1) of silver nitrate tested, per centage of leaf roll segments responding were improved giving highest number of shoots per explant on MS medium + Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA; 5 mgl−1) + Kinetin (Kin; 0.5 mgl−1) + AgNO3 (3 mgl−1) in cv. CoJ 83 and on MS medium + NAA (5.5 mgl−1) + Kin (0.5 mgl−1) + AgNO3 (5 mgl−1). The number of shoots formed per explant increased to two-fold and the shoot length was also increased as compared to control. Data recorded on the number of roots and root length also showed a significant increase over the control in both the varieties.

SUMMARY This paper records 10 taxa of the genus Rosellinia from India, viz.: R. aquila, R. thelena, R. himalayensis, R. apiculata var. macrospora, R. corticium, R. sublimbata, R. indica, R. thindii, R. mammiformis and R. medullaris. In addition to the morphology of the stromata, anatomy is also described for each species. A key to the taxa included is given. Of these R. himalayensis, R. indica and R. thindii are described as new species, R. apiculata var. macrospora as a new variety. The remaining six species are new records for India. De Notaris (1844) described the genus Rosellinia (Xylariaceae, Sphaeriales), based on Sphaeria aquila Fr. Subsequently several pyrenomycetes with globose ascocarps, with or without well-developed stroma, were included in the genus. Saccardo (1882) divided the genus into 10 subgenera based mainly upon the features of perithecia and subiculum. Miller (1928) for the first time showed the presence of a definite stroma around the perithecium in species of Rosellinia and considered them close to species of Hypoxylon. Martin (1967) suggested also that there were close affinities of species of Rosellinia with Miller's section Primocinerea of Hypoxylon. Martin proposed a new section, Entoleuca in the genus Hypoxylon, embracing species of Rosellinia, species of section Primocinerea of Hypoxylon, and a few other species of different groups. We have treated Rosellinia and Hypoxylon as separate genera following Dennis (1968) and Mfiller and Arx (1973). Rosellinia was previously represented in India by 13 species. None was reported from the northwestern Himalayas except for two incompletely known species, R. andurensis Ces. & de Not. and R. bonaerensis Speg. These two species are listed in the "Fungi of India" by Butler and Bisby (1931), and are stated to be reported from Dehradun and Nainital respectively. The original material of both these collec

This paper gives an illustrated account of 7 species, 2 varieties and one new form of Clavariaceae collected from Dalhousie Hills (North-Western Himalayas) and Darjeeling Hills (Eastern Himalayas). All these are new records for India.

Three new species of Helotiales collected from the Northwestern Himalayas are described. These are Helotium filicinum, H. epiphylloides and Belonioscypha sessilis.

The carbon and nitrogen nutrition ofMicroxyphiella hibiscifolia Bat., Nasc., and Cif., isolated from the leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), was studied at 28° C for 14 days at pH 4·0. Out of forty-one carbon compounds tested, the pathogen showed excellent growth on dextrose, sucrose, starch, raffinose and maltose; good on inulin; fair on melibiose and galactose; and poor or no growth on rest of the carbon compounds. The pathogen showed excellent sporulation on all the carbohydrates, in general. Out of thirty-three nitrogen compounds tested, the pathogen showed excellent growth on peptone, asparagine, proline, ammonium oxalate, yeast extract, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate; good on ammonium chloride, serine, ammonium nitrate, urea, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, histidine mono HCl and histidine di HCl; fair on glutamic acid, lysine mono HCl, arginine mono HCl, threonine, nor-valine and glycine; and poor or no growth on rest of the nitrogen compounds. The pathogen showed excellent or good sporulation, in general, on all the nitrogen compounds. The utilisation of potassium nitrite was conditioned by the pH of the medium.

It is predicted that there should be fine structure in the cumulative mass yield curve in the symmetric mass region where major discontinuities in the neutron emission vs. mass curve exist. In the case of low-energy neutron fission of 238U, this fine structure takes the form of a pronounced depression in the region of mass 125. Under similar conditions for 232Th, the fine structure may take the form of depressions in the region of mass 110 and 125 so that the cumulative mass yield curve appears to have a central peak.

Three new species of Pezizales,Boudiera parvispora from Darjeeling,Cheilymenia simlensis from Simla andC. chandigarhii from Chandigarh, are described.

(1957). The Myxomycetes of the Mussoorie Hills. IV. Mycologia: Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 128-133.

This paper gives an illustrated account of 6 species ofXylosphaera Dumortier from the various localities in the North-Western Himalayas. Out of these 4 are new records for India.

A 'molecular model' of fission, in which a fragment separation of 4.0 fm defines the scission point, is proposed. Using the fragment separation distance as a free parameter, the sum of the coulomb and deformation energies for the scission configuration is minimized. This provides a method for calculating the kinetic energies of fragments both at the scission point and at infinite separation. The fragment deformation energies have also been calculated.

Trace element studies were carried out on six species ofHelminthosporium—H. sativum P. K. B.,H. avenae Eidam,H. teres Sacc.,H. oryzae Br. de Haan,H. turcicum Pass., andH. sacchari (Br. de Haan) Butler. The trace element contaminants from glassware, water, basal medium and inoculum were removed by various usual means. In addition, disodium salt of Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) was used to remove trace elements from glassware and water. Out of the 16 trace elements tested, Fe, Zn and Mn were found essential for the growth of all these species ofHelminthosporium; Cu for the growth ofH. avenae, H. oryzae, H. turcicum andH. sacchari but not for the growth ofH. sativum andH. teres; Mo and Ca for the growth ofH. oryzae andH. sacchari but not for the growth ofH. sativum, H. avenae, H. teres andH. turcicum. No other trace element was found essential for the growth of any of these fungi. Optimum concentrations in ppm of the essential trace elements for these fungi were as follows:H. sativum: Fe 10·0, Zn 0·0001, Mn 100·0,H. avenae: Fe 1·0; Zn 10·0; Mn 0·1, Cu 0·1;H. teres: Fe 0·01, Zn 10·0, Mn 0·01;H. oryzae: Fe 0·001, Zn 10·0, Mn 0·1, Cu 0·0001, Mo 0·0001, Ca 750·0;H. turcicum: Fe 0·1, Zn 0·1, Mn 1·0, Cu 0·1;H. sacchari: Fe 1·0, Zn 10·0, Mn 100·0, Cu 0·01, Mo 0·0001, Ca 250·0. Concentrations higher than the optimum were inhibitory to the respective fungi.

Trace element studies were carried out on five pathogenic fungi—Cercospora hibiscina Ellis and Everh.,C. withaniae H. and P. Syd.,C. crotalariae Sacc.,Monochaetia sp., andPestalotia theae Sawada. The trace element contaminants from glassware, basal medium, water, glucose and inoculum were removed by various usual means. In addition, EDTA was used for the removal of trace elements from glassware and water. Out of the 15 trace elements tested, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were found to be essential for the growth of these five fungi while Mo was found essential only for the growth ofC. crotalariae andMonochaetia sp. No other trace element was found to be essential for any of these fungi. Optimum concentrations in ppm of essential trace elements for these fungi were found to be as follows:C. hibiscina: Fe 0·2, Zn 0·01–0·1, Cu 0·01 and Mn 1·0;C. withaniae: Fe 1·0, Zn 1·0, Cu 0·1 and Mn 10·0;C. crotalariae: Fe 0·01, Zn 10·0, Cu 0·001, Mn 0·1, and Mo 0·001;Monochaetia sp.: Fe 1·0, Zn 0·1, Cu 0·1, Mn 0·1 and Mo 0·01; andPestalotia theae: Fe 10·0, Zn 0·1, Cu 0·01 and Mn 0·01. Concentrations higher than the optimum were inhibitory to the respective fungi.

Duosporium cyperi gen. et sp. nov., collected on Cyperus iria Linn., is characterized by the production of 2 types of conidia, macroconidia and microconidia. The macroconidia are straight, cylindrical, triseptate, with their middle cells dark brown, long, thick-walled, and end cells much paler or subhyaline, short, thin-walled, the middle and the end cells being equally wide. The microconidia are nonseptate, spherical, dark brown, prominently verrucose, and produced apically on the conidiophores like the macroconidia; occasionally also formed as secondary conidia on germinating 3-septate macroconidia in culture. The formation of 2 distinct types of conidia in Duosporium and the features of its macroconidia characteristically differentiate it from its close relative Helminthosporium, although Duosporium cyperi is not unique among fungi in producing 2 types of conidia.

Three new species of Thelephoraceae, Peniophora indica, P. fibuligera, and Aleurodiscus toxicola, from the northwestern Himalayas are described and illustrated.

This paper records additional species of the Helotiales from the Mussoorie Hills (5000-7500 ft altitude in the North Western Himalayas) as a part of the study of the fungus flora of that region undertaken by the senior author and his students. The first contribution (2) described eight known species. This second contribution deals with three new species belonging to Midotis, Helotium and Rutstroemia. The fruit bodies are described from fresh material as well as from that

Out of fifteen trace elements tested, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were found to be essential for the growth as well as sporulation ofClaviceps microcephala andMicroxyphiella hibiscifolia; Mo forC. microcephala but not forM. hibiscifolia; Ca forM. hibiscifolia but not forC. microcephala. No other trace element was found to be essential for either of these fungi. Optimum concentrations in ppm of essential trace elements were found to be as follows:C. microcephala, Fe 0·2, Zn 0·1, Mn 1·0, Cu 0·01 (0·01–0·1) and Mo 1·0;M. hibiscifolia, Fe 0·01 (0·01–0·1), Zn 10·0, Mn 1·0, Cu 10·0 and Ca 10·0. Concentrations higher than the optimum were progressively inhibitory to the respective fungi.

This paper records two new species of Myxomycetes collected from Darjeeling Hills (2,500-8,000 ft alt.) in the Eastern Himalayas. The previous 17 papers (see Thind & Manocha, 1964) give an illustrated account of about 106 known species and 13 new species. The 2 new species described here constitute nos. 122-123 of this series. The type material has been deposited in the herbarium of the Botany Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, and duplicate material in the Botany Department of the University of Iowa, Iowa City.

This paper records 10 more taxa of the genusRamaria (Fr.) Bonorden subgenusLaeticolora Marr and Stuntz collected from different localities in the eastern Himalaya and adjoining hills.Ramaria synaptopoda, Ramaria rasilispora var.scatesiana, Ramaria sandaracina andRamaria suecica are new records for the Himalaya whileRamaria flaviceps var.cremea, Ramaria flavobrunnescens, Ramaria flavobrunnescens var.formosoides, Ramaria flavobrunnescens var.aurea, Ramaria obtusissima andRamaria camelicolor are being recorded for the first time from the eastern Himalaya. Type/authentic collections of the first 3 taxa have also been examined.

In this paper an account of 12 taxa of the genusRamaria (Fr) Bonorden collected from various localities in the eastern Himalayas and adjoining hills is given. Of the taxa includedR. rubella varhimalaica is described as new;R. rubrievanescens, R. rubripermanens, R. botrytis, R. strasseri andR. flaccida varlongiramosa are now records for the Himalayas; whileR. clarobrunnea, R. flaccida, R. pusilla, R. concolor andR. apiculata are the first records of their occurrence in the eastern Himalayas.

When internal radiation exposure occurs via the inhalation route, the activity deposition in the respiratory tract is dependent on the particle size distribution of the radioactive aerosol. This fact has been recognized by ICRP Publication 30 in which annual limit of intake (ALI) and derived air concentration (DAC) values have been calculated for a variety of radionuclides based upon an activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of 1 micron. When radioactive aerosols have AMADs not equal to 1 micron, ICRP Publication 30 suggests the use of correction factors to calculate the appropriate ALI and DAC values. This work describes the measurement of particle size distribution for UO2 dust at a fuel fabrication work station by means of a cascade impactor. Measurements were made on 39 d spread over a 10-mo period to determine if the particle size distribution was stable over a year. The results of this study indicate that for this work station the measured AMAD values are not stable over a year. A discussion is provided on the treatment of such particle-size distribution data with the objective of extracting a representative particle-size distribution value, upon which an ALI and a DAC value can be determined. The observations made in this study have implications on the application of ICRP Publication 30 recommendations to operational health physics practice.

The carbon and nitrogen nutrition ofClaviceps microcephala, isolated from the ear heads ofPennisetum typhoides, was studied at 24°C for 20 days at pH 6·0. Out of forty-one carbon compounds tested, the pathogen showed excellent growth on dextrose, sucrose, pectin and methyl alcohol; good on mannose, fructose and maltose; fair on galactose, cocount oil and isopropyl alcohol; and poor or no growth on rest of the carbon compounds. Out of thirty-three nitrogenous compounds tested, the pathogen showed excellent growth on casein hydrolysate, yeast extract, asparagine, peptone, proline, glutamic acid and aspartic acid; good on ammonium nitrate and ammonium oxalate; fair on ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate, arginine mono HCl and ammonium phosphate; and poor or no growth on rest of the nitrogen compounds. In general, compounds which supported best mycelial growth ofC. microcephala yielded its excellent sporulation andvice versa.

Three strains of TRIC agent were isolated in embryonated eggs from 82 patients with clinical trachoma. These strains fixed complement with Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma-Trachoma group-specific antiserum.

The intravenous transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells from intragastrically immunized donors led to the appearance of agglutinins in the sera of recipients. Other lymph node cells from these donors did not impart such a response in the recipients. The serum agglutinin titres in recipients were dependent on the immune state of the donor where the better immunization of the donor gave a high and prolonged response in the recipients.