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This paper is an attempt to design and configure a mathematical system to optimize a subtractive manufacturing process by considering the feasibility of the considered values of the inputs. A turning experiment consisting of 18 trials conducted with Inconel 825 is taken as a reference. The initial phase of the process consists of normalization of the input data so that a numerical analysis can be done. Linguistic input data is processed using a fuzzy logic system by considering three factors related to the type of tool used: tool cost, flank wear and the roughness of the machined surface. A normalization scheme based on feasibility is developed to process the numerical input data. Three multiple attribute decision-making methods (MADM methods): simple additive weighting, weighted product and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) are used to optimize the process. The results are tabulated and the first ranked experiment with the highest feasibility score, given by the three methods is the first alternative among the chosen combinations. It is very well observed that the optimization results obtained by the three methods are coherent.

Dengue fever is a major public health concern in India and Kerala is one of the worst affected states in the country. Kanjirappally, Kottayam district, has been reported to be the epicentre of dengue in the state. In 2016, we carried out a post-epidemic seroprevalence survey in both urban and rural sites of this endemic foci to estimate the disease burden. A systematic sampling technique with a random start (household) was adopted in each study site. Overall, 938 individuals were enrolled in the survey, 470 in the urban and 468 in the rural sites belonging to 103 and 88 households respectively. Rapid diagnostic IgM/IgG test kit was used for the study. The overall dengue IgG seroprevalence observed was 51.28%. Urban sites had higher seroprevalence rate (59.8%) compared to rural sites (42.74%, P < 0.01). No gender difference was recorded in seroprevalence rates among the sites. Exposure was found to be more common among adults than children in both areas. Seroprevalence rate in children

Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a neglected tropical disease is targeted for elimination globally by 2020. National Health Policy of India set the goal by 2017 and annual single-dose mass drug administration (MDA) with anti-filarial drugs is in operation in endemic districts since 2004. Performance and effectiveness of MDA was diverse across the nation and prevalence of infection continues above threshold level in 50% of endemic districts which requires alternative strategies. National programme aims at achieving >65% consumption for transmission control. Post 10 rounds of MDA in an endemic district of Kerala state, a three-arm study identified determinants in gap in outreach and consumption, based on which context-dependent intervention using social group work and networking (SGWN) was implemented and impact assessed. A spill over effect with overall increase in coverage and consumption rates irrespective of arms apparently is due to inclusive improvement in MDA programme whereas, significant relative improvement in intervention arm reflects effectiveness of SGWN strategy. Though reduction in microfilaria prevalence in all arms was observed, it was significant between intervention and comparison arm. This study highlights need for context-dependent communication strategy to improve MDA for accelerating LF elimination by the targeted 2020.

The X-ray is captured to diagnose diseases. The accurate diagnosis of bone fractures is indeed an important aspect for doctors. Digital x-ray images help to provide appropriate treatments. X-ray images are normally used for bone fracture analysis, but sometimes x-ray does not help in diagnosing the disease because of noise in the image or blurring images. The aim of this paper is to develop a digital x-ray system based on image processing, which gives a quick and accurate size of the ball diameter, the neck length and the angle of hip implant to create precise 3D models of orthopedic implants. In this research paper, x-ray images have been subjected to various degrees of noise reduction and compression, the quality to provide accurate results has been measured.

Hip Joint is one of the essential parts of the human body, which transmits the body forces to the legs. Different materials like stainless steel, zirconium and titanium are used in the design of hip joint. The perfect material, on the basis of strength, cost and weight, is still not specified. Literature studies and expert opinions in this field state that it is very difficult to give the exact design of an implant and to investigate the selection of materials, shapes, effect of vibration, and prediction of failure of an implant. Hip fracture is a major cause for disability in human beings. The design of the hip prosthesis has been incessantly improved to meet the requirements of patients with a recent development in biomedical engineering technology. Many new approaches try to find better material design and cost for hip joints. This paper focuses on the rational design process of 3-D hip joint implant. The logical cohort mathematical models of various stem parts are obtained to improve the stem model of the implant. The created surface is then processed in the finite element analyzer (Ansys-14) to estimate the induced stress and examine the effect of each design factor on the maximum correspondent stress for an hip prosthesis of alloy steel.

Trolley is the device used for carrying load or to transport the material from one point to another. For different types of application various types of trollies are available in the market. Depending upon the specific use the one will select the trolley, but it is limited to do a specific work. To overcome this problem, a new trolley was designed which could be used for multi-purpose. There are many types of trolley available in the market for various fields like airport, shopping malls, industries, hospitals etc. to carry the heavy or light loads. This paper contains the development of trolley, which includes design on the basis of creativity skills and fabrication, which can be used for more than one type of task. The trolley designed is the integration of airport trolley and shopping mall trolley. One more advantageous feature added to the design was a motorized wheel which reduces the human effort for carrying of load and also it can be operated manually if required.

Parasitological survey conducted recently in Mattancherry, Kerala showed a low prevalence of microfilariae (mf), with a mf rate of 1.81%, compared to that of 1956 when the mf rate was 14.7%. No brugian infection was encountered in the present investigation, though both bancroftian and brugian infections were reported earlier. Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of bancroftian filariasis was the most predominant (93.3%) mosquito species, and its infection and infectivity rates were 0.76% and 0.54% respectively. Mansonioides spp., the vectors of brugian filariasis constituted only 0.2% of the total mosquitoes and with no infection. The overall reduction in the prevalence of mf cases and vector infection rates over the years is attributed to the continued activities of the National Filaria Control Programme. The disappearance of brugian filariasis could mainly be due to the drastic reduction in the Mansonioides breeding habitats, as a result of rapid urbanization coupled with improved socio economic conditions.