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Background Early-stage primary gastrointestinal (GI) low-grade B-cell lymphoma shows good therapeutic response to primary radiotherapy. However, there is no clear guideline for the evaluation of response to radiation therapy currently. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the best response time and the clinical course after radiotherapy. Methods Patients who underwent radiotherapy for treatment of primary GI low-grade B-cell lymphoma from September 2007 to December 2018 at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital were included. Early responders were defined by best response within 6 months after radiotherapy, and delayed responders after 6 months. Clinical and pathological factors associated with delayed response and survival analyses were performed to investigate the recurrence and survival during follow-up. Results A total of 43 patients were evaluated and the number of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and duodenal follicular lymphoma was 36 and 7, respectively. All of 43 patients showed complete remission to radiotherapy and the best response time after radiotherapy was a median of 3 months. There were 8 delayed responders with a median duration of 8.9 months. Early and delayed responders were characterized by a significant difference in depth of invasion beyond the mucosal layer. Conclusions Delayed responders did not show differences in oncological outcomes compared with early responders. They were allowed to watch and wait for an additional 6 to 12 months without further treatment.

We have investigated the effect of high temperature annealing of phosphorus doped poly on gate oxide integrity and device reliability. In NMOS capacitance analysis, unstable flat band voltage characteristics and lower oxide breakdown electric field were observed in wafers which received high temperature poly annealing at 1100 °C. Gate oxide integrity (GOI/Vramp) tests and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) tests were performed to evaluate wafer level reliability. Degraded GOI characteristics and poor gate oxide lifetime were obtained for the high temperature poly annealed condition. To evaluate package level reliability, high temperature gate bias (HTGB) stress tests were conducted. Some samples failed in positive gate bias stress and more severe negative threshold voltage shift was observed in negative gate bias stress for the high temperature poly annealed condition.

Background Radiation-related cardiotoxicity has been refocused nowadays as the follow-up was increased amomg the patients with advanced lung cancer. The early recognition of the occult cardiotoxicity enables the early intervention preventing clinically significant cardiac events or worsening of severity. Purpose We aim to search whether the F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) performed immediately after radiotherapy could predict the late cardiac events. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 133 patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage III NSCLC who underwent F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) immediately after CCRT for the response evaluation and survived at least for 6 months. Heart was recontoured according to the RTOG 0617 secondary analysis atlas for the dose volume analysis. Standardized uptake values (SUV) of the left ventricular myocardium were measured on FDG PET images. The patients were regularly followed up for the disease progression and complications. The primary end-point was the cardiac events grade ≥2 based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). Results FDG PET was performed at median interval of 11 days after CCRT. Fourty-two patients experienced cardiotoxicity during a median follow-up of 47 months (range, 12 – 123 months). In univariable analysis, mean heart dose, maximum SUV of the left ventricle (LV SUVmax), white blood cell count, and diabetes were associated with the risk of cardiotoxicity. In multivariable analysis, only higher mean heart dose (>11.1 Gy, hazard ratio 3.930 [95% confidence interval 1.933–7.988]; p=0.0002) and higher LV SUVmax (>12.84, 2.189 [1.162–4.124]; p=0.0152) were independently associated with increased risk of cardiotoxicity. In subgroup analyses, LV SUVmax remained predictive of cardiotoxicity among those with higher mean heart dose, but not among those with lower mean heart dose. Conclusion Early FDG PET after CCRT for NSCLC could predict the late cardiac events, especially in patients with high dose cardiac irradiation. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): This work was supported by a grant of the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation funded by the Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea (Principal Investigator: Sang-Geon Cho)

Although 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG PET) is commonly used for initial staging and therapeutic response evaluation in aggressive lymphomas, its prognostic utility for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is controversial. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the correlations of interim PET (iPET) and end-of-treatment PET (ePET) response with survival outcomes in 89 consecutive advanced MCL patients treated with frontline R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone). iPET positivity was strongly associated with inferior five-year overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) 7·84, P

PurposeThe optimal treatment for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PG-DLBCL) is still unknown. We evaluated unfavorable prognostic factors and pattern of failure in PG-DLBCL to determine the optimal treatment strategy.MethodsBetween April 2001 and November 2018, 120 patients with complete remission following rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. According to the Lugano staging system, 80 patients (66.7%) had localized disease and 40 patients (33.3%) had advanced disease. A total of 93 (77.5%) patients had single gastric lesion and 27 (22.5%) patients had multiple gastric lesions. Ninety patients (75%) were treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy alone and 30 patients (25%) received R-CHOP chemotherapy with additional local treatment for gastric lesions.ResultsThe 5-year locoregional failure-free survival (LRFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates in patients treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy with local treatment were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, whereas the LRFS, PFS, and OS rates in patients treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy alone were 86.3%, 78.2%, and 87.4%, respectively (p = 0.031, p = 0.095, and p = 0.025, respectively). During the follow-up period, 17 patients (14.2%) had disease recurrence. Only 3 of the 17 patients had relapse in a completely new site without relapse in the initial involved site. All, except 2, cases of local recurrence included gastric failure. In the multivariate analysis, performance status and number of gastric lesions were independent prognostic factors for treatment outcome.ConclusionsPatients with complete remission following R-CHOP chemotherapy showed a good prognosis. The main pattern of failure in patients with PG-DLBCL was local recurrence, especially in the stomach. Patients who received local treatment for gastric lesions showed improved gastric control. Therefore, in patients with unfavorable prognostic factors, we recommend R-CHOP chemotherapy with additional local treatment for gastric lesions.

We report measurements of specific avalanche energies as function of time in avalanche, perform thermal analysis and verify the results by temperature-dependent UIS tests. We demonstrate that linear thermal analysis is inaccurate in application to UIS in SiC due to much higher critical temperatures in SiC as compared to silicon. An activation-type dependence with an apparent energy of 1.3 eV is established between time in avalanche and critical failure temperature. The failure mechanism for UIS is shown to be unrelated to electronic instability.

Background The choice of a primary treatment for ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML) depends on the extent of tumor spread. However, radiotherapy is commonly used as a first-line therapy despite ophthalmic complications, because most OAMLs are in a limited stage of progression. However, the initial therapeutic modality, including chemotherapy and treatment of the advanced stage, has not been fully established for OAML. Therefore, we evaluated the optimal therapeutic options and survival outcome-related parameters for patients with primary OAML. Methods We evaluated 208 consecutive patients with primary OAML who were diagnosed at the Catholic University Lymphoma Group between January 2004 and April 2015. Findings During a median follow-up of 70.0 months (range, 3.2–182.0 months) in 208 patients with primary OAML, most patients were female and the median age was 46 years old. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 13 years were excellent (92.7% and 69.7%, respectively). Of the 117 patients who received the first-line radiotherapy, 92% achieved complete remission (CR), usually by being treated with less than 30 Gy. Radiation-related ophthalmic complications including dry eye syndrome (59%) and cataract (22%) caused a decline in the quality of life (QoL). Chemotherapy alone was used to treat 86 OAML patients, with 84.9% achieving CR and 12.8% achieving partial remission with tolerable toxicities. There were no differences in survival outcomes between patients treated with radiotherapy versus those treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy, although the latter group had more advanced stages of OAML (OS, p = 0.057; PFS, p = 0.075). Interpretation OAML patients were predominantly female and relatively young, and radiotherapy as a primary therapeutic option was more likely to lead to radiation-related complications, resulting in lower QoL. On the other hand, frontline chemotherapy showed consistent therapeutic outcomes with tolerable toxicities compared to radiotherapy, and there were no long-term or delayed adverse events. Therefore, when considering therapeutic efficacy and therapy-related QoL, chemotherapy is recommended for younger patients, and radiotherapy is recommended for older and chemotherapy-ineligible patients. Funding A National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. NRF-2016R1A2B4007282)., Highlights • OAML occurs predominantly in females and at a relatively young age than other non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas • Radiotherapy and chemotherapy show excellent clinical survival outcomes as a frontline therapy for OAML • Radiotherapy is recommended for the elderly patients, and chemotherapy is preferred for younger patients due to the radiation-related complications

Avalanche breakdown of novel 650 V SiC Schottky-barrier rectifiers is investigated. The rectifier diode has low leakage current for the temperatures up to 300 °C. Thermal coefficient of avalanche breakdown increases with the temperature to around 0.009%/K at 200 °C. Near-uniform avalanche breakdown is verified using emission imaging, and maximum specific avalanche energy of 20.7 J/cm2 is achieved. The critical temperature for stability in unclamped inductive switching (UIS) is above 520 °C as estimated through thermal simulation. Long-term walkout of breakdown voltage at 176 °C is less than 0.02%.

There was a U-shaped association between hip BMD and all-cause mortality, with the lowest mortality in the 90th percentile in males. However, there was an inverse linear relationship in females. In contrast, the association between lumbar spine BMD and mortality was less evident in males, with no association in females.Bone mineral density (BMD) is reported inversely associated with mortality. Although some previous studies provided evidence for nonlinear associations, these were not adequately assessed in most previous works.We evaluated the nonlinear relationship between BMD and mortality in Asians. Our study involved 8629 participants in the Dong-gu study from 2007 to 2010. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) according to BMD categories after adjusting for potential confounders. During a follow-up of 6.7 ± 1.4 years, 712 participants died.There was a U-shaped association between hip BMD and all-cause mortality, with the lowest mortality in the 90th percentile in males. However, there was an inverse linear relationship in females. In males, compared with the 75th to 95th percentile group, the 2.5th percentile group had a 3.89 (95% CI 2.41-6.28)-fold higher risk and the 2.5th to 5th percentile group had a 2.51 (95% CI 1.25-5.04)-fold higher risk. The HR was 2.51 (95% CI 1.25, 5.04) in the 97.5th percentile group. In females, compared with that in the 75th to 95th percentile group, the HR was 2.33 (95% CI 1.24, 4.39) in the 2.5th percentile group. In contrast, the association between lumbar spine BMD and mortality was less evident in males, with no association in females.In conclusion, this study shows that the association between BMD and mortality varies by gender and that high and low BMD are predictors of all-cause mortality in males.

We present the first measurement of the Michel parameters η ‾ and ξκ in the radiative leptonic decay of the τ lepton using 703 fb-1 of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e + e − collider. The Michel parameters are measured by an unbinned maximum likelihood fit to the kinematic information of e + e − → τ + τ − → ( π + π 0 ν ‾ ) ( l − ν ν ‾ γ ) ( l = e or μ ) . The preliminary values of the measured Michel parameters are η ‾ = − 2.0 ± 1.5 ± 0.8 and ξ κ = 0.6 ± 0.4 ± 0.2 , where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.

The anomalous diffusion of resonant protons in parallel and perpendicular velocity space by kinetic Alfvén waves is discussed. The velocity diffusion coefficient is calculated by employing an autocorrelation function for proton trajectories. It is found that for protons resonant with the waves, the perpendicular diffusion coefficient decays away for a sufficiently long time, but parallel diffusion monotonically increases in time until it saturates at a certain level. This result indicates that a portion of resonant protons can undergo anomalous diffusion along the background magnetic field even if the intensity of the kinetic Alfvén wave is sufficiently low. The present findings imply that under suitable conditions, astrophysical charged-particle acceleration can take place in the parallel direction.

Oxygen partial pressure at the boundary between external oxidation layer and steel matrix was determined by characterisation of internal oxidation in Si-containing low-carbon steels oxidised under atmospheric condition. The oxygen partial pressure calculated from the rate equation of the internal oxidation matches with the equilibrium value between Fe and FeO. From the oxygen partial pressure between external oxidation layer and steel matrix, the evolution of internal oxidation zone and the diffusion profile of solute Si were numerically simulated. The calculated depth of internal oxidation and solute Si profile accords to the measured ones from the EPMA, which implies that the numerical simulation captures reasonably the evolution of the internal oxidation in the Si-containing steels.

A calcium molybdate ( $\text{CaMoO}_{4}$ ) crystal scintillator, with molybdenum enriched in $^{100}\text{Mo}$ and calcium depleted in $^{48}\text{Ca}$ ( $^{40}\text{Ca}{}^{100}\text{MoO}_{4}$ ), was developed by the Advanced Molybdenum based Rare process Experiment (AMoRE) collaboration to search for a neutrinoless double beta ( $0\nu \beta \beta $ ) decay of $^{100}\text{Mo}$ . We are planning to use about 10 kg of $^{40}\text{Ca}{}^{100}\text{MoO}_{4}$ crystals as cryogenic bolometers for the first phase of the experiment (AMoRE-I) at the Yang Yang underground laboratory (Y2L) in Korea. This experiment calls for an extremely low level of radioactive contamination in detectors, particularly by thorium, uranium, and radium decay chains. We measured scintillation properties and radioactive contamination of $\text{CaMoO}_{4}$ and $^{40}\text{Ca}{}^{100}\text{MoO}_{4}$ crystals at the Y2L. We also estimated the acceptable level of internal radioactive background using Monte Carlo simulation for the AMoRE-I.

BackgroundStudies on gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are lacking. We investigated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of MCL with GI tract involvement.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 64 patients diagnosed with MCL from January 2009 to April 2017. At the time of MCL diagnosis, patients who were identified to have GI involvement by endoscopic or radiologic examination were assigned to the GI-MCL group. The other patients were assigned to the non GI-MCL group.ResultsThe GI-MCL group included 28 patients (43.8%). The most common endoscopic finding of MCL was lymphomatous polyposis (20/28, 71.4%). The GI-MCL group had higher stage and International Prognostic Index status (P = 0.012 and P = 0.003, respectively). Among the total 51 GI lesions in the GI-MCL group, 31.4% (16/51) were detected only by endoscopic examinations and were not detected on CT or PET-CT. The cumulative incidence of recurrence was higher in the GI-MCL group compared with the non GI-MCL group but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.082). Stage (HR 1.994, 95% CI 1.007-3.948) and auto PBSCT (HR 0.133, 95% CI 0.041-0.437) were identified as independent predictive factors for recurrence. Recurrences at GI tract were identified in 59.1% (13/22) and 11.1% (2/18) of the GI-MCL and non GI-MCL group, respectively. Among 15 GI tract recurrences, five recurrences were detected only with endoscopic examinations.ConclusionsEndoscopy can reveal the GI involvement of MCL that is not visualized by radiological imaging. Endoscopic examinations are recommended during staging workup and the follow-up period of MCL patients.

1200 V 80 m Ω SiC MOSFETs were developed for 150 mm wafer mass production. Avalanche ruggedness was confirmed by measuring the failure distribution in unclamped Inductive switching (UIS) for five wafers. The high voltage blocking reliability was verified by running 1000hr high temperature reverse bias tests for totally 770 devices without failures. The process conditions were optimized for gate oxide integrity and to minimize threshold voltage (V TH ) drift both during positive and negative bias stress. Significant reductions of extrinsic defects in the gate oxide breakdown distributions were obtained using optimized process conditions for both product dies and NMOS capacitors. State-of-the-art V TH stability was verified by transient measurements of V TH drift during gate bias stress for packaged 80 m ΩSiC MOSFETs.

Substorms are known to sometimes occur even under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. In this paper, we perform three-dimensional global magnetohydrodynamic simulations to examine dayside reconnection, tail, and ionospheric signatures for two cases of substorm observations under prolonged northward and dawnward IMF conditions: (1) a strongly northward/dawnward IMF case with BIMF = (0, −20, 20) nT; (2) a weakly northward/dawnward IMF case with BIMF = (0, −2, 2) nT. Throughout the simulations, we used the constant solar wind conditions to reflect the prolonged solar wind conditions around the substorm times. We found that, in both cases, the tail reconnection occurred after the usual high-latitude reconnection on the dayside, providing a possible energy source for later triggered substorm observations under northward IMF conditions. The presence of an equal amount of IMF By allows the high-latitude reconnected magnetic field lines to transport to the tail lobe, eventually leading to the tail reconnection. The simulation results also revealed the following major differences between the two cases: First, the reconnection onset (both on dayside and in the tail) occurs earlier in the strongly northward IMF case than in the weakly northward IMF case. Second, the polar cap size, which is finite in both cases despite the northward IMF conditions and thus supports the lobe energy buildup needed for the substorm occurrences, is larger in the strongly northward IMF case. Accordingly, the polar cap potential is far larger in the strongly northward IMF case (hundreds of kilovolt) than in the weakly northward IMF case (tens of kilovolt). Third, in the strongly northward IMF case, the strong earthward tail plasma flow appears to be caused by the enhanced convection (so enhanced duskward Ey) due to the tail reconnection. In contrast, in the weakly northward IMF case, the earthward tail plasma flow increases gradually in association with a modestly increased duskward electric field. In addition, the inner plasma pressure and the cross tail current near the reconnection site increase significantly in the strongly northward IMF case but less significantly in the weakly northward IMF case after the onset of the tail reconnection. In conclusion, the simulation results support observations of the substorms under northward IMF conditions in the presence of an equal amount of IMF By by demonstrating the energy input via dayside reconnection and the subsequent occurrence of the tail reconnection.

Background CT-P13 is approved in both European Union and United States, and licensed for use in 79 countries around the world as a biosimilar to innovator infliximab (INX). The independent registries of CT-P13 have been conducted in a number of European countries and Korea [1]. Objectives To evaluate safety and effectiveness of CT-P13 when administered in a real-life setting in active RA patients. Methods This study collected data of patients who were treated with CT-P13 from 2013 December to 2016 June. Efficacy was assessed at baseline and every 6 months thereafter using DAS28 (ESR) and/or DAS28 (CRP) and collection of adverse events (AEs) was performed. Immunogenicity was assessed at baseline, Week 30 and every year during CT-P13 treatment period. Results Total 125 patients were enrolled; 104 patients started treatment with CT-P13 (Naive group) and 21 patients (8 from INX, 13 from other anti-TNFs) switched treatment to CT-P13 (Switching group). The mean (SD) duration since RA diagnosis was 6.5 (±6.85) years for all patients. Of all patients treated with CT-P13, only 4.8% (6/125) of patients changed to other anti-TNFs. Two of six patients changed treatment within 8 month after starting CT-P13. The proportion of patients achieving clinical remission by DAS28 (ESR/CRP) increased gradually (Figure 1). DAS28 (ESR/CRP) value decreased from baseline at 6 months and it maintained thereafter (Table 1). Switching group also showed similar results that remission rate by DAS28 (CRP) was 42.9% (3/7) and mean actual value was 2.85 at 12 months. For Naive group, 50% (52/104) of patients had at least one positive anti-drug antibody result and it is consistent to other published study [2]. Overall safety summarized as the percentage of patients with at least one treatment emergent AE (TEAE) was similar or lower after switching to CT-P13 (Table 2). No cases of active tuberculosis were reported. Conclusions The overall safety profile revealed that CT-P13 is well-tolerated in patients with RA and remission rate for 24 months also showed that CT-P13 is efficacious under real world practice. References Glintborg et al. ACR 2016. Krintel et al. Rheumatology 2013. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Analyzing Korea’s laws and legal systems, this chapter develops a legal-cultural explanation of the Sewol ferry incident and its aftermath that places hierarchy-oriented Korean mentality as a deep cultural root of the problem. It examines the laws and legal systems of the country that are causally related to the beginning, processes and aftermath of the tragedy. Hierarchy interferes with efficient and correct decision-making in disaster situations, as Gladwell points out in Outlier, and most victims of the Sewol ferry sinking suffered from their fatal failure to challenge the completely misinformed order from higher up the hierarchical chain: “Stay Still.” As the Sewol’s victims poignantly demonstrated—with their lives—a fatal consequence resulting from Korea’s hierarchical culture that discourages the masses from challenging the authority of superiors, so does the incident’s aftermath reveal the country’s state paternalism in its liberal deployment of criminal defamation suits. This chapter argues that the legal culture embeds a recent crisis of seditious libel and criminal defamation actions aiming to suppress particular forms of speech: criticisms of the higher chain of the command in a country which is dominated by state paternalism . In doing so, this chapter makes comparisons with and evaluations against an international human rights regime on freedom of speech and the state practices of several major countries.

Background ABN401 is a highly selective best-in-class Met inhibitor that is targeting MET-driven cancers. Met which is also known as a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor is encoded by the MET gene. MET alterations, including amplification and mutation, and Met overexpression are well known for tumorigenic transformation, tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in several cancer types, including gastric and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ABN401 shows significant MET signaling inhibition in in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, especially for cell lines, xenograft, and PDx models which have high MET amplification and/or MET exon 14 deletion. Methods In this study, to confirm the pharmacokinetic and pharmocodynamic correlation of ABN401, gastric cancer and NSCLC xenograft models were used. SNU-5, a gastric cancer cell line and EBC-1, a NSCLC cell line both of which has high MET amplification, were used for the xenograft model and dosed at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of ABN401 by oral administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed in both plasma and tumor tissue samples. Pharmacodynamic biomarkers including Met and phospho-Met (T1234/1235) and downstream signaling were analyzed by immunoblotting. In addition, an expression of Met and phospho-Met were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results The PK results demonstrated that in both gastric and NSCLC xenograft models ABN401 drug was readily distributed to tumor tissues. According to both PD studies, ABN401 showed inhibitory effects of Met and downstream signaling in a time dependent manner for both cancer types. There was also correlated between the PK parameters in plasma and tumor samples and pharmacodynamics studies. Conclusions This preclinical PK/PD correlation study of ABN401 provides evidence for human dose predictions and dosing strategy for clinical studies. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Abion Inc. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.