Search

True deregulation of the utility industry can not happen without the creation of vibrant energy trading markets that allow buyers and sellers of energy to freely engage in trading activities over a wide range of energy sources, products, and geographies. The creation of such markets is being impeded by the absence of adequate trading tools. Unfortunately, the trading facilities from other industries (such as the stock and commodity trading) can not be easily applied to power markets, due to peculiar technical characteristics of energy trading. Development of sophisticated energy trading tools is of paramount importance to the electric power industry. This article features an energy trading system (Open Access Same-Time Information Systems) developed by Open Access Technology, International, Inc. (OATI) and deployed in the Mid-Continent Area Power Pool (MAPP) region in January 1997.

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) developed an advanced transportable operator training simulator (OTS) that features improvements over other simulators on the market. The OTS consists of four subsystems: power system modeling, educational, scenario building, and control center modeling. The interaction between the instructor and the OTS is supported by the instructor position man-machine interface (IPMMI) software and hardware. Control of the OTS, data entry into the database, and presentation of data on displays are performed by the IPMMI. All data requests and updates performed by the IPMMI relate to data resident in the power system model (PSM) database. The IPMMI also has the ability to initiate PSM tasks and to transmit program-generated messages to the instructor. OTS implementation and testing at a host utility are described. >

A description is given of an operator training system on which simulation-based restoration training could be conducted and its operating environment. Included is a discussion of the restoration strategy on which it is based. Two restoration case studies on which the simulator was tested are presented. They concern the blackstart and resynchronization of two islands and blackstart of a hydro generating station. Some preliminary results of using the simulator for restoration training are highlighted. >

Philadelphia Electric Company (PECo) is the host electric utility for the EPRI operator training simulator (OTS). One of the OTS functional requirements is to provide system restoration training. Some preliminary results from the use of the OTS for restoration scenarios are presented. These scenarios are: blackstart and resynchronization of two islands; blackstart of a hydro generating station; and blackstart of a combustion turbine for providing cranking power for another generating unit within an isolated island. The restoration procedure, the system component models, the OTS results, and potential problem areas are presented. The purpose of this study is to provide a forum to discuss the capability of existing analytical tools and future research, needs to aid system operators in system restoration. >

The design of an advanced, transportable operator training simulator (OTS) which was developed as part of EPRI research project 1915-2 is outlined. Advanced modeling technology and instructor capabilities are described along with training examples which demonstrate the capabilities of this OTS. >

A framework for the implementation of an online power system dynamic security assessment (DSA) package as part of an existing energy management system is described. The key components of DSA as well as the feature requirements for these components are identified.

The objective of this project was to develop an advanced Operator Training Simulator (OTS) which is suitable for training power system control center operators in normal operations, emergency operations, and system restoration. This is the final report for the project. It includes a summary of the objectives of the project and describes a method which can be used to implement an OTS by extension of an existing Energy Management System. The capabilities of the OTS are described and instructional considerations are summarized. A summary is given of the implementation and demonstration of the OTS at Philadelphia Electric Company, the host utility for this project. An overview of the OTS documentation is provided.

The Transient Energy Function method is applied to assess the transient stability of a power network at the end of a complex disturbance sequence. Following this assessment, a method is devised for estimating the amount of generation-shedding required, early in the disturbance sequence, to prevent loss of synchronism. The technique developed for the above assessment is applied to a reduced model of the B. C. Hydro system.

The output of a conventional transient stability program is analyzed using transient energy functions for individual machines. The analyst is provided with a quantitative index of the degree of stability or instability for each generator. This index is useful for guiding the selection of subsequent case studies. The transient energy consists of two components: kinetic and potential energy. In the post-disturbance period, profiles of the kinetic energy (VKE), the potential energy (VPE), and the time derivative of the potential energy (V?PE) are obtained. These are used to develop a criterion for the degree of stress on a disturbed but stable machine, and to assess the extent of instability for an unstable machine. The method of analysis has been tested on two power networks representing the system of the state of Iowa, and validated by studies on a Philadelphia Electric Co. network.

The authors extended the applicability of the transient energy function method by incorporating the exciter effects in the energy of a multimachine power system during the first swing transient. The generator was represented by the two-axis model and the exciter was represented by one gain, one time constant, and one limiter. In this study they compute the parameters of the extended transient energy function, which assumes a constant average internal EMF. The critical value of this transient energy is determined. A procedure for its use in transient stability assessment has been developed and successfully applied to fault disturbances in two test networks. >