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The power demand around the world is increasing rapidly. The aging distribution network architectures are used by the existing utility companies to deliver power to the consumers, which significantly affects the reliability, stability and quality of the delivered power. Different techniques such as compensation devices have been used by power system engineers and researchers to maintain the quality of power transmitted to end users. In this paper, wattage and volt-amp reactive (VAR) planning scheme has been proposed by using the combination of battery energy storage systems (BESS) and compensators to deal with the vulnerability of networks to voltage drop and system inefficiency. The cost-effective combination of BESS and shunt capacitor bank will then be analyzed to indicate the benefit of the proposed scheme.

In the present study, the microbial source for potent lactase producers was explored to supplement the lactase intolerant individuals. Dairy effluent was screened for lactase producing bacteria by conventional microbiological methods. Among the positive isolates, one isolate VUVD001 was found to be a strong producer of lactase enzyme and this strain identified by 16S rDNA analysis. The lactase producing bacterium is identified as Bacillus subtilis by biochemical and 16S rDNA analysis. The VUVD001 strain found to survive in a temperature range of 20–55 °C, pH range of 5–8 and a salt concentration up to 8%. Further, the partially purified enzyme preparation was tested by zymogram analysis for activity testing using x-gal and the enzyme activity of cell free supernatant was estimated to be 15.10 U/ml at 37 °C, 4% NaCl and pH of 7.0. Our finding reports a new isolate Bacillus subtilis VUVD001 strain which can be used as potential strain for commercial production of lactase. Keywords: Lactase, Bacillus subtilis, ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG), X-gal, 16S rDNA

The use of huge quantity of natural fine aggregate (NFA) and cement in civil construction work which have given rise to various ecological problems. The industrial waste like Blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, metakaolin, silica fume can be used as partly replacement for cement and manufactured sand obtained from crusher, was partly used as fine aggregate. In this work, MATLAB software model is developed using neural network toolbox to predict the flexural strength of concrete made by using pozzolanic materials and partly replacing natural fine aggregate (NFA) by Manufactured sand (MS). Flexural strength was experimentally calculated by casting beams specimens and results obtained from experiment were used to develop the artificial neural network (ANN) model. Total 131 results values were used to modeling formation and from that 30% data record was used for testing purpose and 70% data record was used for training purpose. 25 input materials properties were used to find the 28 days flexural strength of concrete obtained from partly replacing cement with pozzolans and partly replacing natural fine aggregate (NFA) by manufactured sand (MS). The results obtained from ANN model provides very strong accuracy to predict flexural strength of concrete obtained from partly replacing cement with pozzolans and natural fine aggregate (NFA) by manufactured sand.

Abstract The Karmanasa basin is spread over the Kaimur sandstone (Upper Vindhyan) and marginal Ganga plain with the areal extension of about 7926 km2. The quantitative approach of the basin development of the Karmanasa River basin was carried out by the morphometric parameters. The drainage network was extracted from SRTM data. The trellis pattern characterizes upstream of the drainage basin, while the dendritic pattern is noticed in middle and downstream of the basin. The drainage density (0.34–0.44) indicates that the basin has highly permeable subsoil and thick vegetative cover. Relatively larger values of form factor (SW-1, SW-2, SW-3, SW-6 and KW) signify higher flow peak for a shorter duration. High values of ruggedness number and relief ratio suggest that Karmanasa basin is prone to soil erosion. The present work shows that the Karmanasa basin is less prone to flood, vulnerable to soil erosion and a good resource of surface water. This study would help to utilize the water resources and extended for sustainable development of the Karmanasa River basin area.

Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is a compound system containing essentials like workplac-es, computerized storing and recovery systems, and material control devices such as automatons and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). In this paper, an attempt is made to study concurrently the machine and vehicle planning features in an FMS for minimization of the makespan. Planning is concerned with the distribution of partial resources to tasks over time and it is a resolution making procedure. It associates the processes, time, cost and overall purposes of the company. In this work, Nawaz-Enscore-Ham (NEH) heuristic algorithm is implemented to solve the scheduling problems in FMS. Eighty two problems and their existing solutions with different approaches are examined. The preliminary results indicate that the NEH heuristic algorithm provides better solu-tions with less computational time.

A distribution network is one of the main parts of a power system as it is connected directly to the load center and can act as a microgrid during an islanding operation. The concept of integrating both renewable and distributed energy sources at the distribution level is currently of great interest for power system engineers. Further research by power companies and engineers on applying better techniques to improve the power quality and stability of dynamic devices in a distribution network is ongoing. This paper presents a review of fundamental distribution network architectures, including radial, ring, and mesh ones, which considers their types of operation, control and management, growth model, and advantages and disadvantages. The existing networks suffer from various technical and quality issues while they are also vulnerable to the natural disaster and any type of fault in the system. To overcome the problems associated with present networks, a novel architecture of aromatic structure is proposed. Simulations carried out show that this new network can perform better than existing ones in terms of load flow, power quality, reliability, and islanding operations. It is also a perfect choice for both a distribution network and microgrid in a cyclone-prone area as it has both overhead and underground network facilities.

DNA based RAPD (Randomly Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) markers have been used extensively to study geneticrelationships in number of crop plants. In this study, 44 okra genotypes collected from different parts of India, were selected toassess genetic distinctiveness and relatedness. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to RAPD analysis using 14arbitrary 10 mer primers. The molecular analysis showed that all the fourteen primers used revealed clear distinction between thegenotypes and they generated a total of 104 RAPD bands most of which were polymorphic across accessions (74.03%). Thenumber of bands resolved per amplification was primer dependent and varied from 4 (OPV-07, OPV-08) to 11 (OPD-05) withaverage number of bands per primer was 7.41. RAPD data were used to calculate a Squared Euclidean Distance matrix, andbased on this, cluster analysis was done using minimum variance algorithm. Cluster analysis showed two major groups. Eachsub-group was characterized using morphological and genetic characteristics of the respective genotypes.

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluate the genetic variability of yield contributing characters, and the genetic diversityin forty-four genotypes of okra collected from the IIHR, Bangalore, India. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among thegenotypes for different morphological characters. High GCV and PCV were observed for plant height, inter-nodal length, first flowering node,first fruit producing node, height of first flowering node, average fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit. On the basis of D2 analysis, the 44genotypes were grouped into twelve clusters. The cluster III was the largest with eight genotypes followed by cluster I and VIII with seven,cluster II with five, cluster XII with three while, clusters IV, V, VI, IX, X and XI included only two genotype in each. The intra-cluster distancewas maximum in cluster XII (28.14), while inter-cluster distance was maximum between cluster VI and VIII (35.57) followed by I and IX(35.31), thus being a good source for attempting hybridization. Among the 44 genotypes, IIHR-238, IIHR-241 showed maximum number offruits per plant and total yield per plant (g). The characters namely days to 50% flowering (35.62%), 100 seed weight (28.44%), number of seedsper fruit (17.23%) and average fruit weight (8.14%) directly contributed towards maximum divergence and, therefore, selection of divergentparents based on these characters is recommended for getting good hybrids or segregants in okra.

Solubility and dissolution rate of three antiretroviral drugs such as lamivudine, zidovudine and stavudine was studied in four media having different pH. The samples were analyzed by using UV Visible spectrophotometer. lamivudine shows more solubility that is 276.08 mg/mL in 0.01 N HCl. Stavudine showing highest solubility that is 101.23 mg/mL in pH 4.5 acetate buffer. Zidovudine showing highest solubility that is 28.90 mg/mL in both water and 0.01 N HCl. All three drugs showing lower solubility in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. Lamivudine and stavudine showing good dissolution rate in all media and showing similar release profiles and good correlation, whereas in zidovudine it was clearly observed a slower release at initial time points and then faster release profiles. The solubility and dissolution data in various media is helpful in predicting the bioavailability and also in dissolution method development.

New simple, sensitive, rapid, reproducible and economical spectrophotometric method have been developed for the determination of amoxicillin trihydrate in pharmaceutical bulk and tablet dosage form using citro phosphate buffer pH 7.2. The system obeys Lambert-Beer's law at 231 nm in the concentration range 2.5-50 μg/m. Molar absorptivity, correlation coefficient and Sandell's sensitivity values were found to be 1.0020 x 104 mol-1 cm, -1 0.9996 and 0.03906 μg cm-2 respectively. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of the bulk drug and its tablet dosage form. The methods have been statistically evaluated and were found to be precise and accurate

The molecule of the title compound, C16H11BrO3, is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.178 (4) Å and the configuration of the keto group with respect to the olefinic double bond is typically s-cis. In the crystal structure, intermolecular Br...O interactions [3.187 (3)Å] give rise to chains parallel to the b axis. Adjacent chains are further linked along the a axis by C—H...π interactions. The crystal studied was a racemic twin with a 0.595 (13):0.405 (13) ratio.

In the title salt, C6H10N3O+·C6H2N3O7−, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene and pyridine rings is 3.1 (1)°. In the cation, the methoxy group is almost coplanar with the pyridine ring [C—O—C—N = −0.6 (2)°]. The p-nitro [C—C—N—O = −1.17 (19)°] and one o-nitro [C—C—N—O = 1.83 (19)°] group in the anion are essentially coplanar with the benzene ring. The other disordered o-nitro group containing the major occupancy [0.868 (6)] O atom is twisted −29.0 (2)° from the mean plane of the benzene ring. A bifurcated N—H...(O.O) hydrogen bond and weak C—H...O intermolecular interaction between the cation and anion produce a network of infinite O—H...O—H...O—H chains along the c axis in the [101] plane which helps to establish crystal packing. Comparison to a DFT computational calculation indicates that significant conformational changes occur in the free state.

In the cation of the title compound, C7H13N2+·C6H2N3O7−, the seven-membered 1,4-diazepine ring forms a twist chair conformation. The two o-nitro groups in the anion are twisted by 35.0 (7) and 36.0 (9)° from the benzene ring. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the cation and anion along with weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds produce chains along the b axis. C—H...O hydrogen bonds connecting the chains are also present.

In the title compound, C15H10BrClO, the molecule adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=C double bond and the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring planes is 3.98 (16)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H...O bonds are seen and weak π–π stacking [centroid–centroid separation = 3.8776 (19) Å] may further consolidate the structure. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a ratio of the twin components of 0.9093 (13):0.0907 (13). The twin operation is a twofold rotation around c*.

For the development of any formulation, techniques such as thermal and isothermal stress testing were used to assess the compatibility of drug with excepients. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR were the common methods for the study of compatibility. Isothermal stress testing (IST) is also a method for the compatibility study during proto type formulation. In the present study drug excepient compatibility study of lamivudine was conducted with different controlled release polymers. The drug and polymer mixtures were stored at 50 °C for 2 weeks. The samples were then characterized using DSC, FTIR and UV spectrophotometric methods. The results show that lamivudine was compatible with the all the polymers used in the study. The polymers used in the present study were definitely incorporated in the extended release lamivudine formulation.

The geometric parameters of the title compound, C4H6N3+·C6H2N3O7−, are in the usual ranges. While two nitro groups are almost coplanar with the aromatic picrate ring [dihedral angles 3.0 (2) and 4.4 (3)°], the third is significantly twisted out of this plane [dihedral angle 46.47 (8)°]. Anions and cations are connected via N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules crystallize in planes parallel to (1overline{2}1).

A person presented with multiple gunshot injury. Chest x-ray & CT whole body trauma protocol was done which showed multiples pellets of bullet in abdomen and one bullet in elbow according to entry wound. There was an entry wound without any bullet in left maxillofacial region however there was no exit wound. A bullet was noticed in tracheobronchial tree. There was no pneumothorax any signs of chest trauma or any pneumomediastinum. It is assumed that the bullet first hit the left cheek (maxilla) and lost its momentum. As the patient lost consciousness and had a fall leading to inhalation (aspiration) of bullet in the airway. As per ballistic experts it was basically a jacketed metallic bullet. As bullet moved in airway, the outer metallic core reached the trachea near carina and the soft metallic core slipped more distally to right main bronchus and bronchus intermedius. While inspection the outer metallic capsule was seen in trachea just above carina which was hollow and was gently removed with the help of foreign body forceps. The core was removed with dormia basket without any mucosal tear. The favorable outcome can be attributed as patient had no lung contusion or chest trauma and bullet was inhaled which was not very old. The evolution of bronchoscopy started with rigid one but the fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) has revolutionized the pulmonary interventions. The FOB can be used with minimal traumas under local anesthesia resulting in markedly reduced morbidity and mortality.

Abstract Background Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common cardiovascular malformation in adults, with a prevalence of 0.5%–2%. The prevalence of BAV in cohorts who were ascertained due to thoracic aortic aneurysms or acute aortic dissections (TAD) is as high as 20%. However, the contribution of causal BAV genes to TAD is not known. Therefore, we evaluated rare deleterious variants of GATA4, NOTCH1, SMAD6, or ROBO4 in patients with BAV who presented with TAD. Methods Our cohort consisted of 487 probands with Heritable Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms or Dissections (HTAD, 12% BAV, 29% female) and 63 probands with Early onset complications of Bicuspid Aortic Valve disease (EBAV, 63% TAD, 34% female). After whole exome sequencing, we functionally annotated GATA4, NOTCH1, SMAD6, and ROBO4 variants and compared the prevalence of rare variants in these genes to controls without HTAD. Results We identified 11 rare deleterious variants of GATA4, SMAD6, or ROBO4 in 12 (18%) EBAV cases. The burden of rare SMAD6 and GATA4 variants was significantly enriched in EBAV but not in HTAD cases, even among HTAD cases with BAV (p

In this study, non-toxic mercury nanoparticle Prakasine (PRK-NP) was synthesized as per 'Prakash theory of metal drugs' and nanoparticle's non toxicity has been demonstrated by employing in vitro MTT (dose = 320ug/ml), SBR (dose = 80ug/ml) and apoptosis assays (dose = 320ug/ml), and in vivo acute and chronic toxicity studies in mice (n=12, dose = 900 mg/kg body weight oral), rat (n=14, dose = 500 mg/kg body weight oral for 18 months), rabbit (n=14, dose = 500 mg/kg body weight oral for 18 months) and dogs (n=14, dose = 500 mg/kg body weight oral for 18 months). The MTT, SBR and apoptosis assays established no cytotoxicity, no genotoxicity and no cytolytic anticancer effects. The mice, rat, rabbit and dog studies also indicated nontoxicity. The PRK-NPs significantly reduced the breast cancer tumour in murine mammary tumour - C3H/HeJ model 35% and 43.7% in mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Also, in xenograft mammary tumour mice model the tumour regressions are 25.7% and 83% in the doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively, compared to standard positive control drugs without any adverse effects and toxicity. Thus, the current study beholds anticipation PRK-NPs may play a vital role in therapeutic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, non-toxic mercury nanoparticle was synthesized as per "Prakash theory of metal drugs" and nanoparticle's characters has been demonstrated by employing several nanotechnological tools including XPS, XRD, EDAX. The size of the Prakasine nanoparticles (PRK-NP) ranged from 90-100 nm, confirmed using TEM, SEM, DLS and along with zeta potential of -29.5mV before storage and -8.5mV after storage. The FTIR provided information regarding the nanoparticle capping and functional groups. The study was further elaborated for determining PRK-NPs toxicity, genotoxicity, in-vivo toxicity, immunological anti-tumour activity, immunogenicity potential, gene expression profiling and confirmed by MTT and apoptosis assays, cancer zebrafish model studies and WBC proliferation assay. PRK-NPs revealed no cytotoxicity where cell viability was observed 99% in L6 mouse fibroblasts and 99% in MCF-7 cell lines. Also, the cell viability was to be 89.47% at a very high concentration of 320 μg/ml in HEK 293 cells. The PRK-NPs significantly reduced the tumour in zebrafish at dose of 90 lg/g by up regulating IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2-ITK, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and down regulating IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and TGF-β compared to untreated controls without any adverse effects and toxicity. Thus, the current study beholds anticipation PRK-NPs may play a vital role in therapeutic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]