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Intrauterine device represents the most reversible method of contraceptive worldwide. Its insertion is a medical procedure not free from complication. We report a rare case of intravesical migration of a copper intrauterine device inserted 18 months earlier in a 28-year-old multiparous woman. The patient presented with irritative lower urinary tract symptoms, and she was managed endoscopically. This case underscores the role of cystoscopy in irritative lower urinary tract symptoms post IUD insertion.

RésuméObjectifPrésenter l’expérience du service d’urologie de la prise en charge des corps étrangers du bas appareil urinaire.Patients et MéthodesIl s’agissait d’une revue rétrospective des corps étrangers des voies urinaires basses pris en charge dans le service d’urologie du CHUSS de Bobo-Dioulasso sur la période du 1er Septembre 2013 au 31 Octobre 2015.Le consentement éclairé des patients a été obtenu. A travers une revue de la littérature, les caractéristiques cliniques et la prise en charge des patients ont été discutées.RésultatsTrois cas de corps étrangers des voies urinaires basses ont été enregistrés et pris en charge dans notre service en deux ans. Les trois patients étaient respectivement âgés de 16ans, 37ans et 23ans. Il s’agissait de deux patientes de sexe féminin, présentant chacune un corps étranger intra vésical introduit lors de manœuvre abortive pour l’une et lors d’une agression sexuelle pour l’autre. Pour le troisième patient, de sexe masculin, il s’agissait d’un corps étranger intra urétral auto introduit lors de pratique masturbatoire. Il s’agissait d’un tube en caoutchouc introduit dans un but abortif, d’une pointe (clou) lors d’une agression sexuelle et d’une tige métallique sur laquelle a été enroulé un fil de fer chez le dernier patient. Tous les trois patients ont subi une chirurgie à ciel ouvert ayant permis l’extraction des corps étrangers. Une consultation psychiatrique à la recherche d’une pathologie psychiatrique sous-jacente a été réalisée chez le dernier patient. La patiente ayant été victime de l’agression sexuelle a bénéficié d’un soutien psychologique. Les suites opératoires ont été simples.ConclusionLes corps étrangers des voies urinaires basses sont relativement peu fréquents dans notre pratique, leur diagnostic est aisé avec des circonstances de survenue et la nature de ces corps étrangers variables. Malgré les progrès de l’endoscopie urologique, leur prise en charge dans notre pratique est faite par la chirurgie à ciel ouvert.AbstractObjectiveTo present our experience of lower urinary tract foreign bodies managementSubjects and MethodsIt was a retrospective review of lower urinary tract foreign bodies, managed in the Urology division of Souro Sanou University Teaching Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) between 1st January 2013 to 31th December 2014.Informed consents from the patients were obtained. Through a review of the literature, the clinical characteristics and the management modalities for have been discussed.ResultsThree cases of lower urinary tract foreign body have been registered and managed in two years. Patients were respectively aged 16 years, 37 years and 23 years, two female patients and one male. It was bladder foreign body, self inflicted for abortion attempt, an inserted foreign body in bladder through vagina presenting each one foreign during a sexual assault and for the third patient, male, it was a self inflicted urethral foreign body urethral during autoerotist sexual practice. All three patients have undergone open surgery that allowed the extraction of foreign bodies. A psychiatric consultation to search psychiatric disorder was conducted in the last patient. The patient having been the victim of sexual assault has benefited of psychological support. The post operative course was uneventful for all the patients.ConclusionLower urinary tract foreign bodies are not so common in our practice, their diagnosis are easy with various circumstances of introduction and various nature of foreign body. Despite the progress of endourologic procedures, their management in our practice still remains open surgery.

But Presenter l’experience du service d’urologie dans la prise en charge du cancer de la verge a partir de trois observations.

Bone metastases from prostate cancer are very common. They are usually located on the axial skeleton. However, cranial bone metastases especially to the parietal bone are rare. We report a case of metastatic prostate cancer presenting with left parietal bone metastasis in a patient with no urological symptoms or signs. We should consider prostate cancer in any man above 60 years presenting unusual bone lesions.

Nitrate (NO; ) can leach from golf greens, potentially causing the degradation of surface and ground water quality. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with 11 annual bluegrass (Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn.) ecotypes from eastern Canada (Quebec and Ontario) and the USA, and three bentgrass (Agrostis spp.) species to compare N uptake and potential for N leaching. Two-month-old grasses were established for a 6-wk period in lysimeter columns simulating a golf-green profile. An unplanted root zone control was included. Water-soluble fertilizer was applied at 25 kg N ha -1 (NH 4 NO 3 ) every 14 d for 57 d. Leachate samples were collected every second day and analyzed for NO 3 -N and ammonium N (NH 4 -N) content. Dry weight and N concentration were determined on clippings, shoots, and roots. Ammonium N leaching was negligible for all grasses. Less NO 3 -N leaching losses occurred under bentgrasses (6-11% of applied N) than under annual bluegrasses (28-71% of applied N). Differences in NO 3 -N leaching were also found within annual bluegrasses; Quebec P. annua > Ontario P. annua > USA P. annua. Grasses with a greater aboveground biomass developed a larger and deeper root system and were associated with a greater N uptake (r = 0.94) and, therefore, a lower NO 3 -N leaching (r = -0.94). Breeding programs and management practices to improve turfgrass root development appear to be critical to reduce fertilizer N leaching under sand-based putting greens.

Elephantiasis of the external genitalia is characterized by lymphedema and thickening of the subcutaneous tissues. This gives the skin an appearance similar to a pachyderm skin. This pathology is invalidating for the patient. Reconstructive surgery is often the only way to restaure aesthetic and functional aspects of the external genitalia. We aim to report a 52 year man with huge penoscrotal elephantiasis who underwent excision and penoscrotal reconstruction at the department of Urology, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital at Ouagadougou.

The subcritical neutron multiplication factors k for two parallel, axially separated, flat cylindrical tanks separated up to 57.91cm in air and containing enriched uranyl (93.1 wt% [sup 235]U) nitrate solution (71.6-cm-i.d. tanks, 8.91-cm solution thickness, 1.555 g/cm[sup 3] solution density, and 404g U/l uranium density) were measured by the [sup 252]Cf-source-driven noise analysis method with measured k values varying from 0.99 to 0.80. These measurements were performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Critical Experiments Facility in 1989 and were part of the program of Westinghouse Idaho Nuclear Company (WINCO) to benchmark calculations for the design of the new storage system at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Initial subcriticality measurements by the source-jerk method at LANL had indicated that at a calculated neutron multiplication factor k = 0.95, the measured k was 0.975. This discrepancy was of concern to WINCO because the new storage facility was being designed with a k limit of 0.95, and thus, half of the criticality safety margin of the storage design was equal to the discrepancy between early measurements and calculations. The [sup 252]Cf-source-driven noise analysis measurements confirmed the validity of the calculational methods. In addition to providing the neutron multiplication factor from point-kinetics interpretationmore » of the data, these measurements also provided the auto-power and cross-power spectral densities as a function of frequency, which can be calculated directly with recently developed Monte Carlo methods and thus could also be used to validate calculational methods and cross-section sets.« less

A nuclear weapons identification system (NWIS) has been under development at the Oak Ridge Y-12 plant since 1984. NWIS employs active neutron interrogation to obtain a variety of time and frequency analysis signature to identify nuclear weapons in containers. Advantages of NWIS are: (1) high sensitivity {small changes in configurations produce large changes in signatures}; (2) insensitivity of some signatures to background radiation, {useful for storage configurations or for tracking of secondaries through the first stage of dismantlement since the presence of the primary on the assembled system does not affect some signatures for the secondary}; (3) nonintrusive {does not reveal design information, which makes it useful for bilateral treaties or by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)}; and (4) very difficult to deceive.

The effects of fast‐neutron‐induced defects on the dislocation internal friction and modulus defect of copper crystals were studied by two procedures: (i) irradiation at 20°K followed by measurements during heating at a constant rate to room temperature and (ii) measurements during and after irradiations at various constant temperatures between 90 and 410°K. The measurements were made at low enough strain amplitude so that breakaway of dislocations from pinning points did not occur. Samples of known dislocation density were used in many of the experiments so that the ``vibrating‐string'' model of dislocation motion could be used to calculate approximate absolute values for the densities of radiation‐defect pinning points obtained at various temperatures. These were characterized by the ratio g of pinning points collected to freely migrating radiation defects created in the samples, assuming that on the average 20 defects can migrate away from the cascade region of each primary recoil. For the lower‐temper...

The transport effects induced by resistive ballooning modes are estimated from a theory, and are found to be mainly thermal electron conduction losses. An expression for electron thermal diffusivity ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{e}$ is derived. The theoretical predictions agree well with experimental values of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{e}$ obtained from power balance for the ISX-$B$ plasmas at high poloidal beta.

A theory is developed for the cross-power spectral densities between the signal from an ionization chamber containing a 252Cf neutron source, which provides the initiation of fission chains in a re...

Resonant transmission‐line configurations are described which give maximum frequency modulation amplitude when modulated by a small terminating capacitance. If the termination is a capacitive vibration transducer, there results a wide‐band, absolutely calibrated system which can detect small vibration amplitudes in a severe environment.Subject Classificairon: 85.44; 40.75; 85.22.

Internal friction and modulus measurements were made between 13 and 38 kHz as a function of temperature on several copper crystals into which a low density (∼ 105–106 cm−2) of dislocations had been introduced by deformation in compression. The dislocation contributions to damping and modulus defect were determined by comparison with duplicate measurements made after the dislocations had been immobilized by irradiation. Dislocation densities were evaluated by etch‐pit counting, and as a result enough information was obtained to determine absolute values for the loop length and drag coefficient in the vibrating‐string (Koehler/Granato‐Lucke) model of dislocation damping. The loop length was found to have appreciable temperature dependence and the drag coefficient was found to be higher by a factor of ∼ 15–∼65 than values obtained for copper by MHz damping and dislocation velocity measurements. Similar results were obtained in several samples and it is noted that the measured damping and modulus values are n...

Studies have been made of the variations of internal friction and elastic modulus during irradiation of pure copper crystals at a number of temperatures in the range 90°K to 300°K. The results are interpreted in terms of pinning of dislocation lines by radiation defects migrating from their points of origin. In terms of the room temperature value the dislocation pinning rate is 2.5×10−2 in the range 100°K to 140°K and (from previous measurements) of the order of 2.5×10−5 at 20°K. On slowly warming the sample after the irradiation, it is found that at 260°K the modulus and decrement begin to move rapidly toward their ``saturation'' values. Presumably, defects ``stored'' in the sample due to a lack of thermal mobility at the irradiation temperature become mobile at this temperature and move to the dislocation lines.

Single crystals of copper were compressed and irradiated with fast neutrons while under load to pin dislocations in their stress‐applied positions. Thin electron‐microscope samples were prepared with surfaces parallel to the primary slip plane, and micrographs were taken of dislocations lying in this plane. The equilibrium shapes of these dislocations were compared with those predicted by the theory of DeWit and Koehler. A computer and digitally controlled plotter were used to generate curves representing the theoretical dislocation shapes, and these curves were plotted on transparent film for superposition onto micrographs of dislocations. The stresses thus measured on dislocations observed in samples compressed to 40, 100, and 500 gm/mm2 resolved shear stress were found to agree closely with the applied stress, even through a majority of the dislocations studied were in the vicinity of other dislocations, which might be expected to modify the stress acting on the dislocations studied.

Measurements of the strain‐amplitude dependence of the internal friction in copper have been made at 100°C as a function of fast neutron dose. Although it is found that the Granato‐Lucke theory of amplitude‐dependent internal friction does not describe the results obtained, the dose dependence of the dislocation breakaway stress can be deduced by other means. After taking into account the variation with neutron dose of the mean free dislocation length, it is found that the breakaway stress is proportional to the cube root of the integrated flux in the dose range from 1011 to 1014 neutrons/cm2 (E>0.6 MeV). Extrapolation of the breakaway stress results to doses greater than 1019 neutrons/cm2 shows essential agreement with earlier neutron‐hardening results. The results are discussed in terms of a source‐hardening mechanism.

The internal friction of several cold‐worked copper single crystals was measured between 4° and 300°K at 4 kc. Vibrational strain amplitudes ranging from 10−7−2×10−5 were used. In pure samples the height of the Bordoni relaxation peak increased slightly with strain amplitude, but in all samples the activation energy of the relaxation process was not affected. This conclusion may be reconciled with the theory of Donth—and some other aspects of the measurements (e.g., peak width) can be clarified—by assuming that the dislocations participating in the relaxation process are under internal stresses resulting from the prior cold work. An activation energy of 0.12 ev is consistent with the present data, but the range of frequency represented in the comparison is not sufficient to determine the value accurately. It is shown that the subsidiary peak consists of two separate peaks at about 30° and 40°K.

Calculations with several different computer codes based on the resistive MHD equations have shown that (m = 1, n = 1) tearing modes in tokamak plasmas grow by magnetic reconnection. The observable behavior predicted by the codes has been confirmed in detail from the waveforms of signals from x-ray detectors and recently by x-ray tomographic imaging.

A variable gap capacitive detector has been developed for displacement amplitude measurements of longitudinal ultrasonic waves in the frequency range 5 to 100 MHz. The gap spacing is controlled by differential gas pressure. With this device it is possible to maintain a constant detector capacitance for measurements of the temperature dependence of the third order elastic constants. This improves the precision of the measurements considerably.

This paper reviews nonlinear elasticity theory, with special emphasis on waves whose amplitude is just large enough that nonlinearity must be taken into account. Methods for obtaining traveling‐plane‐wave solutions and the mathematical and physical properties of these solutions are discussed. Particular attention is given to that part of the theory that relates experimental measures of distortion to the third‐order elastic constants. Finally, the relevance of these constants to other areas of physics is mentioned. [Research sponsored by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with Union Carbide Corporation and by a National Science Foundation grant to the Georgia Institute of Technology.]