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3. Characteristics, Origins, and Biosignature Preservation Potential of Carbonate‐Bearing Rocks Within and Outside of Jezero Crater

Author

K. M. Stack, K. R. Frizzell, Mario Parente, Adrian J. Brown, Briony Horgan, Edward A. Cloutis, David Flannery, A. H. D. Koeppel, Frank P. Seelos, Peter B. Kelemen, J. D. Tarnas, Patrick Pinet, J. F. Mustard, K. R. Moore, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheres, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, in situ exploration, Planetary Atmospheres, Clouds, and Hazes, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Carbonate minerals, Geochemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Biogeosciences, 01 natural sciences, Remote Sensing, Jezero crater, carbonate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects, Impact crater, groundwater, Biosignature, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Planetary Sciences: Astrobiology, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Hydrothermal Systems and Weathering on Other Planets, Planetary Atmospheres, Jezero, Mars Exploration Program, Planetary Mineralogy and Petrology, Geophysics, Meteorite, lacustrine, Carbonate, Planetary Sciences: Comets and Small Bodies, Geology, Composition, Research Article, Mars, Stratigraphic unit, carbonates, imaging spectroscopy, engineering.material, Planetary Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets, Planetary Sciences: Fluid Planets, Mineralogy and Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Olivine, habitability, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, engineering, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

Carbonate minerals have been detected in Jezero crater, an ancient lake basin that is the landing site of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, and within the regional olivine‐bearing (ROB) unit in the Nili Fossae region surrounding this crater. It has been suggested that some carbonates in the margin fractured unit, a rock unit within Jezero crater, formed in a fluviolacustrine environment, which would be conducive to preservation of biosignatures from paleolake‐inhabiting lifeforms. Here, we show that carbonate‐bearing rocks within and outside of Jezero crater have the same range of visible‐to‐near‐infrared carbonate absorption strengths, carbonate absorption band positions, thermal inertias, and morphologies. Thicknesses of exposed carbonate‐bearing rock cross‐sections in Jezero crater are ∼75–90 m thicker than typical ROB unit cross‐sections in the Nili Fossae region, but have similar thicknesses to ROB unit exposures in Libya Montes. These similarities in carbonate properties within and outside of Jezero crater is consistent with a shared origin for all of the carbonates in the Nili Fossae region. Carbonate absorption minima positions indicate that both Mg‐ and more Fe‐rich carbonates are present in the Nili Fossae region, consistent with the expected products of olivine carbonation. These estimated carbonate chemistries are similar to those in martian meteorites and the Comanche carbonates investigated by the Spirit rover in Columbia Hills. Our results indicate that hydrothermal alteration is the most likely formation mechanism for non‐deltaic carbonates within and outside of Jezero crater., Key Points Carbonates within and outside of Jezero crater have similar spectra, thermal inertias, morphologies, and thicknessesCarbonates within and outside of Jezero crater likely formed via the same processesHydrothermal alteration and evaporation are the most likely processes for carbonate formation within and outside of Jezero crater

Published
2021

4. Origin of carbonate-bearing rocks in Jezero crater: Implications for ancient habitability in subsurface environments

Author

Adrian J. Brown, Peter B. Kelemen, K. R. Frizzell, Kathryn Stack Morgan, Briony Horgan, J. D. Tarnas, Kelsey R. Moore, Mario Parente, A. H. D. Koeppel, Edward A. Cloutis, Patrick Pinet, David Flannery, John F. Mustard, and Frank P. Seelos

Subjects
Bearing (mechanical), Ancient lake, Habitability, Geochemistry, Stratigraphic unit, Mars Exploration Program, Structural basin, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Impact crater, law, Carbonate, Geology
Abstract

Jezero crater, an ancient lake basin that is the landing site of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, contains a carbonate-bearing rock unit termed the margin fractured unit. Some of the carbonates in...

Published
2021

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