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In recent years there has been a mounting interest towards the traditional medicine globally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Avarai Kudineer (AK) is a Siddha classical polyherbal formulation that has been indicated for the management of Diabetes mellitus in Siddha literature. The goal of the present study is to provide an in-vitro evidence for the antidiabetic potential of Avarai Kudineer in terms of inhibiting the carbohydrate digesting enzymes alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. Aavirai Kudineer (1/4) was prepared by boiling the ingredients weighed 20g in 80ml and reduced to 20ml and filtered according to the decoction preparation method as indicted in the Siddha literature. The filtrate was dissolved in DMSO to make stock solution and serially diluted to make different concentrations ranging from 10,20,40,80 and 100 µg/ml. The triplicates (n=3) were maintained. The invitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition of AK sample was compared with standard drug acarbose and the IC 50 value was calculated.The data was statistically analysed and expressed as Mean ± SD (n=3). The results showed that AK had maximum activity towards the inhibition of the enzyme alpha amylase (59.83± 7.10) and alpha glucosidase (71.94 ± 1.22) when compared with the standard acarbose81.42± 5.51 and 91.59 ±12.79respectively. The results reveal that the test drug AK has appreciable alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Content-Based Image Retrieval is a process to retrieve the similar images from the large set of image database corresponding to the query image. In CBIR low level or pixel level features such as color, texture and shape of the images are extracted and on the basis of similarity matching algorithm the required similar kind of images are retrieved from the image database. To understand the evaluation and evolution of CBIR system various research was studied and various research is going on this way also. In this paper, we have discussed some of the popular pixel level feature extraction techniques for Content-Based Image Retrieval and we also present here about the performance of each technique.

The packing chromatic number $\chi_\rho$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest integer $k$ for which there exists a mapping $\pi$ from $V(G)$ to $\{1,2,...,k\}$ such that any two vertices of color $i$ are at distance at least $i+1$. In this paper, the authors find the packing chromatic number of subdivision vertex join of cycle graph with path graph and subdivision edge join of cycle graph with path graph.

Aim: The aim of the study is to correlate Atherogenic Index of Plasma fAIP = log (TGL/HDL)g and with Lipoprotein(a) concentrations in diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 non-diabetic subjects and 30 diabetic patients. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp (a)] was estimated by Immunoturbidimetry and the parameters Triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) by their respective methods in Biochemistry Auto-analyzer. Results: It was found that, there is a positive correlation of Lp(a) with the AIP. Conclusion: It is summarized that, the lipoprotein ratio like AIP shall be accepted as a better indicator of cardio-vascular risk other than taking into account one of the lipoproteins as such. Estimating Lipoprotein(a) is costlier compared to the other lipoproteins, which makes it an objectionable parameter by the patients themselves. In the future, we would thereby, insist the rationale behind estimating the lipoprotein ratios as better markers of assessing cardio-vascular risks. Keywords: High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a))

The Fourier transform infrared and FT-Raman spectra of Benzonitrile have been recorded in region of 4000-400 and 4000-100 cm -1 respectively. A complete assignments and analysis of fundamental vibrational modes of the molecule have been carried out. The observed fundamental modes have been compared with harmonic vibrational frequencies computed using ab initio and density functional theory calculations by employing B3LYP functional at 6-311G(d, p) level and HF/6-311G(d, p).UV-Vis spectrum of the compound has been recorded, the natural bond orbital (NBO) electronic properties, such as highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies have been calculated with B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) level. These calculated energies show that charge transfer occurs within molecule. NBO analysis, thermodynamics properties and Mulliken charges of the title molecule are also calculated and interpreted

This paper investigates the hourly precipitation estimation capacities of ANN using raw data and reconstructed data using proposed Precipitation Sliding Window Period (PSWP) method. The precipitation data from 11 Automatic Weather Station (AWS) of Delhi has been obtained from Jan 2015 to Feb 2016. The proposed PSWP method uses both time and space dimension to fill the missing precipitation values. Hourly precipitation follows patterns in particular period along with its neighbor stations. Based on these patterns of precipitation, Local Cluster Sliding Window Period (LCSWP) and Global Cluster Sliding Window Period (GCSWP) are defined for single AWS and all AWSs respectively. Further, GCSWP period is classified into four different categories to fill the missing precipitation data based on patterns followed in it. The experimental results indicate that ANN trained with reconstructed data has better estimation results than the ANN trained with raw data. The average RMSE for ANN trained with raw data is 0.44 and while that for neural network trained with reconstructed data is 0.34.

Objectives: 2-aminobenzonitrile is used as the starting materials for the synthesis of many biologically active compounds. The main objective of the study was to synthesize, characterization and biological evaluation of a binuclear bridged Cr(III) complex containing 2-aminobenzonitrile (N,Ndonor) and octanoate ion (OC) as ligands. Methods: This study formulated, the required mole ratio of 2-aminobenzonitrile in methanol and sodium octanoate in ethanol were added to the chromium chloride in methanol followed by microwave irradiation for few seconds after each addition by using microwave oven and the precipitate was filtered off, washed with 1:1 ethanol: water and characterized by various spectral studies and biological significance. Results: The resulted complex was investigated by the help of elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment, electronic spectra, FT-IR, cyclic voltammetry, thermal analysis and powder-XRD techniques. The spectral data’s indicates that the geometry of the complex is octahedral. The antimicrobial activities of ligands and their Cr(III) complex were studied by agar-well diffusion method. The free radical scavenging activity of the complex and the ligands has been determined by measuring their interaction with the stable free radical DPPH. DNA-binding properties have been studied by fluorescence-emission method. Conclusion: The formulated Cr(III) complex showed moderate and potential activity against the tested bacteria, enhanced activity against the fungi and larger antioxidant activity as compared to the free ligands. The DNA binding study result suggests that the complex strongly binds to DNA.

Introduction: Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SH) represents a condition of mild to moderate thyroid failure characterized by normal levels of serum thyroid hormones with mildly elevated serum TSH concentrations. The possibility of an increased prevalence of non-traditional risk factors (endothelial dysfunction, low grade inflammation, and alterations in coagulation parameters) in SH remains to be clarified. The present study was undertaken t o evaluate if hypercoagulabililty exists in subclinical hypothyroid patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for a period of three months in Government Omandurar Medical College antenatal and Medicine OPDs. The subjects diagnosed as subclinical hypothyroid based on TSH levels were recruited into the study group based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The total number of subjects is 60 subjects and were divided into group A(30 subjects with SH - cases) and B (30 subjects euthyroid - controls). 5 ml fasting blood samples were collected. Free T3, free T4, TSH, fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Hs-CRP were estimated. All statistical analyses were carried out for two tailed significance and p value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant using SPSS v16.0. Results: FT3, FT4 values were normal in both cases and controls, whilst TSH values differed significantly (with a mean of 2.59 mIU /L in controls and 7.76 mIU/L in cases) Fibrinogen (282.37 81.91 in controls vs 321.95 85.44 mg/dl in cases). HsCRP levels (1013.5 in controls vs 3367.87 ng/ml in cases) were significantly higher in the Subclinical Hypothyroid subjects when compared to healthy controls. However the levels of Homocysteine were not significantly different in Subclinical Hypothyroid patients when compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study found out that the risk factors for hypercoagulable state like fibrinogen and inflammatory state like hsCRP were significantly elevated in subclinical hypothyroids (TSH elevated with normal FT3, FT4) w