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The surface properties of three-dimensional scaffolds are improved by coating or covalently linking certain adhesion-promoting proteins or peptides. In the present study, the effect of type I collagen-derived peptide (GKNGDDGEA) on adhesion and proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes and NIH3T3 murine fibroblast cell lines was studied to assess its suitability for possible skin tissue engineering applications. Cell adhesion and proliferation of HaCaT and NIH3T3 were found to be enhanced by peptide coating. The optimum peptide coating densities to obtain the best cell adhesion and proliferation were found to be 0.827 µmoles/cm

The Objective of the Projects is to analyse the Garment workers in various departments such as Sewing machine, ironing and Packing. The workplace has the capability to negatively affect employee’s overall performance in a whole lot of approaches, inclusive of dissatisfaction, minor or extreme injuries that limit employees capability to complete ordinary obligations, or even death in intense situations. Musculoskeletal diseases are one of the most common causes of decreased productiveness in the latest workplace. Because of high repetitive work and awkward work postures, have discovered musculoskeletal risk factors connected with the textile industries. In terms of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms, the manufacturing employees had significantly higher symptom scores than the group with more diversified work duties for the head, neck, shoulders, and arms, but not for the low back, hips, or lower extremities. Individual parameters had intricate relationships with symptoms in the head and low back. Textile stitching machine operators are exposed to hazards and pain that accumulate over time due to prolonged activity. So, this study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design in which textile sewing machine, Ironing and Packing operators were analysed using REBA method., {"references":["Ak, A., Ba, T., & Adebisi, O. A. (2013). Prevalence, pattern and impact of musculoskeletal disorders among sewing machine operators in Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 7(2), 15.","Athit, K. O. N. G. (2005). Hazards in Cambodian garment factories. Occupational Safety and Health, 55, 1-3.","Chavalitsakulchai, P., & Shahnavaz, H. (1993). Musculoseletal disorders of female workers and ergonomics problems in five different industries of a developing country. Journal of human ergology, 22(1), 29-43.","Crawford, J. O. (2007). The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Occupational medicine, 57(4), 300-301.","Herbert, R., Dropkin, J., Warren, N., Sivin, D., Doucette, J., Kellogg, L., Zoloth, S. (2001). Impact of a joint labor-management ergonomics program on upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms among garment workers. Applied Ergonomics, 32(5), 453-460.","Kuorinka, I., Jonsson, B., Kilbom, A., Vinterberg, H., Biering-Sørensen, F., Andersson, G., & Jørgensen, K. (1987). Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied ergonomics, 18(3), 233-237.","Maduagwu, S. M., Sokunbi, G. O., Bwala, M. P., Akanbi, O. A., Jajere, A. M., Jaiyeola, O. A., & Ojiakor, A. C. (2015). Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among self-employed sewing machine operators in maiduguri, Nigeria. Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs.","Malik, N., Maan, A. A., Pasha, T. S., Akhtar, S., & Ali, T. (2010). Role of hazard control measures in occupational health and safety in the textile industry of Pakistan. Pak J Agri Sci, 47(1), 72-76.","Çivitci, Ş. (2004). An ergonomic garment design for elderly Turkish men. Applied ergonomics, 35(3), 243-251.","Berberoğlu, U., & Tokuç, B. (2013). Work-related musculoskeletal disorders at two textile factories in Edirne, Turkey. Balkan medical journal, 2013(1), 23-27."]}

The objective of the projects is to analyze the chemical usage in various department and divisions in watch manufacturing industry. In watch manufacturing industry there are numerous numbers of chemicals has been used inside the premises comprises of various department and divisions along with it. There are 303 major chemicals has been used inside the premises. Every chemical used inside the industry has a toxicity and fire risk potential effects to the workers who handled and used the chemical in daily basics. Among the departments, case plant has a major contribution of chemical handling in watch manufacturing industry. About 53 percentage of chemical handling and usage has been done in case plant. To find out the chemical toxicity and fire risk, the recommended analysis has been carried out to find out the vulnerable chemical has been used inside the industry. Fire and explosion index and fire risk assessment has occupied a vital role throughout the analysis and help to identify the vulnerable chemicals. Through the analysis, we obtain the results of what are the safety gaps (or) deviations present inside the industry and recommend the solution based on it. This paper also provides a recommendation for the fire risk assessment of chemicals and ensure to establish and can manage fire safety and toxic safety effectively., {"references":["Hill, R. A., & Sendashonga, C. (2003). General principles for risk assessment of living modified organisms: lessons from chemical risk assessment. Environmental Biosafety Research, 2(2), 81-88.","Whaley, P., Halsall, C., Ågerstrand, M., Aiassa, E., Benford, D., Bilotta, G. & Taylor, D. (2016). Implementing systematic review techniques in chemical risk assessment: Challenges, opportunities and recommendations. Environment international, 92, 556-564.","Judson, R. S., Kavlock, R. J., Setzer, R. W., Cohen Hubal, E. A., Martin, M. T., Knudsen, T. B., ... & Dix, D. J. (2011). Estimating toxicity-related biological pathway altering doses for high-throughput chemical risk assessment. Chemical research in toxicology, 24(4), 451-462.","Amendola, A., Contini, S., & Ziomas, I. (1992). Uncertainties in chemical risk assessment: results of a European benchmark exercise. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 29(3), 347-363.","Johnson, A. C., & Sumpter, J. P. (2016). Are we going about chemical risk assessment for the aquatic environment the wrong way?. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 35(7), 1609-1616.","Bonzini, M., Leso, V., & Iavicoli, I. (2022). Towards a toxic-free environment: perspectives for chemical risk assessment approaches. La Medicina del Lavoro, 113(1).).","Greenberg, H. R., & Cramer, J. J. (Eds.). (1991). Risk assessment and risk management for the chemical process industry. John Wiley & Sons","Pastorok, Robert A., et al. (2003). Role of ecological modeling in risk assessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 9.4. 939-972.","Papazoglou, I. A., Nivolianitou, Z., Aneziris, O., & Christou, M. (1992). Probabilistic safety analysis in chemical installations. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 5(3), 181-191.","Sobus, J. R., Wambaugh, J. F., Isaacs, K. K., Williams, A. J., McEachran, A. D., Richard, A. M., ... & Newton, S. R. (2018). Integrating tools for non-targeted analysis research and chemical safety evaluations at the US EPA. Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 28(5), 411-426."]}

Communication plays a vital role in world. It is mainly carried out in from of speech or through non-verbal movements. Though the communication through speech is the origin for communication, other body expressions such hand movement and facial expressions also help to communicate our thoughts to others. The main aim of this research is as follows; The main objective of image compression is to reduce the size of data i.e used to represent a digital media in an efficient manner without causing major degradation to the quality of the image. To increase the efficiency and performance of digital data, image compression is used in various fields like security industries, federal government agencies and health industries. The reduced size may facilitate the quick transfer of the data over the communication channels. There are two types of compression methods. One is lossy and second is lossless compression. In lossless compression, no information is lost that is reduces bits by finding and eliminating redundancy. Lossy compression technique reduces size of data by finding non-essential information and destroys it. Therefore, the process of decreasing the size of data file is termed as data compression.

Lot of troubles have been solved using mobile cranes, but affects lifting equipment workers’ safety and health. The goal of this article is to narrate the stage of distress of the mobile lifting equipment worker and entity muscle damage to the psychosomatic cause. Distress evaluation was conceded among the lifting equipment workers Seven various manufacturer’s cranes and 40 crane operators were taken for the examination. The operator’s compartment was studied in detail, the position of the seat, its height, width, seating, backrest, location of controls and pedals from seating etc., to find out the suitability of the compartment and comfort of the operation. The rate of recurrence, concentration of distress, and intervention intensity of suffering examined, 21.8% of the workers indicated distress one or two time, 27.4% face distress in a week 3 to 4 time, daily 34.4% experience distress, and 16.4% account distress a number of times in a day. The rate of recurrence and concentration of the distress in every body part is linked to the location of the controls. The ergonomically considered seats and gearshift can diminish distress of the worker, and improve on the whole protection and fitness.

Banana, Pineapple and Jute fiber were mixed with different combination of volume percentage by hand layup technique. For this investigation six types of combinations used. Banana fiber has 60% in all the combination and remaining 40% of fiber only shared with Pineapple fiber and Jute fiber for six different combinations and also each combination with three different (5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm) thicknesses. The corresponding thermal analysis such as thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of six combination fiber composites were compared for the good thermal insulator for insulation applications.

The major purpose of the present study is to investigate and compare the characteristics of dissimilar joining of Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel using diffusion bonding process and analysis of the temperature distribution and stress intensity with the help of ANSYS software. For the diffusion bonding the joint quality is based on the process parameters like time, temperature and pressure maintained during the process. Diffusion bonding experiments for Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel was carried out by varying the Pressure 5 MPa, 10 MPa and 15 Mpa, temperature 750 °C, 800 °C and 850 °C also time 60 min, 90 min and 120 min. The diffusion bonded joints of the Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel created and temperature distribution were done by ANSYS.

Energy resources in our modern fast paced techno world are fast depleting. Hence a renewable energy source is much required at the moment Wind energy is a renewable source of energy. today, the output power from wind turbines can be utilized in two ways, either by direct use of the mechanical shaft power (through a gear in gear ratio) or by letting the wind turbine power and electrical generator, and utilizing the generated power as electrical power. This paper brings a new possibility for the utilization of the wind generated power, for various electrical components inside a typical railway train through the batteries, charged by the wind energy harnessed by a wind turbine mounted at the top of the train coaches. This setup consists of duct, turbine, and generator. The setup is designed in such a way that it does not affect the performance of the train. Average velocity is estimated for the train and the suitable specification of generator is selected. The theoretical calculations of duct, turbine and pulley parameters are calculated and the whole setup is designed in CATIA, also by varying the inlet air velocity, the speed and torque of the turbine are calculated using CFX software. These parameters are used for calculating generator’s speed and torque and are validated by comparing with the theoretical design calculations. Future advancements are discussed, and a path for experimental verification is proposed.

The main aim of this study is to heat the water by burning the waste obtained from the houses and municipal wastes. The flue gases can be obtained by burning the wastes inside the furnace and then these flue gases can be treated with the help of the catalytic converter to remove the harmful gases such as CO, NOx, SOx. The treated flue gases will used to heat the phase change materials such as Paraffin wax then the heat obtained from the wax can be used to heat the water will be used during the night time. The municipal waste can be fed into the furnace at the top and free burning causes the fumes to heat the wax at 45 °C. (i.e.) the melting point of wax will in turn heat the water placed at the top by natural convection.

Experimental investigation carried about improvement of convective heat transfer coefficient of radiator by using 75% of Al2O3 and 25% of CeO2 combination of nano particles for automobiles. There are different conditions of mass flow rate (0.02 kg/s, 0.04 kg/s, 0.06 kg/s, 0.08 kg/s and 0.1 kg/s) and various volumes of nano particles combination (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%) considered for this investigation. Percentage of nano particle volume and mass flow rate also created the considerable impact in the heat transfer rate and convective heat transfer coefficient values at constant inlet temperature.

The DMR249A steel is uniquely developed by a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel. In India, the steel is being used for the construction of Indian Aircraft Carrier and other shipyards. Develop the depth of penetration (DOP) and achieve in a single pass for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The GTAW process is called activated flux gas tungsten arc welding (A-GTAW). Response surface methodology (RSM) and Taguchi technique are used for Design of experiments (DOE) approach. Depth of penetration in a single pass to optimize the welding parameters. The current, torch speed and arc gap are considered as an input variable. The DOP was considered as the response variable. To develop both optimization technique depends on the process parameters. To identified optimum process parameters were validated by bead on plate experiments. The RSM (D-optimal) and Taguchi optimization technique the DOP values are measured and predicted to the RMS error. Thus, RSM (D-optimal) was observed to predict optimized welding process parameters for achieving maximum DOP with better accuracy during A-GTAW process.

The available nutrient status of the mulberry gardens in the districts of Tamil Nadu is analyzed and evaluated to find the status. In this work, the soil is classified based on the test report to a number of features with fertility indices for boron (B), organic carbon (OC), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and available boron (B), along with the parameter soil reaction (pH). A total of 10 steps are used for cross-validation purposes wherein in every step, the data involves 10% for validation and the remaining for training data. A fast learning classification methodology known as extreme learning method (ELM) is trained using the data to identify the micronutrients present in the soil. Activation functions such as hard limit, triangular basis, hyperbolic tangent, sine-squared, and Gaussian radial basis are used to optimize the methodology. Based on the analysis performed, the nutrients are classified and the optimal soil conditions are proposed for different regions that are analyzed. Based on the study conducted, it is found that the soils in Tamil Nadu have normal electrical conductivity and are red in colour. They are found to be rich in potassium (35% of the samples), nitrogen (80% of the samples), and sulphur (75% of the sample) and sufficient or poor in magnesium, boron, zinc, and copper.

In coal fired power plants, Bituminous coal grade C is received through wagons from coal mines, unloaded, and separated as sized coal and coal dust. Coal is stored in stockpiles of around 22000 square metres that have been specified for coal storage. The size of each stockpile is 15’ in length, 10’ in width, and 10’ in height and the temperature in the locality is around 38 °C, with summer temperatures reaching 42 °C. Spontaneous combustion occurred more than 90 times in a six month time. More than 75% of the area always has coal-stock since the industries are far away from the coal mines and more than 50 big furnaces use the coal gas as fuel. Raw coal and coal dust have higher sulphur content, a very low onset temperature, and the highest volatile matter content. Hence, it undergoes spontaneous combustion easily. The fixed carbon of sized coal is higher, and therefore its susceptibility to unstructured burning is lesser contrast with two new trials since it will have a higher calorific value. The quality of coal has the highest impact, while low-grade coal is most responsible for spontaneous combustion, and high-grade coal is the least susceptible to warming. The main indicators are physical symptoms such as odor, smoke, or heat sensation. The polluted environments contain CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6.

In Engineering Industries suffering due to industrial wound and ill health, of the Computer Numerical Control machines operators are in the increasing trend, in the subjective analysis which we carried out for the CNC machine, the operators expressing the discomfort at the neck, upper back, lower back, shoulder, and arm because of working with the keys in the controls and viewing the display. The aim of this examination is to identify the most favourable location of control and display through various muscles that activate while performing in CNC machine operations. We introduce surface Electromyogram (EMG) to determine the muscle activity and deliberate on plane of the body close to respective muscles of an operator.The muscle activity measured for all the twenty subjects, at five different levels to find out the best optimal location for controls and display to establish the findings of the subjective study. Though there is no clear trend when all the subjects are aggregated, it is seen that 90 cm-100 cm be the optimum range for the midpoint of the control panel and 143cm-148 cm appears to be the optimum range for the midpoint of the display. Since changes in muscle activity are comparatively small for all the six muscles taken for study, however, the effect of cumulative activity borne over a shift, week, month, and year are to be considered. Muscle activity may increase in repetitive head/finger movements. These combined effects are to be captured for the ergonomic design of the CNC operator interface.

The phase transition material is a thermal energy storage device with latent heat that might be an unique approach to improve refrigerator performance by increasing condenser heat transfer. Performance of VCRS with mechanical subcooling system experiment investigates mainly compares the performance of system with and without Phase change material (PCM). In this experiment two methods, such as atmospheric air cooling and mechanical subcooling with PCM, have been used. In both categories, at different evaporator loading conditions such as 50,100,150,200,250 Watts, refrigerator performance such as the performance coefficient, compressor power source, condenser heat transfer rate, and evaporator chilling effect are compared. Mechanical subcooling based on PCM might be utilized to improve refrigerator performance, according to the findings.

The water tank is fixed on the top of the equipment which is used to store the water. The pedal is connected to the shaft which is connected to the rack bar. When pedal moves down the moving shaft presses the rack bar to up side. When the rack bar goes upside also the pinion moves 90 Degree and it opens the tap, and allows flowing the water in the wash basin. When we left the pedal, the spring attachment mechanism compresses and again rack bar comes to the original position (i.e. down side). The tap is automatically closed. No wastage of water is occurred due to forget to close the tap. The project is used to operate the water pipe by leg through the easy operation of the pedal for washing purpose. It is very useful for physically challenged people and hand injured persons also. Our primary achievement is to avoid the contamination of the diseases. This project protect the people from the contamination and restricts the huge water wastage. The project is very useful for the hand injured persons. The project is used to operate the water pipe for hand washing purpose through the easy operation of pressing the pedal. This project is cheap in cost, and very useful for using on hotels, restaurant, public areas and home uses.

The surface modification of biomaterials with matrikines for tissue engineering application is one of the recent approaches to improve their biocompatibility. In an earlier study, a peptide containing 21 amino acid isolated from bovine tendon collagen was shown to promote good cell adhesion in HeLa cell, and a smaller region in the peptide was identified using bioinformatics tool to mediate cell-peptide interaction. Hence, the present study was undertaken to validate the cell adhesion property of the smaller region of the peptide and elucidate probable peptide-cell interaction pathway. Cell adhesion and proliferation properties of the peptide were studied on cells cultured on surfaces coated with varying concentrations of peptide. Expression of focal adhesion related proteins like paxillin and pFAK Tyr397 was confirmed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy respectively. The anti-pFAK Tyr 397 stained confocal micrographs and mRNA transcription levels of Cdc42 and Rho further confirmed peptide mediated cell spreading. The change in the expression levels of integrin α1 and β1 indicates an integrin mediated cell-peptide interaction for cell survival and proliferation. Integrin mediated adhesion was further confirmed by anti-integrin blocking assay. The modulation of ECM components by the peptide was assessed by expression of COL1A1, TIMP mRNA levels and gelatin zymography for MMPs. The results of the study confirm the role of the small region of the larger collagen peptide in cell adhesion and proliferation and hint at the possible use of such small peptides as biocompatible surface modifiers for tissue scaffolds.