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1. Erratum to: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published: 2022
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2. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $${1.4 \times 10^{-48}}\, {\hbox {cm}}^{2}$$ 1.4 × 10 - 48 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of $${40}\, \hbox {GeV}/{\hbox {c}}^{2}$$ 40 GeV / c 2 and a $${1000}\, \hbox {days}$$ 1000 days exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large $${5.6}\, \hbox {t}$$ 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented.
Published: 2020
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3. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment

Author: N. Abgrall, E. Aguayo, F. T. Avignone, A. S. Barabash, F. E. Bertrand, M. Boswell, V. Brudanin, M. Busch, A. S. Caldwell, Y.-D. Chan, C. D. Christofferson, D. C. Combs, J. A. Detwiler, P. J. Doe, Yu. Efremenko, V. Egorov, H. Ejiri, S. R. Elliott, J. Esterline, J. E. Fast, P. Finnerty, F. M. Fraenkle, A. Galindo-Uribarri, G. K. Giovanetti, J. Goett, M. P. Green, J. Gruszko, V. E. Guiseppe, K. Gusev, A. L. Hallin, R. Hazama, A. Hegai, R. Henning, E. W. Hoppe, S. Howard, M. A. Howe, K. J. Keeter, M. F. Kidd, A. Knecht, O. Kochetov, S. I. Konovalov, R. T. Kouzes, B. D. LaFerriere, J. Leon, L. E. Leviner, J. C. Loach, P. N. Luke, S. MacMullin, R. D. Martin, S. Mertens, L. Mizouni, M. Nomachi, J. L. Orrell, C. O'Shaughnessy, N. R. Overman, David Phillips, A. W. P. Poon, K. Pushkin, D. C. Radford, K. Rielage, R. G. H. Robertson, M. C. Ronquest, A. G. Schubert, B. Shanks, T. Shima, M. Shirchenko, K. J. Snavely, N. Snyder, D. Steele, J. Strain, A. M. Suriano, J. Thompson, V. Timkin, W. Tornow, R. L. Varner, S. Vasilyev, K. Vetter, K. Vorren, B. R. White, J. F. Wilkerson, T. Williams, W. Xu, E. Yakushev, A. R. Young, C.-H. Yu, and V. Yumatov
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator will search for the neutrinoless double-beta (ββ0ν) decay of the isotope Ge with a mixed array of enriched and natural germanium detectors. The observation of this rare decay would indicate that the neutrino is its own antiparticle, demonstrate that lepton number is not conserved, and provide information on the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. The Demonstrator is being assembled at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. The array will be situated in a low-background environment and surrounded by passive and active shielding. Here we describe the science goals of the Demonstrator and the details of its design.
Published: 2014
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4. The EXO-200 detector, part II: Auxiliary Systems

Author: N. Ackerman, J. Albert, M. Auger, D.J. Auty, I. Badhrees, P.S. Barbeau, L. Bartoszek, E. Baussan, V. Belov, C. Benitez-Medina, T. Bhatta, M. Breidenbach, T. Brunner, G.F. Cao, W.R. Cen, C. Chambers, B. Cleveland, R. Conley, S. Cook, M. Coon, W. Craddock, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S.J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, C.G. Davis, J. Davis, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. deVoe, T. Didberidze, J. Dilling, A. Dobi, A.G. Dolgolenko, M.J. Dolinski, M. Dunford, J. Echevers, L. Espic, W. Fairbank, D. Fairbank, J. Farine, W. Feldmeier, S. Feyzbakhsh, P. Fierlinger, K. Fouts, D. Franco, D. Freytag, D. Fudenberg, P. Gautam, G. Giroux, R. Gornea, K. Graham, G. Gratta, C. Hagemann, C. Hall, K. Hall, G. Haller, E.V. Hansen, C. Hargrove, R. Herbst, S. Herrin, J. Hodgson, M. Hughes, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, C. Jessiman, M.J. Jewell, A. Johnson, T.N. Johnson, S. Johnston, A. Karelin, L.J. Kaufman, R. Killick, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K.S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, D.S. Leonard, F. Leonard, F. LePort, G.S. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y.H. Lin, D. Mackay, R. MacLellan, M. Marino, J.-M. Martin, Y. Martin, T. McElroy, K. McFarlane, T. Michel, B. Mong, D.C. Moore, K. Murray, R. Neilson, R. Nelson, O. Njoya, O. Nusair, K. O'Sullivan, A. Odian, I. Ostrovskiy, C. Ouellet, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, C.Y. Prescott, K. Pushkin, F. Retiere, A. Rivas, A.L. Robinson, E. Rollin, P.C. Rowson, M.P. Rozo, J. Runge, J.J. Russell, S. Schmidt, A. Schubert, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, S. Slutsky, E. Smith, A.K. Soma, V. Stekhanov, V. Strickland, M. Swift, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, D. Tosi, T.I. Totev, R. Tsang, K. Twelker, B. Veenstra, V. Veeraraghavan, J.-L. Vuilleumier, J.-M. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, A. Waite, J. Walton, T. Walton, K. Wamba, J. Watkins, M. Weber, L.J. Wen, U. Wichoski, M. Wittgen, J. Wodin, J. Wood, G. Wrede, S.X. Wu, Q. Xia, L. Yang, Y.-R. Yen, O.Ya. Zeldovich, and T. Ziegler
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The EXO-200 experiment searched for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase liquid xenon detector. It used an active mass of 110 kg of 80.6%-enriched liquid xenon in an ultra-low background time projection chamber with ionization and scintillation detection and readout. This paper describes the design and performance of the various support systems necessary for detector operation, including cryogenics, xenon handling, and controls. Novel features of the system were driven by the need to protect the thin-walled detector chamber containing the liquid xenon, to achieve high chemical purity of the Xe, and to maintain thermal uniformity across the detector., Manuscript updated in response to JINST reviewer comments
Published: 2021

5. Direct search for WIMP dark matter particles with the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector

Author: K. Pushkin
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Supernova, Xenon, WIMP, chemistry, Double beta decay, Weakly interacting massive particles, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract: LZ is a second-generation Dark Matter experiment to conduct searches for weakly interacting massive particles . It is expected that the detector will reach a sensitivity for spin-independent elastic WIMP-nucleon cross-section of 1 . 6 × 1 0 − 48 cm 2 at a mass of 40 GeV/c 2 in 1000 days of operation. Aside from Dark Matter particle interactions, the detector will also be sensitive to solar and supernova neutrinos as well as neutrinoless double beta decay from 136Xe. Background sources such as 222Rn and 85Kr must be significantly suppressed. This will be assured by radioactive screening of detector components and purification of xenon. The design of the LZ detector, radioactive background expectations and projected WIMP sensitivity are presented in this article.
Published: 2019

6. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: Mikkel B. Johnson, B. Landerud, A. Biekert, B. N. Edwards, K. Hanzel, T. E. Tope, D. Curran, C. Chiller, J. Palmer, R. Leonard, P. Sutcliffe, E. D. Fraser, R. Bunker, J. So, A. A. Chiller, M. R. While, A. Dobi, D. Hamilton, M. G. D. van der Grinten, W. J. Wisniewski, J. Li, A. Fan, J.S. Saba, C. Lynch, Henrique Araujo, S. Luitz, J. Nesbit, M. Horn, C. D. Kocher, Catarina Silva, F. G. O’Neill, J. C. Davis, J. J. Silk, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Simon Fayer, M. Pangilinan, K. O’Sullivan, D. Lucero, Q. Xiao, D. Hemer, B. Boxer, J. M. Lyle, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, J. Genovesi, A. Vaitkus, M. Arthurs, V. B. Francis, S. Kravitz, X. Liu, H. J. Birch, R. Linehan, S. Walcott, C. H. Faham, T. J. Anderson, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, D. White, A. Kamaha, M. S. Witherell, R. Studley, K. Sundarnath, R. Liu, H. Oh, L. Korley, H. Flaecher, R. Conley, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, S. Stephenson, C. Pereira, C. R. Hall, R. Cabrita, B. Holbrook, B. G. Lenardo, P. Majewski, T.M. Stiegler, I. B. Peterson, A. Manalaysay, A. Monte, C. Ghag, H. Kraus, C. Loniewski, J. Makkinje, X. Xiang, Robert A. Taylor, M. N. Irving, S. Uvarov, Michael Schubnell, J. Heise, R. Coughlen, A. Lambert, F. Froborg, L. Oxborough, D.C. Malling, S. Greenwood, J. Yin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. J. Krebs, W. H. Lippincott, K. J. Palladino, R. E. Smith, V. A. Kudryavtsev, I. Olcina, C. M. Ignarra, A. Harrison, A. J. Bailey, Minfang Yeh, D. Bauer, W. Skulski, J. Keefner, O. Hitchcock, Ben Carlson, E. Leason, Benjamin Krikler, A. Cottle, E. Mizrachi, Michele Cascella, M. Khaleeq, M. Solmaz, T. J. Whitis, J. J. Wang, N. Angelides, S. Gokhale, K. Skarpaas, Daniel McKinsey, S. Dardin, S. Kyre, D. Santone, P. R. Scovell, T. Vietanen, S. Powell, Y. Wang, David Leonard, E. Morrison, N. Swanson, M. Sarychev, M. A. Olevitch, E. K. Pease, M. Elnimr, P. Brás, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, J. Migneault, Yeongduk Kim, W. Turner, S. D. Worm, Seth Hillbrand, T. Fruth, G. Gregerson, Wenzhao Wei, V. Kasey, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, A. Bhatti, D. Naim, Ethan Bernard, B. J. Mount, V. N. Solovov, C. Nedlik, K. Wilson, Elena Korolkova, G. R. C. Rischbieter, P. Ford, A. Stevens, D. J. Taylor, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, S. Aviles, W. T. Emmet, K. Stifter, B. Birrittella, J. T. White, S. J. Patton, D. Molash, M. Severson, T. A. Shutt, A. Richards, D Kodroff, J. Lin, Kareem Kazkaz, T. P. Biesiadzinski, David Colling, J. Liao, J. Mock, J. A. Morad, E. Holtom, J. E. Y. Dobson, Bjoern Penning, C. E. Dahl, A. Dushkin, A. Konovalov, D. J. Markley, G. W. Shutt, N. Parveen, M. G. D. Gilchriese, Yanwen Liu, C. Carels, Martin Breidenbach, Kathrin C. Walker, V.V. Sosnovtsev, A. Naylor, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, A. Pagac, J. J. Cherwinka, N. Decheine, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, Patrick Bauer, J.P. Rodrigues, S. Branson, T. J. R. Davison, B. Lopez Paredes, D. Pagenkopf, J. S. Campbell, M. Tan, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M.J. Barry, J. Belle, D. Yu. Akimov, M. Timalsina, S. Shaw, Alexander Bolozdynya, W. Ji, Sridhara Dasu, D. Q. Huang, J. Edwards, F. L. H. Wolfs, K. E. Boast, J. Busenitz, Ren-Jie Wang, S. Fiorucci, N. Stern, C. Rhyne, V. Bugaev, A. Laundrie, G. Rutherford, G. Pereira, E. H. Miller, W. W. Craddock, S. Alsum, J.P. da Cunha, Richard J. Smith, A. Cole, W. Wang, Julie Harrison, I. Khurana, M. Utes, R. J. Gaitskell, J. Kras, D. Khaitan, R. L. Mannino, J. D. Wolfs, H. Auyeung, L. de Viveiros, E. Voirin, E. M. Boulton, N. I. Chott, I. Stancu, L. Tvrznikova, Richard Rosero, P. MarrLaundrie, D. R. Tronstad, T. Benson, Dongming Mei, T. J. Sumner, O. Jahangir, J. Va’vra, Ross G. White, L. Sabarots, A. Currie, A. R. Smith, W. L. Waldron, J. P. Coleman, E. Lopez-Asamar, Wolfgang Lorenzon, A. Piepke, Carl Gwilliam, S. Hans, T. Harrington, Laura Manenti, A. Greenall, F.-T. Liao, G. Cox, J. R. Bensinger, V. M. Gehman, H. J. Rose, Christopher Brew, X. Bai, P. Sorensen, A. Arbuckle, Y. Qie, R. C. Webb, R.M. Gerhard, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, P. Rossiter, C. Hasselkus, W. G. Jones, J. Johnson, R. Gelfand, T. G. Gonda, C. O. Vuosalo, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, Chao Zhang, A. Nilima, R. M. Preece, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, B. P. Tennyson, Yue Meng, C. Maupin, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, J.Y-K. Hor, N. Marangou, D. Temples, Eli Gibson, M. Hoff, H. S. Lee, J. H. Buckley, Z. J. Minaker, M.I. Lopes, M. Koyuncu, P. A. Terman, J.R. Verbus, Bhawna Gomber, J. A. Nikkel, A. Alquahtani, I. M. Fogarty Florang, D. Seymour, A. V. Kumpan, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, M.R. Stark, S. Pierson, M. Racine, D. R. Tiedt, D. S. Akerib, A. Khazov, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, A.V. Khromov, A. C. Kaboth, V. M. Palmaccio, Duncan Carlsmith, K. Pushkin, S. A. Hertel, S. N. Jeffery, E. Druszkiewicz, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, R. Bramante, B. N. Ratcliff, M. E. Monzani, J. O'Dell, P. Zarzhitsky, L. Wang, P. Johnson, Matthew Szydagis, W. H. To, J. E. Armstrong, U. Utku, Mani Tripathi, D. Woodward, D. Garcia, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Ian S. Young, J. McLaughlin, J. Thomson, S. R. Eriksen, R. Rucinski, T.J. Martin, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, Juhyeong Lee, S. Balashov, C. T. McConnell, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, W. T. Kim, S. Weatherly, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: BACKGROUNDS, Particle physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Gamma spectroscopy, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, 0206 Quantum Physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, IMPURITIES, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Content (measure theory), lcsh:QC770-798, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Abstract: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c$^{2}$ and a 1000 d exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented., Comment: 45 pages (79 inc. tables), 7 figures, 9 tables
Published: 2020

7. Projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment to the 0νββ decay of Xe136

Author: Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, David Leonard, X. Bai, J. Johnson, X. Liu, J. Busenitz, P. Brás, C. Rhyne, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, R. Linehan, Eli Gibson, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, R. C. Webb, A. Baxter, L. de Viveiros, A. Alqahtani, A. Monte, C. Ghag, N. Angelides, P. Sorensen, S. Gokhale, S. Shaw, Catarina Silva, J. Palmer, B. Lopez Paredes, T. J. Sumner, N. Marangou, A. Manalaysay, K. E. Boast, O. Jahangir, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, M. E. Monzani, Yue Meng, D. Naim, I. Stancu, J. Liao, J. J. Wang, K. O’Sullivan, V. Bugaev, N. I. Chott, A. Khazov, P. Zarzhitsky, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, Matthew Szydagis, J. Lin, H. N. Nelson, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Ross G. White, J.J. Silk, J. R. Bensinger, E. Leason, Benjamin Krikler, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, Laura Manenti, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. Carels, E. Mizrachi, C. Chan, Henrique Araujo, J. A. Morad, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, F.-T. Liao, A. Vaitkus, S. Kravitz, W. C. Taylor, P. Rossiter, H. J. Birch, D. Khaitan, K. Stifter, A. Kamaha, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, D. Seymour, W. Turner, U. Utku, E. D. Fraser, Mani Tripathi, K. T. Lesko, C. Nedlik, A. Biekert, J. Balajthy, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Fiorucci, A. C. Kaboth, J. McLaughlin, C. M. Ignarra, C. R. Hall, F. L. H. Wolfs, R. Cabrita, Kareem Kazkaz, G. Rutherford, D. R. Tiedt, A. Harrison, M. Horn, J. Li, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. D. Kocher, M. G. D. van der Grinten, K. J. Palladino, M. F. Marzioni, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, J. Kras, Michele Cascella, Carl W. Akerlof, H. Kraus, C. E. Dahl, T. Fruth, T. J. Anderson, A. Lindote, J. M. Lyle, Jilei Xu, B. Boxer, C. Nehrkorn, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, A. Tomás, E. K. Pease, Juhyeong Lee, Michael Schubnell, D. S. Akerib, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, S. Balashov, Ethan Bernard, P. Majewski, W. H. Lippincott, V. N. Solovov, X. Xiang, Daniel McKinsey, N. Parveen, Minfang Yeh, A. St. J. Murphy, M. Solmaz, Adam Bernstein, Robert A. Taylor, E. Morrison, D. Woodward, A. Naylor, T. J. Whitis, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Q. Huang, M.I. Lopes, N. Swanson, W. Wang, P. A. Terman, S. R. Eriksen, R. L. Mannino, Antonin Vacheret, M. Arthurs, S. Luitz, G. Pereira, Richard J. Smith, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, J. E. Armstrong, J. H. Buckley, J. Genovesi, M. Tan, E. H. Miller, A. Cottle, I. Olcina, A. Bhatti, S. A. Hertel, C. Loniewski, Elena Korolkova, A. Stevens, G. R. C. Rischbieter, F. Neves, Bjoern Penning, M. Timalsina, L. Tvrznikova, Henning Flaecher, S. Alsum, I. Khurana, J. Y.K. Hor, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, W. Ji, A. Fan, Duncan Carlsmith, D. Santone, A. Nilima, and R. Liu
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Active volume, 0103 physical sciences, Analytical chemistry, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract: Author(s): Akerib, DS; Akerlof, CW; Alqahtani, A; Alsum, SK; Anderson, TJ; Angelides, N; Araujo, HM; Armstrong, JE; Arthurs, M; Bai, X; Balajthy, J; Balashov, S; Bang, J; Baxter, A; Bensinger, J; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Bhatti, A; Biekert, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Birch, HJ; Boast, KE; Boxer, B; Bras, P; Buckley, JH; Bugaev, VV; Burdin, S; Busenitz, JK; Cabrita, R; Carels, C; Carlsmith, DL; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Cascella, M; Chan, C; Chott, NI; Cole, A; Cottle, A; Cutter, JE; Dahl, CE; De Viveiros, L; Dobson, JEY; Druszkiewicz, E; Edberg, TK; Eriksen, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Flaecher, H; Fraser, ED; Fruth, T; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gibson, E; Gilchriese, MGD; Gokhale, S; Van Der Grinten, MGD; Hall, CR; Harrison, A; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hor, JYK; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jahangir, O; Ji, W; Johnson, J; Kaboth, AC; Kamaha, AC; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Khazov, A; Khurana, I; Kocher, CD; Korley, L; Korolkova, EV; Kras, J; Kraus, H; Kravitz, S; Kreczko, L; Krikler, B; Kudryavtsev, VA; Leason, EA; Lee, J | Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will enable a neutrinoless double β decay search in parallel to the main science goal of discovering dark matter particle interactions. We report the expected LZ sensitivity to Xe136 neutrinoless double β decay, taking advantage of the significant (g600 kg) Xe136 mass contained within the active volume of LZ without isotopic enrichment. After 1000 live-days, the median exclusion sensitivity to the half-life of Xe136 is projected to be 1.06×1026 years (90% confidence level), similar to existing constraints. We also report the expected sensitivity of a possible subsequent dedicated exposure using 90% enrichment with Xe136 at 1.06×1027 years.
Published: 2020

8. Measurement of the Gamma Ray Background in the Davis Cavern at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author: A. Biekert, V. A. Kudryavtsev, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. M. Ignarra, Henrique Araujo, D. Seymour, E. Leason, B. Boxer, A. Naylor, J. McLaughlin, J. Y.K. Hor, A. Murphy, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, C. R. Hall, G. Pereira, M. Horn, C. D. Kocher, K. Pushkin, X. Bai, J. Johnson, D. Q. Huang, H. Kraus, C. Carels, X. Liu, J. M. Lyle, T. K. Edberg, A. Lindote, T. Fruth, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Q. Riffard, L. Kreczko, D. Woodward, M. F. Marzioni, T.M. Stiegler, Juhyeong Lee, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Cottle, A. Tomás, S. Balashov, W.T. Kim, F. Neves, K. E. Boast, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, Murdock Gilchriese, David Leonard, Robert A. Taylor, Catarina Silva, C. E. Dahl, M. E. Monzani, A. Angelides, D. Temples, P. Brás, M. Solmaz, A. Manalaysay, D. Khaitan, P. Majewski, E. Morrison, T. J. Whitis, Matthew Szydagis, J. Genovesi, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, Benjamin Krikler, A. Fan, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, J. E. Armstrong, A. Stevens, Ethan Bernard, Bjoern Penning, Michael Schubnell, J. H. Buckley, Ross G. White, I. Stancu, L. Tvrznikova, P.R. Scovell, Daniel McKinsey, W. Ji, K. J. Palladino, I. Olcina, J. A. Morad, H. N. Nelson, N. Marangou, J. A. Nikoleyczik, R. L. Mannino, Michele Cascella, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, C. Nedlik, C. Ghag, P. Rossiter, C. Chan, M.I. Lopes, E. K. Pease, V. Bugaev, S. Kravitz, V. N. Solovov, S. Gokhale, S. Alsum, Julie Harrison, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, J. R. Watson, C. Levy, E. H. Miller, F.-T. Liao, S. Luitz, J. Lin, J. Yin, A. Piepke, S. Hans, J. Liao, S. J. Haselschwardt, F. L. H. Wolfs, A. Nilima, S. Uvarov, G. Rutherford, D. R. Tiedt, J. Kras, R. Linehan, Laura Manenti, K. T. Lesko, D. Naim, B. J. Mount, D. S. Akerib, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Wang, J. E. Y. Dobson, L.D. Viveiros, C. Loniewski, S. Shaw, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Elena Korolkova, H. Flaecher, M. Timalsina, O. Jahangir, P. Sorensen, Yue Meng, W.H. Lippincott, A. Cole, K. Stifter, S. Fiorucci, P. A. Terman, R. Liu, Richard Rosero, R. C. Webb, Antonin Vacheret, M. Arthurs, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, A. C. Kaboth, B.L. Paredes, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, G.R.C. Rischbieter, C. Nehrkorn, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, U. Utku, Mani Tripathi, J. Li, Carl W. Akerlof, Duncan Carlsmith, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Lead shielding, Xenon, Gamma spectroscopy, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 010306 general physics, Underground, physics.ins-det, Low background, Physics, Science & Technology, Radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, chemistry, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Decay chain
Abstract: Deep underground environments are ideal for low background searches due to the attenuation of cosmic rays by passage through the earth. However, they are affected by backgrounds from $\gamma$-rays emitted by $^{40}$K and the $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th decay chains in the surrounding rock. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a liquid xenon TPC located within the Davis campus at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota, at the 4,850-foot level. In order to characterise the cavern background, in-situ $\gamma$-ray measurements were taken with a sodium iodide detector in various locations and with lead shielding. The integral count rates (0--3300~keV) varied from 596~Hz to 1355~Hz for unshielded measurements, corresponding to a total flux in the cavern of $1.9\pm0.4$~$\gamma~$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The resulting activity in the walls of the cavern can be characterised as $220\pm60$~Bq/kg of $^{40}$K, $29\pm15$~Bq/kg of $^{238}$U, and $13\pm3$~Bq/kg of $^{232}$Th., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2020

9. Simulations of Events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment

Author: T. Fruth, D. Seymour, J. Lin, W. Ji, J. McLaughlin, J. Palmer, L. Tvrznikova, M. Tan, P. R. Scovell, J. Genovesi, Ethan Bernard, E. H. Miller, F. L. H. Wolfs, G. Rutherford, V. Bugaev, J. Kras, D. Woodward, B. Lopez Paredes, M. Solmaz, E. Morrison, A. Biekert, I. Stancu, A. Lindote, K. E. Boast, A. Fan, Kareem Kazkaz, Juhyeong Lee, I. Olcina, A. Bhatti, A. Alqahtani, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Balashov, D. Santone, C. Carels, A. Piepke, Ross G. White, A. Cottle, M. E. Monzani, F.-T. Liao, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. Loniewski, J. Y.K. Hor, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, M. G. D. van der Grinten, N. I. Chott, P. Zarzhitsky, Matthew Szydagis, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, K. J. Palladino, P. Rossiter, Elena Korolkova, Laura Manenti, G. R. C. Rischbieter, A. Baxter, D. R. Tiedt, C. E. Dahl, B. Boxer, T. K. Edberg, S. A. Hertel, Q. Riffard, U. Utku, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, G. Pereira, Richard J. Smith, Michele Cascella, David Leonard, E. Druszkiewicz, D. S. Akerib, Mani Tripathi, A. Nilima, Simon Fayer, M. Timalsina, E. K. Pease, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, N. Angelides, P. Majewski, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, T. J. Anderson, N. Marangou, J. Busenitz, W. H. Lippincott, Michael Schubnell, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, C. Rhyne, J. E. Armstrong, V. N. Solovov, A. Manalaysay, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, A. Naylor, D. Naim, S. Shaw, J. Li, S. Luitz, S. Gokhale, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, J. H. Buckley, L. Korley, N. Parveen, K. Kamdin, R. Linehan, Minfang Yeh, W. C. Taylor, D. Q. Huang, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, Catarina Silva, Carl W. Akerlof, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, H. J. Birch, J. Balajthy, M.I. Lopes, O. Jahangir, A. Monte, Daniel McKinsey, A. C. Kaboth, J. E. Y. Dobson, X. Xiang, A. Richards, C. Ghag, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. Chan, A. Vaitkus, S. Kravitz, D. Khaitan, J. J. Wang, C. M. Ignarra, P. A. Terman, D. Bauer, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, A. Harrison, R. L. Mannino, Antonin Vacheret, S. J. Haselschwardt, M. Arthurs, F. Neves, W. Wang, E. D. Fraser, P. Sorensen, E. Leason, T. J. Sumner, P. Brás, Henning Flaecher, Benjamin Krikler, K. T. Lesko, Yue Meng, T. J. Whitis, X. Bai, E. Mizrachi, J. Johnson, S. R. Eriksen, Duncan Carlsmith, Wolfgang Lorenzon, X. Liu, N. Swanson, J. R. Bensinger, Eli Gibson, A. Kamaha, H. N. Nelson, W. Turner, C. Nedlik, Henrique Araujo, C. R. Hall, R. Cabrita, H. Kraus, R. Liu, Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, K. Stifter, S. Fiorucci, J. Liao, J. A. Morad, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, M. Horn, C. D. Kocher, J. M. Lyle, Robert A. Taylor, S. Alsum, I. Khurana, A. Stevens, and Bjoern Penning
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Projection (set theory), physics.ins-det, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Event (particle physics), Background radiation
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1--2)$\times10^{-12}$\,pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/$c^2$. This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data., Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures; Corresponding Authors: A. Cottle, V. Kudryavtsev, D. Woodward
Published: 2020
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10. Study of radon reduction in gases for rare event search experiments

Author: Y. Wang, Minjie Lei, R.S. Raymond, A. Sander, T. Edberg, K. Pushkin, D. Anbajagane, C. R. Hall, J. E. Armstrong, J. Schaefer, Wolfgang Lorenzon, M. Arthurs, Carl W. Akerlof, D. Seymour, M. Reh, D. Saini, N. Swanson, and Jacob Bringewatt
Subjects: Physics, Arrhenius equation, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Argon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, symbols.namesake, Adsorption, Xenon, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics, Saturation (chemistry), Instrumentation, Background radiation
Abstract: The noble elements, argon and xenon, are frequently employed as the target and event detector for weakly interacting particles such as neutrinos and Dark Matter. For such rare processes, background radiation must be carefully minimized. Radon provides one of the most significant contaminants since it is an inevitable product of trace amounts of natural uranium. To design a purification system for reducing such contamination, the adsorption characteristics of radon in nitrogen, argon, and xenon carrier gases on various types of charcoals with different adsorbing properties and intrinsic radioactive purities have been studied in the temperature range of 190-295 K at flow rates of 0.5 and 2 standard liters per minute. Essential performance parameters for the various charcoals include the average breakthrough times ($\tau$), dynamic adsorption coefficients (k$_a$) and the number of theoretical stages (n). It is shown that the k$_a$-values for radon in nitrogen, argon, and xenon increase as the temperature of the charcoal traps decreases, and that they are significantly larger in nitrogen and argon than in xenon gas due to adsorption saturation effects. It is found that, unlike in xenon, the dynamic adsorption coefficients for radon in nitrogen and argon strictly obey the Arrhenius law. The experimental results strongly indicate that nitric acid etched Saratech is the best candidate among all used charcoal brands. It allows reducing total radon concentration in the LZ liquid Xe detector to meet the ultimate goal in the search for Dark Matter., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2018

11. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: P. Sorensen, J. C. Davis, J. J. Silk, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, E. Holtom, T. J. Anderson, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, V.V. Sosnovtsev, J. J. Cherwinka, V. B. Francis, A. Naylor, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, P. Beltrame, X. Xiang, A. Manalaysay, P. R. Scovell, D. Q. Huang, Ethan Bernard, B. P. Tennyson, Yue Meng, I. B. Peterson, A. Cottle, A. Biekert, A. Kamaha, M. S. Witherell, R. Studley, M. E. Monzani, J. S. Campbell, Alexander Bolozdynya, C. Chiller, M. G. D. van der Grinten, Matthew Szydagis, C. O. Vuosalo, M. Tan, E. H. Miller, V. Bugaev, B. Boxer, R. Coughlen, J. Liao, I. Stancu, L. de Viveiros, P. MarrLaundrie, A. Lambert, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Michael Schubnell, A. Piepke, S. Greenwood, J. P. Coleman, A. Geffre, D. Bauer, G. W. Shutt, W. H. Lippincott, Y. Qie, Dongming Mei, L. Sabarots, S. Hans, Bhawna Gomber, W. Skulski, J. A. Nikkel, S. A. Hertel, A. Arbuckle, F.-T. Liao, S. R. Eriksen, Daniel McKinsey, E. Druszkiewicz, Jilei Xu, P. Sutcliffe, H. J. Rose, C. Nehrkorn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, B. Landerud, Martin Breidenbach, D. Molash, Candace Lynch, W. G. Jones, M. A. Olevitch, Ian S. Young, M. Sarychev, B. N. Edwards, A. Pagac, L. Tvrznikova, P. Ford, S. Luitz, T. J. R. Davison, D. Pagenkopf, P. Majewski, G. Gregerson, Chao Zhang, Mary Severson, A. Currie, Ross G. White, Carl Gwilliam, S. J. Patton, A. J. Bailey, David Colling, Minfang Yeh, K. Wilson, P. Rossiter, S. Alsum, G. Pereira, V. M. Gehman, A. Dushkin, I. Khurana, Richard J. Smith, Benjamin Krikler, N. Marangou, John Heise, C. Loniewski, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, D. Yu. Akimov, E. Mizrachi, C. Levy, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, X. Bai, J. Johnson, J. O'Dell, W. T. Kim, S. Weatherly, L. Wang, P. Johnson, Elena Korolkova, S. Pierson, W. T. Emmet, K. Stifter, B. Birrittella, T. Tope, A. Richards, Yufeng Wang, Ren-Jie Wang, J. Genovesi, C. Maupin, Kathrin C. Walker, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Eli Gibson, Yeongduk Kim, W. Turner, S. D. Worm, E. M. Boulton, G. Rutherford, S. Kyre, J. Mock, Seth Hillbrand, D. White, Q. Xiao, Sridhara Dasu, R. Leonard, J. Y.K. Hor, B. Holbrook, C. Nedlik, S. Fiorucci, J. Keefner, J. Kras, J. Yin, F. Froborg, F. Neves, D. Khaitan, S. J. Haselschwardt, L. Oxborough, D.S. Hamilton, O. Hitchcock, J.P. da Cunha, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, I. Olcina, David Leonard, A. Bhatti, U. Utku, W. J. Wisniewski, S. Powell, M. Pangilinan, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Barthel, D. Naim, D. Hemer, M. Timalsina, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, S. Shaw, J. A. Morad, N. Swanson, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Nesbit, W.L. Waldron, J. E. Y. Dobson, J. Busenitz, C. R. Hall, N. Stern, C. Rhyne, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, O. Jahangir, B. G. Lenardo, D. Temples, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, A. Vaitkus, D. Garcia, S. Kravitz, T. G. Gonda, M. Elnimr, K. Pushkin, M. Horn, Kareem Kazkaz, H. Kraus, J. Li, C. H. Faham, T.M. Stiegler, A. Monte, C. D. Kocher, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. Ghag, J. E. Armstrong, H. S. Lee, W. R. Edwards, K. J. Palladino, T. Benson, J. H. Buckley, Z. J. Minaker, Carl W. Akerlof, R. Bunker, M. Solmaz, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, J. M. Lyle, C. E. Dahl, E. Morrison, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, H.J. Krebs, J. So, S. Branson, Peter Bauer, H. Auyeung, D. Seymour, Michele Cascella, A. A. Chiller, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, R. Liu, M. Khaleeq, N. Decheine, M. N. Irving, Yunpeng Liu, S. Uvarov, J. McLaughlin, A. R. Smith, S. Dardin, J. Thomson, K. Sundarnath, Robert A. Taylor, Ben Carlson, T. Harrington, C. T. McConnell, E. K. Pease, A. Greenall, T. J. Whitis, M. F. Marzioni, C. Silva, V. Kasey, D. Rynders, R. C. Webb, J. Palmer, P. Brás, V. N. Solovov, T.J. Martin, R. Conley, P. A. Terman, A. Tomás, B. Lopez Paredes, K. E. Boast, J. T. White, D. Markley, A. Konovalov, A. Lindote, A. Alquahtani, L. Reichhart, D.C. Malling, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, E. Leason, Juhyeong Lee, D. Curran, Henning Flaecher, S. Balashov, A.V. Khromov, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Migneault, A. V. Kumpan, Simon Fayer, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, R. Linehan, M. Arthurs, S. Stephenson, V. M. Palmaccio, N. I. Chott, M.R. Stark, Duncan Carlsmith, Wenzhao Wei, M. Utes, Laura Manenti, A. Stevens, D. J. Taylor, R. E. Smith, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Walcott, C. M. Ignarra, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, M. Racine, A. Fan, Bjoern Penning, J. Va’vra, A. Harrison, H. Oh, J. Makkinje, W. Ji, R. Rucinski, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, D. Santone, E. Voirin, R.M. Gerhard, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, X. Liu, R. Gelfand, T. Vietanen, A. Nilima, R. M. Preece, A. Laundrie, Mikkel B. Johnson, K. Hanzel, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, M.J. Barry, K. O’Sullivan, D. Lucero, A. C. Kaboth, R. L. Mannino, J. D. Wolfs, J. Lin, C. Pereira, N. Angelides, S. Gokhale, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, I. M. Fogarty Florang, J. Edwards, S. N. Jeffery, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, R. Bramante, T. Fruth, T. J. Sumner, W. H. To, Wolfgang Lorenzon, J. R. Bensinger, J. J. Wang, D. Woodward, C. Hasselkus, K. Skarpaas, D. R. Tiedt, D. S. Akerib, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 0299 Other Physical Sciences, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, LEAD, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Low energy, Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Science & Technology, Underground, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Physics, Dark matter detector, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Neutron capture, Physics, Nuclear, chemistry, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Liquid xenon, EMISSION, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2019

12. Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay in Ge76 with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: S. I. Alvis, D. J. Tedeschi, I. Zhitnikov, J. C. Loach, M. Boswell, J. I. Collar, B. R. Jasinski, J. Myslik, C. O'Shaughnessy, L. E. Leviner, Henning O. Back, J. MacMullin, Kai Vetter, W. Xu, V. Yumatov, I. S. Guinn, D. M. Mei, R. A. Johnson, Ronald L. Brodzinski, M. F. Kidd, Yuen-Dat Chan, T. S. Caldwell, A. W. Bradley, A. S. Caldwell, S. I. Konovalov, E. Aguayo, S. R. Elliott, M. Busch, M. Shirchenko, John L. Orrell, P. H. Chu, G. Othman, Reynold J. Cooper, Ralph Massarczyk, A. Galindo-Uribarri, Craig E. Aalseth, M. C. Ronquest, J. Goett, C. J. Barton, K. T. Lesko, S. Zimmermann, T. Gilliss, J. E. Trimble, D. Steele, C. Wiseman, B. K. Fujikawa, K. Vorren, S. Vasilyev, H. Yaver, J. Gruszko, I. J. Arnquist, N. W. Ruof, Keith Rielage, N. Snyder, P. Finnerty, Alexis G. Schubert, C. D. Christofferson, Harry S. Miley, Paul N. Luke, M. Buuck, M. A. Howe, A. L. Hallin, N. Abgrall, Yu. Efremenko, Alan Poon, J. Rager, Anne-Marie Suriano, Paul Barton, A. B. McDonald, J. A. Detwiler, Jonathan D. Leon, James E. Fast, A. S. Barabash, J. H. Merriman, C. Cuesta, R. Henning, C. R. Haufe, A. Knecht, Erin S. Fuller, F. E. Bertrand, F. T. Avignone, R. L. Varner, Michael G. Marino, D. C. Radford, K. J. Snavely, C.-H. Yu, A. M. Lopez, J.H. Reeves, K. Pushkin, T. Bode, E. Yakushev, P. J. Doe, Walter C. Pettus, Todd W. Hossbach, B. X. Zhu, A. L. Reine, K. J. Keeter, V.B. Brudanin, P. S. Barbeau, Nicole R. Overman, A. R. Young, D. G. Phillips, Brian D. LaFerriere, V. E. Guiseppe, J. A. Dunmore, G. K. Giovanetti, M. L. Miller, R. D. Martin, Eric W. Hoppe, Richard T. Kouzes, Susanne Mertens, R. G. H. Robertson, B. Shanks, Jeremy D. Kephart, Werner Tornow, D. C. Combs, Z. Fu, S.J. J Meijer, B. Bos, F. M. Fraenkle, G. Perumpilly, V. M. Gehman, J. F. Wilkerson, B. R. White, L. Hehn, M. P. Green, S. MacMullin, H. Ejiri, and Mark Amman
Subjects: Physics, Semileptonic decay, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, Full width at half maximum, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The Majorana Collaboration is operating an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-β decay in ^{76}Ge. The Majorana Demonstrator comprises 44.1 kg of Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) split between two modules contained in a low background shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Here we present results from data taken during construction, commissioning, and the start of full operations. We achieve unprecedented energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM at Q_{ββ} and a very low background with no observed candidate events in 9.95 kg yr of enriched Ge exposure, resulting in a lower limit on the half-life of 1.9×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.). This result constrains the effective Majorana neutrino mass to below 240-520 meV, depending on the matrix elements used. In our experimental configuration with the lowest background, the background is 4.0_{-2.5}^{+3.1} counts/(FWHM t yr).
Published: 2018

13. Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay in ^{76}Ge with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: C E, Aalseth, N, Abgrall, E, Aguayo, S I, Alvis, M, Amman, I J, Arnquist, F T, Avignone, H O, Back, A S, Barabash, P S, Barbeau, C J, Barton, P J, Barton, F E, Bertrand, T, Bode, B, Bos, M, Boswell, A W, Bradley, R L, Brodzinski, V, Brudanin, M, Busch, M, Buuck, A S, Caldwell, T S, Caldwell, Y-D, Chan, C D, Christofferson, P-H, Chu, J I, Collar, D C, Combs, R J, Cooper, C, Cuesta, J A, Detwiler, P J, Doe, J A, Dunmore, Yu, Efremenko, H, Ejiri, S R, Elliott, J E, Fast, P, Finnerty, F M, Fraenkle, Z, Fu, B K, Fujikawa, E, Fuller, A, Galindo-Uribarri, V M, Gehman, T, Gilliss, G K, Giovanetti, J, Goett, M P, Green, J, Gruszko, I S, Guinn, V E, Guiseppe, A L, Hallin, C R, Haufe, L, Hehn, R, Henning, E W, Hoppe, T W, Hossbach, M A, Howe, B R, Jasinski, R A, Johnson, K J, Keeter, J D, Kephart, M F, Kidd, A, Knecht, S I, Konovalov, R T, Kouzes, B D, LaFerriere, J, Leon, K T, Lesko, L E, Leviner, J C, Loach, A M, Lopez, P N, Luke, J, MacMullin, S, MacMullin, M G, Marino, R D, Martin, R, Massarczyk, A B, McDonald, D-M, Mei, S J, Meijer, J H, Merriman, S, Mertens, H S, Miley, M L, Miller, J, Myslik, J L, Orrell, C, O'Shaughnessy, G, Othman, N R, Overman, G, Perumpilly, W, Pettus, D G, Phillips, A W P, Poon, K, Pushkin, D C, Radford, J, Rager, J H, Reeves, A L, Reine, K, Rielage, R G H, Robertson, M C, Ronquest, N W, Ruof, A G, Schubert, B, Shanks, M, Shirchenko, K J, Snavely, N, Snyder, D, Steele, A M, Suriano, D, Tedeschi, W, Tornow, J E, Trimble, R L, Varner, S, Vasilyev, K, Vetter, K, Vorren, B R, White, J F, Wilkerson, C, Wiseman, W, Xu, E, Yakushev, H, Yaver, A R, Young, C-H, Yu, V, Yumatov, I, Zhitnikov, B X, Zhu, and S, Zimmermann
Abstract: The Majorana Collaboration is operating an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-β decay in ^{76}Ge. The Majorana Demonstrator comprises 44.1 kg of Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) split between two modules contained in a low background shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Here we present results from data taken during construction, commissioning, and the start of full operations. We achieve unprecedented energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM at Q_{ββ} and a very low background with no observed candidate events in 9.95 kg yr of enriched Ge exposure, resulting in a lower limit on the half-life of 1.9×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.). This result constrains the effective Majorana neutrino mass to below 240-520 meV, depending on the matrix elements used. In our experimental configuration with the lowest background, the background is 4.0_{-2.5}^{+3.1} counts/(FWHM t yr).
Published: 2018

14. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment

Author: M. Sarychev, T. K. Edberg, B. Boxer, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, K. J. Palladino, J. H. Buckley, S. Kyre, Simon Fayer, K. Stifter, J.S. Saba, S. Powell, Henrique Araujo, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, J.R. Verbus, U. Utku, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, F. Neves, V. A. Kudryavtsev, W. Skulski, S. Luitz, J. Yin, S. J. Haselschwardt, R. Linehan, C. M. Ignarra, D. J. Taylor, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, J. Lin, S. Fiorucci, Vv. Bugaev, V. N. Solovov, C. D. Kocher, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, Bjoern Penning, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Li, E. H. Miller, P. Rossiter, X. Liu, T. Tope, A. Cottle, W. R. Edwards, R. Taylor, C. Ghag, W.L. Waldron, A. J. Bailey, Carl W. Akerlof, Minfang Yeh, Hoff, J. M. Lyle, Elena Korolkova, C. R. Hall, F.-T. Liao, W. H. Lippincott, Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, A. Piepke, S. Hans, R. L. Mannino, P. Sorensen, A. Manalaysay, T. Benson, S. A. Hertel, E. Voirin, D. Khaitan, Mgd van der Grinten, A. Richards, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, Ethan Bernard, E. Druszkiewicz, H. Kraus, D. Q. Huang, P. Beltrame, W. J. Wisniewski, M. Timalsina, S. Shaw, Yue Meng, J. Y.K. Hor, L. Tvrznikova, A. Murphy, B. G. Lenardo, J. E. Cutter, K.J. Thomas, K. E. Boast, B. N. Ratcliff, T.M. Stiegler, A. Currie, T. J. Whitis, R. M. Preece, J. Va’vra, D. A. Bauer, M. Solmaz, E. Morrison, W. Ji, A. Fan, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. Genovesi, Ian S. Young, Ben Carlson, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, C. E. Dahl, X. Bai, P. Brás, Michael Schubnell, C. Maupin, J. Mock, I. Stancu, Daniel McKinsey, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, A. Lindote, David Leonard, S. Alsum, P. A. Terman, M. E. Monzani, Juhyeong Lee, Matthew Szydagis, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Duncan Carlsmith, S. Balashov, K. T. Lesko, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, C. Rhyne, H.J. Krebs, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, L.D. Viveiros, M. Arthurs, M.R. Stark, A. Tomás, R. C. Webb, D. White, K. O'Sullivan, J. Keefner, J. Liao, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, Peter Majewski, J. J. Cherwinka, D. S. Akerib, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, Wolfgang Lorenzon, W. C. Taylor, K. Hanzel, K. Skarpaas, J. Balajthy, Benjamin Krikler, T. Fruth, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, Yeongduk Kim, W. H. To, S. D. Worm, Seth Hillbrand, Asher Kaboth, D. Woodward, P.R. Scovell, B.L. Paredes, R. W. Schnee, M.I. Lopes, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: BACKGROUNDS, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, GASES, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, Galactic halo, Nuclear physics, XENON, LIMITS, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Recoil, WIMP, RADIOACTIVITY, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, LOADED LIQUID SCINTILLATOR, Physical Sciences, SIMULATION, astro-ph.CO, RECOIL, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, EMISSION, Sensitivity (electronics), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a next generation dark matter direct detection experiment that will operate 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. Using a two-phase xenon detector with an active mass of 7~tonnes, LZ will search primarily for low-energy interactions with Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which are hypothesized to make up the dark matter in our galactic halo. In this paper, the projected WIMP sensitivity of LZ is presented based on the latest background estimates and simulations of the detector. For a 1000~live day run using a 5.6~tonne fiducial mass, LZ is projected to exclude at 90\% confidence level spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$~cm$^{2}$ for a 40~$\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$ mass WIMP. Additionally, a $5\sigma$ discovery potential is projected reaching cross sections below the exclusion limits of recent experiments. For spin-dependent WIMP-neutron(-proton) scattering, a sensitivity of $2.3 \times 10^{-43}$~cm$^{2}$ ($7.1 \times 10^{-42}$~cm$^{2}$) for a 40~$\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$ mass WIMP is expected. With underground installation well underway, LZ is on track for commissioning at SURF in 2020., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Background Model for the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: S. R. Elliott, N. Snyder, M. F. Kidd, Yuen-Dat Chan, A. Hegai, M. A. Howe, A. W. P. Poon, Nicole R. Overman, A. S. Caldwell, C.-H. Yu, Yuri Efremenko, V. V. Timkin, M. P. Green, J. Gruszko, J. F. Wilkerson, S. J. Meijer, C.M. O'Shaughnessy, Jeffrey K. Thompson, J. Goett, B. Shanks, P. Finnerty, V. E. Guiseppe, K. Pushkin, B. R. White, H. Ejiri, Masaharu Nomachi, A. Galindo-Uribarri, Keith Rielage, Richard T. Kouzes, S. Vasilyev, J. Rager, Matthew Busch, O.I. Kochetov, Jonathan D. Leon, A. L. Hallin, N. Abgrall, D. Byram, J. E. Trimble, D. C. Combs, K. N. Gusev, W. Xu, D. C. Radford, Tatsushi Shima, R. D. Martin, V. Egorov, C. Wiseman, R. G. H. Robertson, Alexis G. Schubert, Eric W. Hoppe, L. E. Leviner, F. M. Fraenkle, Kai Vetter, G. K. Giovanetti, K. Vorren, J. MacMullin, Ryuta Hazama, J. C. Loach, C. D. Christofferson, Werner Tornow, E. Aguayo, Vladimir Yumatov, Stanley M. Howard, A. R. Young, Susanne Mertens, A. S. Barabash, S. MacMullin, P. J. Doe, F. E. Bertrand, M. Boswell, K. J. Keeter, V.B. Brudanin, F. T. Avignone, R. L. Varner, M. Shirchenko, Reyco Henning, John L. Orrell, Brian D. LaFerriere, E. Romero-Romero, D. G. Phillips, James E. Fast, C. Cuesta, E. Yakushev, M. C. Ronquest, S. I. Konovalov, K. J. Snavely, Anne-Marie Suriano, and J. A. Detwiler
Subjects: Physics, majorana, business.industry, Physics and Astronomy(all), germanium detector, neutrinoless double beta decay, Semiconductor detector, Reduction (complexity), Point contact, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, Pulse shape analysis, Aerospace engineering, Neutrino, Hpge detector, business
Abstract: The Majorana Collaboration is constructing a system containing 40kg of HPGe detectors to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of a future tonne-scale experiment capable of probing the neutrino mass scale in the inverted-hierarchy region. To realize this, a major goal of the Majorana Demonstrator is to demonstrate a path forward to achieving a background rate at or below 1 cnt/(ROI-t-y) in the 4 keV region of interest around the Q-value at 2039 keV. This goal is pursued through a combination of a significant reduction of radioactive impurities in construction materials with analytical methods for background rejection, for example using powerful pulse shape analysis techniques profiting from the p-type point contact HPGe detectors technology. The effectiveness of these methods is assessed using simulations of the different background components whose purity levels are constrained from radioassay measurements.
Published: 2015

16. The Majorana Low-noise Low-background Front-end Electronics

Author: L. E. Leviner, Yuen-Dat Chan, E. Aguayo, D. C. Radford, W. Xu, Eric W. Hoppe, Masaharu Nomachi, A. Hegai, C.M. O'Shaughnessy, M. A. Howe, Matthew Busch, K. J. Snavely, J. E. Trimble, Nicole R. Overman, O.I. Kochetov, J. Rager, D. Byram, K. Pushkin, J. MacMullin, P. J. Doe, A. S. Caldwell, J. Goett, S. MacMullin, D. C. Combs, S. R. Elliott, Kai Vetter, C.-H. Yu, C. D. Christofferson, B. Shanks, Keith Rielage, V. E. Guiseppe, K. J. Keeter, C. Wiseman, J. Gruszko, V. V. Timkin, V. G. Egorov, V.B. Brudanin, M. Shirchenko, K. Vorren, Ryuta Hazama, John L. Orrell, Alexis G. Schubert, M. P. Green, F. E. Bertrand, H. Ejiri, M. Boswell, Jeffrey K. Thompson, J. F. Wilkerson, Vladimir Yumatov, R. D. Martin, Stanley M. Howard, A. R. Young, P. Finnerty, Yu. Efremenko, K. N. Gusev, E. Romero-Romero, B. R. White, R. G. H. Robertson, M. C. Ronquest, D. G. Phillips, F. T. Avignone, R. L. Varner, Brian D. LaFerriere, Werner Tornow, F. M. Fraenkle, Reyco Henning, M. F. Kidd, James E. Fast, Jonathan D. Leon, C. Cuesta, A. S. Barabash, Richard T. Kouzes, S. I. Konovalov, Alan Poon, Anne-Marie Suriano, J. A. Detwiler, E. Yakushev, N. Snyder, Susanne Mertens, A. Galindo-Uribarri, S. J. Meijer, S. Vasilyev, A. L. Hallin, N. Abgrall, Tatsushi Shima, G. K. Giovanetti, and J. C. Loach
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Substrate (electronics), Physics and Astronomy(all), Noise (electronics), Capacitance, neutrinoless double beta decay, law.invention, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, low noise, chemistry, law, Double beta decay, low background, Optoelectronics, charge sensitive amplifer, Resistor, business, resistive-feedback front-end
Abstract: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR will search for the neutrinoless double beta decay (ββ(0ν)) of the isotope 76Ge with a mixed array of enriched and natural germanium detectors. In view of the next generation of tonne-scale germanium-based ββ(0ν)-decay searches, a major goal of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is to demonstrate a path forward to achieving a background rate at or below 1 cnt/(ROI-t-y) in the 4 keV region of interest (ROI) around the 2039-keV Q-value of the 76Ge ββ(0ν)-decay. Such a requirement on the background level significantly constrains the design of the readout electronics, which is further driven by noise and energy resolution performances. We present here the low-noise low- background front-end electronics developed for the low-capacitance p-type point contact (P-PC) germanium detectors of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR. This resistive-feedback front-end, specifically designed to have low mass, is fabricated on a radioassayed fused-silica substrate where the feedback resistor consists of a sputtered thin film of high purity amorphous germanium and the feedback capacitor is based on the capacitance between gold conductive traces.
Published: 2015
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17. Testing the Ge Detectors for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author: D. C. Radford, Yu. Efremenko, R. D. Martin, E. Romero-Romero, R. G. H. Robertson, D. G. Phillips, Reyco Henning, James E. Fast, V. Egorov, Nicole R. Overman, G. K. Giovanetti, P. J. Doe, C. Cuesta, D. Byram, M. Shirchenko, Brian D. LaFerriere, John L. Orrell, J. Rager, C. Wiseman, Albert Young, B. Shanks, V. E. Guiseppe, J. MacMullin, W. Xu, Keith Rielage, Eric W. Hoppe, Alexis G. Schubert, J. Gruszko, N. Snyder, A. Hegai, V. Brudanin, S. MacMullin, Anne-Marie Suriano, Y-D. Chan, K. Pushkin, M. A. Howe, K. J. Snavely, K. N. Gusev, M. Boswell, A. W. P. Poon, Susanne Mertens, E. Yakushev, Richard T. Kouzes, K. Vorren, Kai Vetter, L. E. Leviner, F. E. Bertrand, C. D. Christofferson, M. F. Kidd, O.I. Kochetov, Stanley M. Howard, Masaharu Nomachi, M. P. Green, J. C. Loach, V. V. Timkin, J. A. Detwiler, M. Busch, Jeffrey K. Thompson, Ryuta Hazama, F. T. Avignone, Jonathan D. Leon, E. Aguayo, J. E. Trimble, S. J. Meijer, R. L. Varner, J. Goett, K. J. Keeter, Werner Tornow, M. C. Ronquest, S. I. Konovalov, Chang-Hong Yu, A. S. Caldwell, C.M. O'Shaughnessy, V. Yumatov, A. Galindo-Uribarri, S. Vasilyev, A. L. Hallin, N. Abgrall, Tatsushi Shima, A. S. Barabash, H. Ejiri, Steven Elliott, D. C. Combs, J. F. Wilkerson, P. Finnerty, B. R. White, and F. M. Fraenkle
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, majorana, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Physics and Astronomy(all), germanium detector, Capacitance, neutrinoless double beta decay, Crystal, Nuclear physics, Double beta decay, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Semiconductor detector, Characterization (materials science), MAJORANA, chemistry, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract: High purity germanium (HPGe) crystals will be used for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, where they serve as both the source and the detector for neutrinoless double beta decay. It is crucial for the experiment to understand the performance of the HPGe crystals. A variety of crystal properties are being investigated, including basic properties such as energy resolution, efficiency, uniformity, capacitance, leakage current and crystal axis orientation, as well as more sophisticated properties, e.g. pulse shapes and dead layer and transition layer distributions. In this paper, we will present our measurements that characterize the HPGe crystals. We will also discuss our simulation package for the detector characterization setup, and show that additional information can be extracted from data-simulation comparisons., Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2013 (F. Avignone & W. Haxton, editors, Physics Procedia, Elsevier)
Published: 2015

18. The development of electric alkaline electrochemical fuel cell hybrid system

Author: W Czarnetzki, S. Sevruk, Yu. Khatskevych, A. Rukhlov, W. Schneider, I. Lutsenko, and K. Pushkin
Subjects: Materials science, Chemical engineering, Hybrid system, Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, Fuel cells, Electrochemistry
Published: 2017

19. Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

Author: A.V. Khromov, P. Sorensen, D. Woodward, Duncan Carlsmith, M. Arthurs, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, Yue Meng, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Horn, W. Skulski, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, E. H. Miller, D. White, C. Carels, K. Stifter, A. Manalaysay, L. Tvrznikova, M. S. Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, P. Rossiter, Laura Manenti, J. Va’vra, A. St. J. Murphy, B. Holbrook, C. R. Hall, B. Gomber, R. Coughlen, C. Levy, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Adam Bernstein, K. Kamdin, Ethan Bernard, T. J. R. Davison, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Hans, A. Currie, P.R. Scovell, P. Beltrame, E. Mizrachi, S. Fiorucci, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Gehman, Ben Carlson, T. J. Whitis, H. Kraus, R. W. Schnee, R. Bramante, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, I. J. Arnquist, J. Mock, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, D. J. Markley, J. Thomson, J. Yin, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, K. Pushkin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. J. Krebs, C. Chiller, S. Alsum, S. Shaw, M. G. D. van der Grinten, E. K. Pease, B. Lopez Paredes, S. Luitz, P. Brás, K. E. Boast, C. Silva, Elena Korolkova, A. Khazov, Andreas Piepke, T.J. Martin, W. L. Waldron, D. Q. Huang, A. Lindote, J. Belle, R.M. Gerhard, W.W. Craddock, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, P. A. Terman, V. N. Solovov, D. Yu. Akimov, C. H. Faham, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, T.M. Stiegler, J. O'Dell, A. Cottle, B. Boxer, A. Konovalov, M. E. Monzani, W. C. Taylor, L. Reichhart, M.J. Barry, Juhyeong Lee, T. K. Edberg, C. Chan, I. Stancu, M. Timalsina, Wenzhao Wei, Michael Schubnell, D. Temples, D. J. Taylor, M. Solmaz, C. Ghag, R. M. Preece, S. Balashov, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, P. Majewski, M. Sarychev, R. Wang, J. Balajthy, K. Hanzel, H. S. Lee, Steven Worm, J. H. Buckley, A. J. Bailey, A. C. Kaboth, Matthew Szydagis, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, R. Bunker, W. H. Lippincott, Daniel McKinsey, T. Benson, A. V. Kumpan, Eric W. Hoppe, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, M.R. Stark, X. Bai, Minfang Yeh, B. N. Ratcliff, R. L. Mannino, T. Fruth, W. Ji, Seth Hillbrand, M. A. Olevitch, A. Richards, Jilei Xu, D. Khaitan, J. Lin, K. O’Sullivan, C. Nehrkorn, W. H. To, J. Reichenbacher, A. A. Chiller, J. A. Nikkel, W.T. Emmet, D. S. Akerib, R. Linehan, R. Watson, Mani Tripathi, David Leonard, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, Kareem Kazkaz, Carl Vuosalo, T. P. Biesiadzinski, R. C. Webb, C. E. Dahl, T. J. Sumner, S. Kyre, F. Neves, R. Leonard, Wolfgang Lorenzon, H. J. Rose, S. Stephenson, Chao Zhang, W. J. Wisniewski, J.Y-K. Hor, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, Dongming Mei, F.-T. Liao, T. E. Tope, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Powell, D. R. Tiedt, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, E. Holtom, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. M. Ignarra, C. T. McConnell, K. Skarpaas, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, Sergey Burdin, X. Liu, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Cryostat, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, ZEPLIN-III, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, Event (particle physics), Titanium, GERDA
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of $^{238}$U$_{e}$~$, Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2017
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20. PandaX: a liquid xenon dark matter experiment at CJPL

Author: Shiyong Wu, Xiangdong Ji, Andi Tan, Xiangxiang Ren, Yuehuan Wei, Xiaopeng Zhou, Kaixuan Ni, Meng Wang, Deqing Fang, Scott Stephenson, YuJie Shi, Huaxuan Liu, XiongHui Zen, G. Tarle, Qing Lin, Michael Schubnell, Changbo Fu, Yajun Mao, Shaoli Li, Yinghui You, Jiming Wang, Xun Chen, Xiang Xiao, Zhong-Hua Zhu, Manbing Shen, Mengjiao Xiao, Xi-Guang Cao, Yu-Gang Ma, Xingtao Huang, Hongwei Wang, Haowei Gong, Xiangyi Cui, Pengwei Xie, Karl Giboni, Haiying Zhao, Zhou Wang, Yunhua Chen, Ming He, Tao Ye, Yonglin Ju, J. F. Hu, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Li Zhao, Jianglai Liu, Tao Zhang, X. Liu, Guodong Guo, K. Pushkin, Hua Zhang, and Xuming Wang
Subjects: Physics, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Dark matter, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Ionization, PandaX
Abstract: PandaX is a large liquid-xenon detector experiment usable for direct dark-matter detection and 136Xe double-beta decay search. The central vessel was designed to accommodate a staged target volume increase from initially 120 kg (stage I) to 0.5 t (stage II) and eventually to a multi-ton scale. The experiment is located in the Jinping Deep-Underground Laboratory in Sichuan, China. The detector operates in dual-phase mode, allowing detection of both prompt scintillation, and ionization charge through proportional scintillation. In this paper a detailed description of the stage I detector design and performance as well as results established during the commissioning phase are presented.
Published: 2014

21. The Majorana Demonstrator radioassay program

Author: T. Gilliss, M. L. Miller, C. D. Christofferson, J. Goett, R. D. Martin, N. Abgrall, Ralph Massarczyk, A. Galindo-Uribarri, J. Gruszko, A. S. Caldwell, R. G. H. Robertson, Stanley M. Howard, M. P. Green, Nicole R. Overman, W. Xu, Kai Vetter, H. Ejiri, S. Meijer, C.-H. Yu, B. R. Jasinski, Anne-Marie Suriano, J. A. Detwiler, J. E. Trimble, V. E. Guiseppe, V. M. Gehman, F. T. Avignone, B. Shanks, R. L. Varner, K. Vorren, I. S. Guinn, Reyco Henning, D. C. Radford, O.I. Kochetov, K. J. Snavely, Eric W. Hoppe, R. A. Johnson, M. F. Kidd, Keith Rielage, Yuen-Dat Chan, A. W. Bradley, S. Vasilyev, D. Byram, M. Buuck, S. I. Konovalov, Henning O. Back, G. K. Giovanetti, K. Pushkin, I. Zhitnikov, Matthew Busch, M. A. Howe, J. F. Wilkerson, J. C. Loach, Pinghan Chu, D. J. Tedeschi, Richard T. Kouzes, A. S. Barabash, Jonathan D. Leon, S. MacMullin, P. Finnerty, B. R. White, C. Wiseman, K. J. Keeter, V.B. Brudanin, J. Rager, J. MacMullin, Alexis G. Schubert, V. Yumatov, C. O'Shaughnessy, S. R. Elliott, J. A. Dunmore, E. Yakushev, Susanne Mertens, M. C. Ronquest, E. Romero-Romero, Yu. Efremenko, C. Cuesta, Brian D. LaFerriere, M. Shirchenko, John L. Orrell, F. E. Bertrand, M. Boswell, D. Steele, I. J. Arnquist, N. Snyder, and A. W. P. Poon
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Radiopurity, nucl-ex, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Mass spectroscopy, Particle and Plasma Physics, Germanium counting, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutron activation analysis, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Low background, Physics, MAJORANA, Mass spectrometry, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Molecular, Trace analysis, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Semiconductor detector, Other Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Neutron activation
Abstract: The MAJORANA collaboration is constructing the MAJORANA DEMONSTATOR at the Sanford Underground Research Facility at the Homestake gold mine, in Lead, SD. The apparatus will use Ge detectors, enriched in isotope \nuc{76}{Ge}, to demonstrate the feasibility of a large-scale Ge detector experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay. The long half-life of this postulated process requires that the apparatus be extremely low in radioactive isotopes whose decays may produce backgrounds to the search. The radioassay program conducted by the collaboration to ensure that the materials comprising the apparatus are sufficiently pure is described. The resulting measurements of the radioactive-isotope contamination for a number of materials studied for use in the detector are reported., to be submitted to NIM
Published: 2016

22. Reflectance dependence of polytetrafluoroethylene on thickness for xenon scintillation light

Author: Elizabeth Batista, Yuhan Wang, K. Pushkin, Aaron Sander, Alissa Neff, Daniel Morton, Matt Okunawo, M. Arthurs, Scott Stephenson, Wolfgang Lorenzon, and Jonathan Haefner
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Carbon–fluorine bond, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics, Scintillation, Polytetrafluoroethylene, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Wavelength, Outgassing, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Reflective surfaces, business, Ultraviolet
Abstract: Many rare event searches including dark matter direct detection and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments take advantage of the high VUV reflective surfaces made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reflector materials to achieve high light collection efficiency in their detectors. As the detectors have grown in size over the past decade, there has also been an increased need for ever thinner detector walls without significant loss in reflectance to reduce dead volumes around active noble liquids, outgassing, and potential backgrounds. We report on the experimental results to measure the dependence of the reflectance on thickness of two PTFE samples at wavelengths near 178 nm. No change in reflectance was observed as the thickness of a cylindrically shaped PTFE vessel immersed in liquid xenon was varied between 1 mm and 9.5 mm., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2016
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23. Spin-dependent limits from the DRIFT-IId directional dark matter detector

Author: E. R. Lee, D. P. Snowden-Ifft, David Walker, D. Loomba, J. R. Fox, Sean Paling, C. Ghag, E. H. Miller, N. J. C. Spooner, Michael Gold, Matthew R. Robinson, A. St. J. Murphy, E. J. Daw, L. J. Harmon, J. M. Landers, J.-L. Gauvreau, K. Pushkin, and M. Pipe
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Recoil, WIMP, Torr, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Sensitivity (electronics), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Data are presented from the DRIFT-IId detector housed in the Boulby mine in northeast England. A 0.8 m^3 fiducial volume, containing partial pressures of 30 Torr CS2 and 10 Torr CF4, was exposed for a duration of 47.4 live-time days with sufficient passive shielding to provide a neutron free environment within the detector. The nuclear recoil events seen are consistent with a remaining low level background from the decay of progeny of radon daughters attached to the central cathode of the detector. However, energy depositions from such events must drift across the entire width of the detector, and thus display large diffusion upon reaching the readout planes of the device. Exploiting this feature, it is shown to be possible to reject energy depositions from these radon decay progeny events while still retaining sensitivity to nuclear recoil events. The response of the detector is then interpreted, using the F nuclei content of the gas, in terms of sensitivity to proton spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions, displaying a minimum in sensitivity cross section at 0.5 pb for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c^2., 12 pages, 6 figures and improved limit calculation
Published: 2012

24. The DRIFT Directional Dark Matter Experiments

Author: E. H. Miller, S. M. Paling, N. J. C. Spooner, M. Pipe, D. Walker, M. Gold, J.L. Harton, L. J. Harmon, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Loomba, J.-L. Gauvreau, S.W. Sadler, D. Warner, J. M. Landers, Daniel P. Snowden-Ifft, K. Pushkin, E. J. Daw, J. R. Fox, C. Ghag, E. R. Lee, A. Dorofeev, N. Phan, and Max Robinson
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, WIMP, Space and Planetary Science, Dark matter, Detector, General Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Directional Recoil Identification from Tracks
Abstract: The current status of the DRIFT (Directional Recoil Identification From Tracks) experiment at Boulby Mine is presented, including the latest limits on the WIMP spin-dependent cross-section from 1.5 kg days of running with a mixture of CS2 and CF4 . Planned upgrades to DRIFT IId are detailed, along with ongoing work towards DRIFT III, which aims to be the world’s first 10 m3 -scale directional Dark Matter detector.
Published: 2012

25. Low-mass dark matter search results from full exposure of the PandaX-I experiment

Author: Shiyong Wu, Xiangdong Ji, Andi Tan, Man-Bin Shen, K. Pushkin, Kaixuan Ni, Guodong Guo, Meng Wang, Huaxuan Liu, Karl Giboni, Changbo Fu, Xiangxiang Ren, Siao Lei, Binbin Yan, X. Liu, Haowei Gong, Jiming Wang, Zhou Wang, Zhong-Hua Zhu, Yu-Ji Shi, Xiaopeng Zhou, Hongwei Wang, Michael Schubnell, Mengjiao Xiao, Xuming Wang, Yu-Gang Ma, Ming He, Yonglin Ju, Pengwei Xie, Xiangyi Cui, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Deqing Fang, Yajun Mao, Qing Lin, Li Zhao, Jianglai Liu, Scott Stephenson, Tao Zhang, Shaoli Li, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Yinghui You, Xiang Xiao, Xionghui Zeng, and Siguang Wang
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), WIMP Argon Programme, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, WIMP, chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, PandaX, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Light dark matter
Abstract: We report the results of a weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter search using the full 80.1\;live-day exposure of the first stage of the PandaX experiment (PandaX-I) located in the China Jin-Ping Underground Laboratory. The PandaX-I detector has been optimized for detecting low-mass WIMPs, achieving a photon detection efficiency of 9.6\%. With a fiducial liquid xenon target mass of 54.0\,kg, no significant excess event were found above the expected background. A profile likelihood analysis confirms our earlier finding that the PandaX-I data disfavor all positive low-mass WIMP signals reported in the literature under standard assumptions. A stringent bound on the low mass WIMP is set at WIMP mass below 10\,GeV/c$^2$, demonstrating that liquid xenon detectors can be competitive for low-mass WIMP searches., Comment: v3 as accepted by PRD. Minor update in the text in response to referee comments. Separating Fig. 11(a) and (b) into Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. Legend tweak in Fig. 9(b) and 9(c) as suggested by referee, as well as a missing legend for CRESST-II legend in Fig. 12 (now Fig. 13). Same version as submitted to PRD
Published: 2015

26. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Conceptual Design Report

Author: V. B. Francis, A. Bernstein, A. Manalaysay, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, Eli Woods, B. N. Ratcliff, Ethan Bernard, R. W. Schnee, N.A. Larsen, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Elena Korolkova, M. Sarychev, James Nikkel, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Luitz, Peter Majewski, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, D. White, B. N. Edwards, W. H. Lippincott, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, X. Ji, M. E. Monzani, B. Holbrook, K. O'Sullivan, Laura Manenti, J. Liu, P.R. Scovell, D.C. Malling, E. M. Boulton, M. G. D. van der Grinten, W.L. Waldron, W. C. Taylor, D. S. Akerib, C. R. Hall, Mikkel B. Johnson, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Lin, Matthew Szydagis, J. Balajthy, K. J. Palladino, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. Kraus, A. Currie, C. E. Dahl, R. Bunker, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, J. Thomson, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, T. J. Sumner, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, W. H. To, I. Stancu, S. Stephenson, M. Pangilinan, T. J. Whitis, R. Bramante, K. E. Boast, T.J. Martin, L. Tvrznikova, A. Lindote, Patrick Bauer, J. O'Dell, L. Wang, D. Woodward, V. A. Kudryavtsev, H.J. Krebs, M. Elnimr, D. R. Tiedt, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, Hoff, S. Kyre, F. Neves, L. Reichhart, C. Fu, Wolfgang Lorenzon, C. Rhyne, W. J. Wisniewski, M.J. Barry, C. M. Ignarra, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. Skulski, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Balashov, Michael Schubnell, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, B. P. Tennyson, M. F. Marzioni, D. Khaitan, R. L. Mannino, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, S. D. Worm, V. M. Gehman, Y. Ju, A. J. Bailey, Daniel McKinsey, B. G. Lenardo, P. Beltrame, H. J. Rose, Minfang Yeh, Sergey Burdin, R.M. Gerhard, X. Liu, K. Skarpaas, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, A. St. J. Murphy, T.M. Stiegler, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, J. Yin, A. Tomás, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, S. Powell, M. Cascella, T. J. R. Davison, Chao Zhang, A.A. Chiller, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, R. M. Preece, N.J. Gantos, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. Uvarov, S.K. Young, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M.I. Lopes, Ben Carlson, J. Va’vra, J. E. Cutter, A.V. Khromov, C. Carels, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, R.G. Jacobsen, A. Harris, Wenzhao Wei, D. J. Taylor, D.Yu. Akimov, Dongming Mei, Duncan Carlsmith, Witherell, E. Holtom, W. Ji, C. H. Faham, S. Alsum, F.-T. Liao, D. Q. Huang, C. Ghag, C. O. Vuosalo, Bhawna Gomber, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, W. T. Emmet, Sridhara Dasu, S. Fiorucci, J.P. da Cunha, P. A. Terman, X. Bai, D. Markley, J. Mock, A. V. Kumpan, M.R. Stark, P. Sorensen, Yue Meng, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, E. H. Miller, S. Shaw, A. Piepke, K. Sundarnath, A. Konovalov, T. K. Edberg, K. Pushkin, P. Ford, J. H. Buckley, and J.R. Verbus
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Expected cost, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Technical systems, Detector, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Conceptual design, Weakly interacting massive particles, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is described as of March 2015 in this Conceptual Design Report. LZ is a second-generation dark-matter detector with the potential for unprecedented sensitivity to weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) of masses from a few GeV/c2 to hundreds of TeV/c2. With total liquid xenon mass of about 10 tonnes, LZ will be the most sensitive experiment for WIMPs in this mass region by the end of the decade. This report describes in detail the design of the LZ technical systems. Expected backgrounds are quantified and the performance of the experiment is presented. The LZ detector will be located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. The organization of the LZ Project and a summary of the expected cost and current schedule are given.
Published: 2015

27. MiX: A Position Sensitive Dual-Phase Liquid Xenon Detector

Author: Michael Schubnell, R. Raymond, Curtis Weaverdyck, G. Tarle, K. Pushkin, Kaixuan Ni, Scott Stephenson, Noah Shutty, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Qing Lin, and J. Haefner
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chamber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Detector, Gamma ray, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Particle detector, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: The need for precise characterization of dual-phase xenon detectors has grown as the technology has matured into a state of high efficacy for rare event searches. The Michigan Xenon detector was constructed to study the microphysics of particle interactions in liquid xenon across a large energy range in an effort to probe aspects of radiation detection in liquid xenon. We report the design and performance of a small 3D position sensitive dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber with high light yield ($L_y^{122}=15.2 $pe/keV at zero field), long electron lifetime ($\tau > 200 \mu$s), and excellent energy resolution ($\sigma/E = 1\%$ for 1,333 keV gamma rays in a drift field of 200 V/cm). Liquid xenon time projection chambers with such high energy resolution may find applications not only in dark matter direct detection searches, but also in neutrinoless double beta decay experiments and other applications., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, and 2 tables
Published: 2015
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28. A Dark Matter Search with MALBEK

Author: J. Gruszko, V. Egorov, M. Shirchenko, C.M. O'Shaughnessy, John L. Orrell, Albert Young, V. Yumatov, N. Snyder, R. D. Martin, J. F. Wilkerson, W. Xu, R. G. H. Robertson, P. Finnerty, J. MacMullin, Y-D. Chan, B. R. White, Anne-Marie Suriano, Nicole R. Overman, G. K. Giovanetti, Keith Rielage, A. Galindo-Uribarri, A. W. P. Poon, D. Byram, J. Rager, H. Ejiri, Steven Elliott, E. Romero-Romero, D. C. Combs, Stanley M. Howard, V. V. Timkin, D. G. Phillips, M. F. Kidd, K. J. Snavely, B. Shanks, M. C. Ronquest, V. E. Guiseppe, James E. Fast, V. Brudanin, O.I. Kochetov, C. Cuesta, S. Vasilyev, Yuri Efremenko, A. S. Caldwell, F. M. Fraenkle, S. I. Konovalov, A. L. Hallin, J. A. Detwiler, N. Abgrall, Jeffrey K. Thompson, K. N. Gusev, A. Hegai, M. A. Howe, Tatsushi Shima, D. C. Radford, M. P. Green, K. Pushkin, M. Busch, Richard T. Kouzes, F. T. Avignone, Chang-Hong Yu, Kai Vetter, C. D. Christofferson, Ryuta Hazama, F. E. Bertrand, Eric W. Hoppe, Masaharu Nomachi, J. E. Trimble, K. J. Keeter, P. J. Doe, L. E. Leviner, Jonathan D. Leon, E. Aguayo, J. Goett, Susanne Mertens, E. Yakushev, R. L. Varner, S. MacMullin, Reyco Henning, C. Wiseman, Alexis G. Schubert, M. Boswell, S. J. Meijer, K. Vorren, J. C. Loach, Brian D. LaFerriere, A. S. Barabash, and Werner Tornow
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, majorana, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Physics and Astronomy(all), germanium detector, neutrinoless double beta decay, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Semiconductor detector, MAJORANA, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, Double beta decay, Weakly interacting massive particles, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Event (particle physics)
Abstract: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is an array of natural and enriched high purity germanium detectors that will search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76-Ge and perform a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with masses below 10 GeV. As part of the MAJORANA research and development efforts, we have deployed a modified, low-background broad energy germanium detector at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility. With its sub-keV energy threshold, this detector is sensitive to potential non-Standard Model physics, including interactions with WIMPs. We discuss the backgrounds present in the WIMP region of interest and explore the impact of slow surface event contamination when searching for a WIMP signal., Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2013 (F. Avignone & W. Haxton, editors, Physics Procedia, Elsevier)
Published: 2014
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29. Status of the Majorana Demonstrator experiment

Author: W. Xu, Yu. Efremenko, O.I. Kochetov, E. Romero-Romero, Yuen-Dat Chan, Matthew Busch, Eric W. Hoppe, Werner Tornow, D. G. Phillips, K. J. Snavely, J. Goett, Kai Vetter, R. D. Martin, James E. Fast, V. B. Brudanin, Alexis G. Schubert, Ryuta Hazama, A. Galindo-Uribarri, K. Pushkin, A. Hegai, A. S. Caldwell, Jeffrey K. Thompson, R. G. H. Robertson, C.M. O'Shaughnessy, J. Esterline, J. Gruszko, M. P. Green, M. A. Howe, K. N. Gusev, H. Ejiri, L. E. Leviner, M. Shirchenko, John L. Orrell, S. Vasilyev, F. T. Avignone, Keith Rielage, Nicole R. Overman, S. MacMullin, N. Snyder, R. L. Varner, Vladimir Yumatov, Stanley M. Howard, A. R. Young, J. F. Wilkerson, V. G. Egorov, Reyco Henning, F. M. Fraenkle, A. L. Hallin, N. Abgrall, E. Aguayo, C. D. Christofferson, P. Finnerty, B. Shanks, Richard T. Kouzes, J. MacMullin, V. E. Guiseppe, S. R. Elliott, B. R. White, Susanne Mertens, Alan Poon, P. J. Doe, L. Mizouni, Anne-Marie Suriano, J. A. Detwiler, C.-H. Yu, V. V. Timkin, A. Soin, F. E. Bertrand, Tatsushi Shima, D. C. Combs, M. Boswell, Masaharu Nomachi, D. C. Radford, Jonathan D. Leon, K. J. Keeter, G. K. Giovanetti, J. C. Loach, Brian D. LaFerriere, K. Vorren, A. S. Barabash, E. Yakushev, M. C. Ronquest, S. I. Konovalov, and M. F. Kidd
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, MAJORANA, Particle physics, Double beta decay, Neutrino
Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double beta-decay experiment is currently under construction at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, USA. An overview and status of the experiment are given.
Published: 2014

30. The Majorana Demonstrator: A search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of germanium-76

Author: S. R. Elliott, N. Abgrall, E. Aguayo, F. T. Avignone III, A. S. Barabash, F. E. Bertrand, M. Boswell, V. Brudanin, M. Busch, A. S. Caldwell, Y-D. Chan, C. D. Christofferson, D. C. Combs, J. A. Detwiler, P. J. Doe, Yu. Efremenko, V. Egorov, H. Ejiri, J. Esterline, J. E. Fast, P. Finnerty, F. M. Fraenkle, A. Galindo-Uribarri, G. K. Giovanetti, J. Goett, M. P. Green, J. Gruszko, V. E. Guiseppe, K. Gusev, A. L. Hallin, R. Hazama, A. Hegai, R. Henning, E. W. Hoppe, S. Howard, M. A. Howe, K. J. Keeter, M. F. Kidd, O. Kochetov, S. I. Konovalov, R. T. Kouzes, B. D. LaFerriere, J. Leon, L. E. Leviner, J. C. Loach, S. MacMullin, R. D. Martin, S. Mertens, L. Mizouni, M. Nomachi, J. L. Orrell, C. O'Shaughnessy, N. R. Overman, D. G. Phillips II, A. W. P. Poon, K. Pushkin, D. C. Radford, K. Rielage, R. G. H. Robertson, M. C. Ronquest, A. G. Schubert, B. Shanks, T. Shima, M. Shirchenko, K. J. Snavely, N. Snyder, A. Soin, J. Strain, A. M. Suriano, V. Timkin, W. Tornow, R. L. Varner, S. Vasilyev, K. Vetter, K. Vorren, B. R. White, J. F. Wilkerson, W. Xu, E. Yakushev, A. R. Young, C.-H. Yu, and V. Yumatov
Published: 2013

31. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay inXe136with EXO-200

Author: M. Hughes, A. P. Waite, A. R. Müller, D. Tosi, R. Gornea, T. Brunner, Monica Dunford, P. C. Rowson, A. Sabourov, C. Benitez-Medina, E. Beauchamp, A. Pocar, C. Ouellet, S. Delaquis, T. Walton, W. Feldmeier, F. Leonard, A. Burenkov, K. Graham, J. Farine, V. Belov, G. Giroux, P. S. Barbeau, C. K. Hargrove, Martin Auger, K. Hall, R. DeVoe, Petr Vogel, T. N. Johnson, Y.-R. Yen, V.N. Stekhanov, Marc Weber, I. Ostrovskiy, A. Piepke, D. J. Auty, K. O'Sullivan, S. Slutsky, K. Pushkin, O. Ya. Zeldovich, U. Wichoski, J. L. Vuilleumier, M. Montero Díez, R. MacLellan, A.C. Odian, Liang Yang, R. Neilson, D. Mackay, Peter Fierlinger, D. Franco, Michael G. Marino, A. S. Johnson, A. Kuchenkov, J. Wodin, B. Cleveland, M. J. Dolinski, C. G. Davis, Martin Breidenbach, T. Daniels, C. Y. Prescott, S. Herrin, C. R. Hall, A. Dolgolenko, L. J. Kaufman, A. Karelin, R. Nelson, A. Dobi, J. J. Russell, K. S. Kumar, B. Mong, M. Danilov, Giorgio Gratta, David A. Sinclair, K. Twelker, T. Tolba, S. Cook, J. D. Wright, David Leonard, and W. M. Fairbank
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Time projection chamber, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Beta decay, Lower limit, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Several properties of neutrinos, such as their absolute mass, their possible Majorana nature or the mechanisms that lead to small neutrino masses, are still unknown. The EXO-200 experiment is trying to answer some of these questions by searching for the hypothetical neutrinoless double beta decay of the isotope 136 Xe. This thesis describes an analysis of two years of detector data, which yields a lower limit on the half-life of neutrinoless double beta decay of 136 Xe of 1.1·10 25 years.
Published: 2012

32. Observation of Two-Neutrino Double-Beta Decay inXe136with the EXO-200 Detector

Author: C. Y. Prescott, A Rivas, R. Conley, A. R. Müller, D. Tosi, D. J. Auty, D. Franco, J. Wodin, Peter Fierlinger, C. Hagemann, Michael G. Marino, A. Dobi, B. T. Cleveland, P. S. Barbeau, E. Beauchamp, A. S. Johnson, A. Kuchenkov, B. Mong, J. J. Russell, G. Giroux, K. S. Kumar, T. Walton, David Leonard, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, M. Swift, P. Morgan, M. J. Dolinski, M. Danilov, C. K. Hargrove, J. Farine, Z. Djurcic, V. Belov, K. Barry, J. Davis, V. Strickland, Giorgio Gratta, J. Cook, Marc Weber, U. Wichoski, R. DeVoe, Petr Vogel, Y.-R. Yen, L. Bartoszek, A. Coppens, E. Conti, R. MacLellan, B. Aharmim, K. Pushkin, I. Counts, S. Cook, J.-L. Vuilleumier, V.N. Stekhanov, K. Twelker, K. Wamba, Liang Yang, G. Haller, Monica Dunford, C. G. Davis, A. Sabourov, Martin Breidenbach, K. Hall, J. D. Wright, K. Donato, D. Mackay, David A. Sinclair, L. J. Kaufman, E. Rollin, F. Leonard, J. Hodgson, K. Skarpaas, O. Ya. Zeldovich, A. Burenkov, M. Auger, W. W. Craddock, A. Pocar, C. Ouellet, K. Graham, K. O'Sullivan, D. R. Freytag, Y. Martin, S. Waldman, A. Karelin, R. Nelson, J. M. Vuilleumier, M. Montero Díez, F. LePort, M. Hughes, A. P. Waite, Nicole Ackerman, S. Herrin, C. R. Hall, R. Herbst, A. Dolgolenko, S. Slutsky, Amit Kumar, M. P. Green, C. Benitez-Medina, T. Daniels, A. Piepke, A.C. Odian, R. Neilson, P. C. Rowson, and R. Gornea
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Isotopes of xenon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Radioactive decay, Lepton
Abstract: We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in ^(136)Xe with T_(1/2)=2.11±0.04(stat)±0.21(syst)×10^(21) yr. This second-order process, predicted by the standard model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for ^(136)Xe. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrinoless double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.
Published: 2011

33. A magnetically driven piston pump for ultra-clean applications

Author: A. Burenkov, Y.-R. Yen, G. Giroux, K. Donato, P. Morgan, M. Swift, F. Juget, K. Pushkin, M. P. Green, L. Bartoszek, M. Dixit, R. MacLellan, T. Daniels, S. Slutsky, A. Pocar, A. Piepke, E. Rollin, K. Graham, A. Dobi, C. Benitez-Medina, C. Green, K. S. Kumar, Guillaume Lutter, A. R. Müller, B. T. Cleveland, V.N. Stekhanov, K. Twelker, B. Aharmim, K. O'Sullivan, B. Schmoll, Liang Yang, J. Cook, J. M. Vuilleumier, D. Mackay, A. Kuchenkov, C. K. Hargrove, B. Mong, A. Odian, V. Strickland, J. Hodgson, J. Farine, D. Hallman, W. Craddock, C. Hagemann, A. Karelin, Giorgio Gratta, P. S. Barbeau, V. Belov, K. Barry, James G. Davis, S. Herrin, R. Conley, C. R. Hall, M. J. Dolinski, I. Counts, J. L. Vuilleumier, A Rivas, D. Franco, David A. Sinclair, L. J. Kaufman, Michael G. Marino, P. Fierlinger, David Leonard, Martin Breidenbach, C. Y. Prescott, W. M. Fairbank, R. Gornea, P. C. Rowson, S. Cook, R. Neilson, U. Wichoski, K. Skarpaas, M. Hughes, M. Montero Díez, F. LePort, K. Hall, M. Auger, J. Ku, R. DeVoe, and J. Wodin
Subjects: Piston pump, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chamber, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gasket, Nuclear engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Differential pressure, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Xenon, chemistry, Torr, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract: A magnetically driven piston pump for xenon gas recirculation is presented. The pump is designed to satisfy extreme purity and containment requirements, as is appropriate for the recirculation of isotopically enriched xenon through the purification system and large liquid xenon TPC of EXO-200. The pump, using sprung polymer gaskets, is capable of pumping more than 16 standard liters per minute (SLPM) of xenon gas with 750 torr differential pressure., 6 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2011

34. Observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in 136Xe with the EXO-200 detector

Author: N, Ackerman, B, Aharmim, M, Auger, D J, Auty, P S, Barbeau, K, Barry, L, Bartoszek, E, Beauchamp, V, Belov, C, Benitez-Medina, M, Breidenbach, A, Burenkov, B, Cleveland, R, Conley, E, Conti, J, Cook, S, Cook, A, Coppens, I, Counts, W, Craddock, T, Daniels, M V, Danilov, C G, Davis, J, Davis, R, deVoe, Z, Djurcic, A, Dobi, A G, Dolgolenko, M J, Dolinski, K, Donato, M, Dunford, W, Fairbank, J, Farine, P, Fierlinger, D, Franco, D, Freytag, G, Giroux, R, Gornea, K, Graham, G, Gratta, M P, Green, C, Hägemann, C, Hall, K, Hall, G, Haller, C, Hargrove, R, Herbst, S, Herrin, J, Hodgson, M, Hughes, A, Johnson, A, Karelin, L J, Kaufman, T, Koffas, A, Kuchenkov, A, Kumar, K S, Kumar, D S, Leonard, F, Leonard, F, LePort, D, Mackay, R, MacLellan, M, Marino, Y, Martin, B, Mong, M Montero, Díez, P, Morgan, A R, Müller, R, Neilson, R, Nelson, A, Odian, K, O'Sullivan, C, Ouellet, A, Piepke, A, Pocar, C Y, Prescott, K, Pushkin, A, Rivas, E, Rollin, P C, Rowson, J J, Russell, A, Sabourov, D, Sinclair, K, Skarpaas, S, Slutsky, V, Stekhanov, V, Strickland, M, Swift, D, Tosi, K, Twelker, P, Vogel, J-L, Vuilleumier, J-M, Vuilleumier, A, Waite, S, Waldman, T, Walton, K, Wamba, M, Weber, U, Wichoski, J, Wodin, J D, Wright, L, Yang, Y-R, Yen, and O Ya, Zeldovich
Abstract: We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in (136)Xe with T(1/2) = 2.11 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.21(syst) × 10(21) yr. This second-order process, predicted by the standard model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for (136)Xe. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrinoless double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.
Published: 2011

35. The case for a directional dark matter detector and the status of current experimental efforts

Author: S. E. Vahsen, T. B. Lawson, Niayesh Afshordi, Haley Louise Gomez, E. Tziaferi, A. St. J. Murphy, H. Nishimura, N. J. C. Spooner, F. Mayet, A. Takeda, J. Billard, J.A. Villar, K. Nakamura, A. Dushkin, Tracy R. Slatyer, P. Colas, Nitya Kallivayalil, B. Mccluskey, R. Vanderspek, Tatsuhiro Naka, T. Fusayasu, Arturo Rodriguez Rodriguez, C. Hagemann, Shigeto Kabuki, C. Ida, H. Wellenstein, G. Sciolla, T. Lamy, R. K. Yamamoto, J. Kadyk, H. Tomita, D. P. Snowden-Ifft, Sean Paling, M. E. Gomez, S. Cebrián, Robyn E. Sanderson, H. Kubo, G.G. Nicklin, S. Burgos, Jocelyn Monroe, E. H. Miller, M. Takahashi, J. Galán, T. Lin, D. Santos, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Kaori Hattori, T. Nakano, Toru Tanimori, Shunsuke Kurosawa, S. P. Ahlen, G. Luzón, Michael Gold, K. Ueno, Satoru Iwaki, A. C. Kaboth, K. Tsuchiya, Anne M. Green, William Fedus, T. Gamble, M. Pipe, I. Wolfe, E. R. Lee, Shawn Wesley Henderson, D. Dujmic, Matthew R. Robinson, Paolo Gondolo, Efrain J. Ferrer, H. Yegoryan, V. A. Kudryavtsev, Richard C. Lanza, I. G. Irastorza, Jose Rodríguez-Quintero, J. Forbes, Andrew Inglis, Jeremy Lopez, T. Manobu, A. Lee, O. Guillaudin, J. Turk, Ioannis Giomataris, B. Morgan, Peter H. Fisher, A. Petkov, E. J. Daw, Kojiro Taniue, T. Sahin, Nassim Bozorgnia, K. Niwa, T. Dafni, J D Vergados, C. Ghag, Joseph D. Parker, A. Takada, J. M. Carmona, M. Nakamura, D. Finkbeiner, Kentaro Miuchi, J. Martoff, T. Caldwell, D. Loomba, N. Sanghi, F.J. Iguaz, C. Grignon, D. Muna, A. Tomás, A. Sugiyama, O. Sato, Tatsuya Sawano, K. Pushkin, N. Higashi, James Battat, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Current (mathematics), Field (physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, astro-ph.CO, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Scaling, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the case for a dark matter detector with directional sensitivity. This document was developed at the 2009 CYGNUS workshop on directional dark matter detection, and contains contributions from theorists and experimental groups in the field. We describe the need for a dark matter detector with directional sensitivity; each directional dark matter experiment presents their project's status; and we close with a feasibility study for scaling up to a one ton directional detector, which would cost around $150M., 48 pages, 37 figures, whitepaper on direct dark matter detection with directional sensitivity
Published: 2009

36. Large scale xenon purification using cryogenic distillation for dark matter detectors

Author: K. Pushkin, L Bao, Yonglin Ju, Zhou Wang, M He, and X H Hao
Subjects: Physics, Air separation, Maximum flow rate, Dark matter, Krypton, Detector, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Cryogenics, Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: A high efficiency cryogenic distillation system for removal of radioactive krypton-85 (85Kr) from commercially available xenon (Xe) has been designed, developed and assessed to meet the requirements of high sensitivity, low background dark matter detection experiments. The concentration of krypton (Kr) in a commercial xenon product can be decreased from 10−9 to 10−12 mol/mol based on the theoretical design and simulation. The experimental measurements showed that the concentration of krypton was decreased to 10−11 mol/mol with 99% xenon collection efficiency at maximum flow rate of 5 kg/h. Over 500 kg of xenon has been purified using this system, which has been used as the detection medium in project Panda X, the first dark matter detector developed in China.
Published: 2014

37. The EXO-200 detector, part I: detector design and construction

Author: A. Coppens, E. Beauchamp, J. M. Vuilleumier, R. DeVoe, T. Walton, C. Ouellet, M. Hughes, J. Wodin, A. Piepke, A. Sabourov, C. Benitez-Medina, G. Giroux, K. Graham, P. C. Rowson, David Leonard, David A. Sinclair, A. Pocar, S. Herrin, W. M. Fairbank, K. O'Sullivan, C. R. Hall, D. Franco, M. Swift, D. Chauhan, Michael G. Marino, C. Hagemann, J. Hodgson, J. Farine, M. Dunford, Julie Kirk, M. Montero Díez, S. Cook, P. Fierlinger, Marc Weber, A. Karelin, K. Twelker, F. LePort, S. Slutsky, K. Skarpaas, R. Neilson, F. Leonard, D. J. Auty, B. Mong, U. Wichoski, James G. Davis, R. MacLellan, J. D. Wright, A. Odian, M. Auger, M. J. Dolinski, Giorgio Gratta, R. Gornea, B. T. Cleveland, A. Kuchenkov, Liang Yang, D. Mackay, A Rivas, V.N. Stekhanov, E. Baussan, E. Rollin, J. L. Vuilleumier, R. Conley, A. R. Müller, D. Tosi, W. Craddock, J. Cook, T. Daniels, L. J. Kaufman, Y.-R. Yen, K. Hall, K. Merkle, K. Pushkin, C. Y. Prescott, C. K. Hargrove, A. Dobi, V. Strickland, K. S. Kumar, C. G. Davis, Martin Breidenbach, P. S. Barbeau, and L. Bartoszek
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Resolution (mass spectrometry), FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Xenon, Ionization, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: EXO-200 is an experiment designed to search for double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase, liquid xenon detector. It uses an active mass of 110 kg of xenon enriched to 80.6% in the isotope 136 in an ultra-low background time projection chamber capable of simultaneous detection of ionization and scintillation. This paper describes the EXO-200 detector with particular attention to the most innovative aspects of the design that revolve around the reduction of backgrounds, the efficient use of the expensive isotopically enriched xenon, and the optimization of the energy resolution in a relatively large volume.
Published: 2012

38. Prospects for Barium Tagging in Gaseous Xenon

Author: J. L. Vuilleumier, A. Piepke, A Mommers, A. Burenkov, G Gornea, P. C. Rowson, A. R. Müller, C. K. Hargrove, G. Giroux, E. Niner, A. Pocar, Liang Yang, C. Ouellet, N Ackeran, M. Montero Díez, K. Graham, B. Mong, F. LePort, A. Dobi, M. J. Dolinski, A. Coppens, Martin Auger, K. O'Sullivan, B. Aharmin, J. Farine, V.N. Stekhanov, R. DeVoe, K. Hall, R. Neilson, D. Hallman, J. Wodin, C. Hagemann, Martin Breidenbach, A. Odian, S. Slutsky, S. Herrin, C. Benitez-Medina, Jeffrey C. Smith, Y.-R. Yen, E. Rollin, K Donato, C. Y. Prescott, D. Mackay, P. S. Barbeau, K. Pushkin, Norvik Voskanian, S. Cook, R MacLennan, M. P. Green, U. Wichoski, L K Kaufman, T. Daniels, Giorgio Gratta, David Leonard, David A. Sinclair, C. R. Hall, W. M. Fairbank, and K. Twelker
Subjects: History, Alkaline earth metal, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Barium, Particle detector, Charged particle, Computer Science Applications, Education, Ion, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, Radioactive decay, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: Tagging events with the coincident detection of a barium ion would greatly reduce the background for a neutrino-less double beta decay search in xenon. This paper describes progress towards realizing this goal. It outlines a source that can produce large quantities of Ba++ in gas, shows that this can be extracted to vacuum, and demonstrates a mechanism by which the Ba++ can be efficiently converted to Ba+ as required for laser identification.
Published: 2011

39. A simple radionuclide-driven single-ion source

Author: D. Hallman, R. Gornea, P. C. Rowson, Nicole Ackerman, B. Aharmin, C. Y. Prescott, A. Pocar, A. Karelin, K. S. Kumar, L. J. Kaufman, A. Piepke, C. Hagemann, R. DeVoe, J. Wodin, V.N. Stekhanov, G. Giroux, K. O'Sullivan, Martin Breidenbach, M. Montero Díez, Liang Yang, A. R. Müller, F. LePort, K. Donato, S. Herrin, C. R. Hall, K. Hall, D. Mackay, Y.-R. Yen, S. Slutsky, E. Rollin, M. P. Green, A. Burenkov, J. Lacey, C. Benitez-Medina, K. Pushkin, A. Odian, M. J. Dolinski, M. Auger, A. Kuchenkov, K. Graham, R. MacLellan, J. Farine, T. Daniels, K. Barry, S. Cook, R. Neilson, U. Wichoski, David Leonard, W. M. Fairbank, P. S. Barbeau, E. Niner, J.-L. Vuilleumier, B. Mong, C. K. Hargrove, Giorgio Gratta, David A. Sinclair, and K. Twelker
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Silicon, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics - Atomic Physics, Ion, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Radionuclide, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Chemical species, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Alpha decay, business, Radioactive decay
Abstract: We describe a source capable of producing single barium ions through nuclear recoils in radioactive decay. The source is fabricated by electroplating 148Gd onto a silicon {\alpha}-particle detector and vapor depositing a layer of BaF2 over it. 144Sm recoils from the alpha decay of 148Gd are used to dislodge Ba+ ions from the BaF2 layer and emit them in the surrounding environment. The simultaneous detection of an {\alpha} particle in the substrate detector allows for tagging of the nuclear decay and of the Ba+ emission. The source is simple, durable, and can be manipulated and used in different environments. We discuss the fabrication process, which can be easily adapted to emit most other chemical species, and the performance of the source.
Published: 2010

40. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR for 0νββ: Current Status and Future Plans

Author: Yuen-Dat Chan, S. J. Meijer, M. Shirchenko, John L. Orrell, O.I. Kochetov, A. Hegai, Eric W. Hoppe, R. D. Martin, M. A. Howe, A. S. Barabash, J. MacMullin, R. G. H. Robertson, N. Snyder, J. Gruszko, G. K. Giovanetti, Tatsushi Shima, J. C. Loach, Yu. Efremenko, E. Romero-Romero, Jonathan D. Leon, C.M. O'Shaughnessy, K. Pushkin, Matthew Busch, D. G. Phillips, Brian D. LaFerriere, Keith Rielage, J. F. Wilkerson, C.-H. Yu, James E. Fast, Nicole R. Overman, P. Finnerty, V. V. Timkin, Susanne Mertens, C. Cuesta, A. S. Caldwell, B. R. White, D. Byram, S. MacMullin, C. Wiseman, J. Rager, M. C. Ronquest, Jeffrey K. Thompson, Richard T. Kouzes, Alexis G. Schubert, B. Shanks, V. E. Guiseppe, D. C. Combs, D. C. Radford, W. Xu, K. J. Snavely, S. I. Konovalov, K. N. Gusev, E. Yakushev, K. Vorren, F. M. Fraenkle, C. D. Christofferson, Vladimir Yumatov, F. E. Bertrand, Stanley M. Howard, A. R. Young, S. R. Elliott, M. F. Kidd, Werner Tornow, M. Boswell, Kai Vetter, Ryuta Hazama, Masaharu Nomachi, J. E. Trimble, V. G. Egorov, Alan Poon, Anne-Marie Suriano, J. A. Detwiler, A. Galindo-Uribarri, P. J. Doe, K. J. Keeter, V.B. Brudanin, F. T. Avignone, R. L. Varner, Reyco Henning, S. Vasilyev, A. L. Hallin, N. Abgrall, L. E. Leviner, M. P. Green, E. Aguayo, H. Ejiri, and J. Goett
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, majorana, Physics and Astronomy(all), Modular design, germanium detector, neutrinoless double beta decay, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Region of interest, Double beta decay, Systems engineering, business
Abstract: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR will search for neutrinoless-double-beta decay (0νββ) in 76Ge, while establishing the feasibility of a future tonne-scale germanium-based 0νββ experiment, and performing searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The experiment, currently under construction at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, SD, will consist of a pair of modular high-purity germanium detector arrays housed inside of a compact copper, lead, and polyethylene shield. Through a combination of strict materials qualifications and assay, low-background design, and powerful background rejection techniques, the Demonstrator aims to achieve a background rate in the 0νββ region of interest (ROI) of no more than 3 counts in the 0νββ-decay ROI per tonne of target isotope per year (cnts/(ROI-t-y)). The current status of the Demonstrator is discussed, as are plans for its completion.
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41. [Use of lasers in gynecological operations]

Author: A M, Avdeev, V G, Breusenko, S K, Pushkin, and Iu G, Fedorov
Subjects: Hysterectomy, Vaginal, Humans, Female, Laser Therapy, Genital Diseases, Female
Published: 1982

42. [Experimental basis for using a helium-neon laser for treating true cervical erosion]

Author: V V, Stezhkovoi, A P, Ettinger, Iu G, Fedorov, and A K, Pushkin
Subjects: Animals, Female, Neon, Laser Therapy, Helium, Rats, Uterine Cervical Erosion
Published: 1981

43. [Use of lasers in gynecologic practice]

Author: V V, Stezhkovoĭ, A P, Ettinger, Iu G, Fedorov, and A K, Pushkin
Subjects: Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy, Ovary, Animals, Humans, Female, Laser Therapy, Rabbits, Uterine Hemorrhage, Uterine Cervical Dysplasia, Genital Diseases, Female, Uterine Cervical Erosion
Published: 1981

44. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment.

Author: Aalbers J, Akerib DS, Akerlof CW, Al Musalhi AK, Alder F, Alqahtani A, Alsum SK, Amarasinghe CS, Ames A, Anderson TJ, Angelides N, Araújo HM, Armstrong JE, Arthurs M, Azadi S, Bailey AJ, Baker A, Balajthy J, Balashov S, Bang J, Bargemann JW, Barry MJ, Barthel J, Bauer D, Baxter A, Beattie K, Belle J, Beltrame P, Bensinger J, Benson T, Bernard EP, Bhatti A, Biekert A, Biesiadzinski TP, Birch HJ, Birrittella B, Blockinger GM, Boast KE, Boxer B, Bramante R, Brew CAJ, Brás P, Buckley JH, Bugaev VV, Burdin S, Busenitz JK, Buuck M, Cabrita R, Carels C, Carlsmith DL, Carlson B, Carmona-Benitez MC, Cascella M, Chan C, Chawla A, Chen H, Cherwinka JJ, Chott NI, Cole A, Coleman J, Converse MV, Cottle A, Cox G, Craddock WW, Creaner O, Curran D, Currie A, Cutter JE, Dahl CE, David A, Davis J, Davison TJR, Delgaudio J, Dey S, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Dushkin A, Edberg TK, Edwards WR, Elnimr MM, Emmet WT, Eriksen SR, Faham CH, Fan A, Fayer S, Fearon NM, Fiorucci S, Flaecher H, Ford P, Francis VB, Fraser ED, Fruth T, Gaitskell RJ, Gantos NJ, Garcia D, Geffre A, Gehman VM, Genovesi J, Ghag C, Gibbons R, Gibson E, Gilchriese MGD, Gokhale S, Gomber B, Green J, Greenall A, Greenwood S, van der Grinten MGD, Gwilliam CB, Hall CR, Hans S, Hanzel K, Harrison A, Hartigan-O'Connor E, Haselschwardt SJ, Hernandez MA, Hertel SA, Heuermann G, Hjemfelt C, Hoff MD, Holtom E, Hor JY, Horn M, Huang DQ, Hunt D, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, James RS, Jeffery SN, Ji W, Johnson J, Kaboth AC, Kamaha AC, Kamdin K, Kasey V, Kazkaz K, Keefner J, Khaitan D, Khaleeq M, Khazov A, Khurana I, Kim YD, Kocher CD, Kodroff D, Korley L, Korolkova EV, Kras J, Kraus H, Kravitz S, Krebs HJ, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Kudryavtsev VA, Kyre S, Landerud B, Leason EA, Lee C, Lee J, Leonard DS, Leonard R, Lesko KT, Levy C, Li J, Liao FT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Linehan R, Lippincott WH, Liu R, Liu X, Liu Y, Loniewski C, Lopes MI, Lopez Asamar E, López Paredes B, Lorenzon W, Lucero D, Luitz S, Lyle JM, Majewski PA, Makkinje J, Malling DC, Manalaysay A, Manenti L, Mannino RL, Marangou N, Marzioni MF, Maupin C, McCarthy ME, McConnell CT, McKinsey DN, McLaughlin J, Meng Y, Migneault J, Miller EH, Mizrachi E, Mock JA, Monte A, Monzani ME, Morad JA, Morales Mendoza JD, Morrison E, Mount BJ, Murdy M, Murphy ASJ, Naim D, Naylor A, Nedlik C, Nehrkorn C, Neves F, Nguyen A, Nikoleyczik JA, Nilima A, O'Dell J, O'Neill FG, O'Sullivan K, Olcina I, Olevitch MA, Oliver-Mallory KC, Orpwood J, Pagenkopf D, Pal S, Palladino KJ, Palmer J, Pangilinan M, Parveen N, Patton SJ, Pease EK, Penning B, Pereira C, Pereira G, Perry E, Pershing T, Peterson IB, Piepke A, Podczerwinski J, Porzio D, Powell S, Preece RM, Pushkin K, Qie Y, Ratcliff BN, Reichenbacher J, Reichhart L, Rhyne CA, Richards A, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rodrigues JP, Rodriguez A, Rose HJ, Rosero R, Rossiter P, Rushton T, Rutherford G, Rynders D, Saba JS, Santone D, Sazzad ABMR, Schnee RW, Scovell PR, Seymour D, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silk JJ, Silva C, Sinev G, Skarpaas K, Skulski W, Smith R, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Soria J, Stancu I, Stark MR, Stevens A, Stiegler TM, Stifter K, Studley R, Suerfu B, Sumner TJ, Sutcliffe P, Swanson N, Szydagis M, Tan M, Taylor DJ, Taylor R, Taylor WC, Temples DJ, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Thomas KJ, Tiedt DR, Timalsina M, To WH, Tomás A, Tong Z, Tovey DR, Tranter J, Trask M, Tripathi M, Tronstad DR, Tull CE, Turner W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Va'vra J, Vacheret A, Vaitkus AC, Verbus JR, Voirin E, Waldron WL, Wang A, Wang B, Wang JJ, Wang W, Wang Y, Watson JR, Webb RC, White A, White DT, White JT, White RG, Whitis TJ, Williams M, Wisniewski WJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Wolfs JD, Woodford S, Woodward D, Worm SD, Wright CJ, Xia Q, Xiang X, Xiao Q, Xu J, Yeh M, Yin J, Young I, Zarzhitsky P, Zuckerman A, and Zweig EA
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48} cm at the 90% confidence level.
Published: 2023
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45. Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay in ^{76}Ge with the Majorana Demonstrator.

Author: Aalseth CE, Abgrall N, Aguayo E, Alvis SI, Amman M, Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Back HO, Barabash AS, Barbeau PS, Barton CJ, Barton PJ, Bertrand FE, Bode T, Bos B, Boswell M, Bradley AW, Brodzinski RL, Brudanin V, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell AS, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Collar JI, Combs DC, Cooper RJ, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Doe PJ, Dunmore JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Fast JE, Finnerty P, Fraenkle FM, Fu Z, Fujikawa BK, Fuller E, Galindo-Uribarri A, Gehman VM, Gilliss T, Giovanetti GK, Goett J, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Hallin AL, Haufe CR, Hehn L, Henning R, Hoppe EW, Hossbach TW, Howe MA, Jasinski BR, Johnson RA, Keeter KJ, Kephart JD, Kidd MF, Knecht A, Konovalov SI, Kouzes RT, LaFerriere BD, Leon J, Lesko KT, Leviner LE, Loach JC, Lopez AM, Luke PN, MacMullin J, MacMullin S, Marino MG, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, McDonald AB, Mei DM, Meijer SJ, Merriman JH, Mertens S, Miley HS, Miller ML, Myslik J, Orrell JL, O'Shaughnessy C, Othman G, Overman NR, Perumpilly G, Pettus W, Phillips DG, Poon AWP, Pushkin K, Radford DC, Rager J, Reeves JH, Reine AL, Rielage K, Robertson RGH, Ronquest MC, Ruof NW, Schubert AG, Shanks B, Shirchenko M, Snavely KJ, Snyder N, Steele D, Suriano AM, Tedeschi D, Tornow W, Trimble JE, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Vetter K, Vorren K, White BR, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yakushev E, Yaver H, Young AR, Yu CH, Yumatov V, Zhitnikov I, Zhu BX, and Zimmermann S
Abstract: The Majorana Collaboration is operating an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-β decay in ^{76}Ge. The Majorana Demonstrator comprises 44.1 kg of Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) split between two modules contained in a low background shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Here we present results from data taken during construction, commissioning, and the start of full operations. We achieve unprecedented energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM at Q_{ββ} and a very low background with no observed candidate events in 9.95 kg yr of enriched Ge exposure, resulting in a lower limit on the half-life of 1.9×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.). This result constrains the effective Majorana neutrino mass to below 240-520 meV, depending on the matrix elements used. In our experimental configuration with the lowest background, the background is 4.0_{-2.5}^{+3.1} counts/(FWHM t yr).
Published: 2018
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46. Search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 136Xe with EXO-200.

Author: Auger M, Auty DJ, Barbeau PS, Beauchamp E, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Cook S, Daniels T, Danilov M, Davis CG, Delaquis S, deVoe R, Dobi A, Dolinski MJ, Dolgolenko A, Dunford M, Fairbank W Jr, Farine J, Feldmeier W, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Hall C, Hall K, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Hughes M, Johnson A, Johnson TN, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Leonard DS, Leonard F, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Mong B, Montero Díez M, Müller AR, Neilson R, Nelson R, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, O'Sullivan K, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Sabourov A, Sinclair D, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Tolba T, Tosi D, Twelker K, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Waite A, Walton T, Weber M, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Wright JD, Yang L, Yen YR, and Zeldovich OY
Abstract: We report on a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 136Xe with EXO-200. No signal is observed for an exposure of 32.5 kg yr, with a background of ∼1.5×10(-3) kg(-1) yr(-1) keV(-1) in the ±1σ region of interest. This sets a lower limit on the half-life of the neutrinoless double-beta decay T(1/2)(0νββ)(136Xe)>1.6×10(25) yr (90% C.L.), corresponding to effective Majorana masses of less than 140-380 meV, depending on the matrix element calculation.
Published: 2012
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47. Observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in 136Xe with the EXO-200 detector.

Author: Ackerman N, Aharmim B, Auger M, Auty DJ, Barbeau PS, Barry K, Bartoszek L, Beauchamp E, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Conley R, Conti E, Cook J, Cook S, Coppens A, Counts I, Craddock W, Daniels T, Danilov MV, Davis CG, Davis J, deVoe R, Djurcic Z, Dobi A, Dolgolenko AG, Dolinski MJ, Donato K, Dunford M, Fairbank W Jr, Farine J, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Freytag D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Green MP, Hägemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Haller G, Hargrove C, Herbst R, Herrin S, Hodgson J, Hughes M, Johnson A, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Kuchenkov A, Kumar A, Kumar KS, Leonard DS, Leonard F, LePort F, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Martin Y, Mong B, Díez MM, Morgan P, Müller AR, Neilson R, Nelson R, Odian A, O'Sullivan K, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rivas A, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Sabourov A, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Strickland V, Swift M, Tosi D, Twelker K, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Vuilleumier JM, Waite A, Waldman S, Walton T, Wamba K, Weber M, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Wright JD, Yang L, Yen YR, and Zeldovich OY
Abstract: We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in (136)Xe with T(1/2) = 2.11 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.21(syst) × 10(21) yr. This second-order process, predicted by the standard model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for (136)Xe. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrinoless double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.
Published: 2011
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48. A magnetically driven piston pump for ultra-clean applications.

Author: LePort F, Neilson R, Barbeau PS, Barry K, Bartoszek L, Counts I, Davis J, deVoe R, Dolinski MJ, Gratta G, Green M, Montero Díez M, Müller AR, O'Sullivan K, Rivas A, Twelker K, Aharmim B, Auger M, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Conley R, Cook J, Cook S, Craddock W, Daniels T, Dixit M, Dobi A, Donato K, Fairbank W Jr, Farine J, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Green C, Hägemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Hallman D, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Hughes M, Hodgson J, Juget F, Kaufman LJ, Karelin A, Ku J, Kuchenkov A, Kumar K, Leonard DS, Lutter G, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Mong B, Morgan P, Odian A, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Schmoll B, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Strickland V, Swift M, Vuilleumier JL, Vuilleumier JM, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Yang L, and Yen YR
Abstract: A magnetically driven piston pump for xenon gas recirculation is presented. The pump is designed to satisfy extreme purity and containment requirements, as is appropriate for the recirculation of isotopically enriched xenon through the purification system and large liquid xenon time projection chamber of EXO-200. The pump, using sprung polymer gaskets, is capable of pumping more than 16 standard liters per minute of xenon gas with 750 Torr differential pressure.
Published: 2011
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49. A simple radionuclide-driven single-ion source.

Author: Montero Díez M, Twelker K, Fairbank W Jr, Gratta G, Barbeau PS, Barry K, DeVoe R, Dolinski MJ, Green M, LePort F, Müller AR, Neilson R, O'Sullivan K, Ackerman N, Aharmin B, Auger M, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cook S, Daniels T, Donato K, Farine J, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Hagemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Hallman D, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Kuchenkov A, Kumar K, Lacey J, Leonard DS, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Mong B, Niner E, Odian A, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Sinclair D, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Vuilleumier JL, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Yang L, and Yen YR
Abstract: We describe a source capable of producing single barium ions through nuclear recoils in radioactive decay. The source is fabricated by electroplating (148)Gd onto a silicon α-particle detector and vapor depositing a layer of BaF(2) over it. (144)Sm recoils from the alpha decay of (148)Gd are used to dislodge Ba(+) ions from the BaF(2) layer and emit them in the surrounding environment. The simultaneous detection of an α particle in the substrate detector allows for tagging of the nuclear decay and of the Ba(+) emission. The source is simple, durable, and can be manipulated and used in different environments. We discuss the fabrication process, which can be easily adapted to emit most other chemical species, and the performance of the source.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

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