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(Abridged) In this work, we study the 2.8x2.6 deg2 region in the emblematic Rosette Nebula, centred at the young cluster NGC 2244, with the aim of constructing the most reliable candidate member list to date, determining various structural and kinematic parameters, and learning about the past and the future of the region. Starting from a catalogue containing optical to mid-infrared photometry, as well as positions and proper motions from Gaia EDR3, we apply the Probabilistic Random Forest algorithm and derive membership probability for each source. Based on the list of almost 3000 probable members, of which about a third are concentrated within the radius of 20' from the centre of NGC 2244, we identify various clustered sources and stellar concentrations, and estimate the average distance of 1489+-37 pc (entire region), 1440+-32 pc (NGC 2244) and 1525+-36 pc (NGC 2237). The masses, extinction, and ages are derived by SED fitting, and the internal dynamic is assessed via proper motions relative to the mean proper motion of NGC 2244. NGC 2244 is showing a clear expansion pattern, with an expansion velocity that increases with radius. Its IMF is well represented by two power laws (dN/dM\propto M^{-\alpha}), with slopes \alpha = 1.05+-0.02 for the mass range 0.2 - 1.5 MSun, and \alpha = 2.3+-0.3 for the mass range 1.5 - 20 MSun, in agreement with other star forming regions. The mean age of the region is ~2 Myr. We find evidence for the difference in ages between NGC 2244 and the region associated with the molecular cloud, which appears slightly younger. The velocity dispersion of NGC 2244 is well above the virial velocity dispersion derived from the total mass (1000+-70 MSun) and half-mass radius (3.4+-0.2 pc). From the comparison to other clusters and to numerical simulations, we conclude that NGC 2244 may be unbound, and possibly even formed in a super-virial state., Comment: 30 pages, 28 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

We aim at building a method that efficiently identifies young low-mass stars and brown dwarfs from low-resolution near-infrared spectra, by studying gravity-sensitive features and their evolution with age. We built a dataset composed of all publicly available ($\sim$2800) near-infrared spectra of dwarfs with spectral types between M0 and L3. First, we investigate methods for the derivation of the spectral type and extinction using comparison to spectral templates, and various spectral indices. Then, we examine gravity-sensitive spectral indices and apply machine learning methods, in order to efficiently separate young ($\lesssim$10 Myr) objects from the field. Using a set of six spectral indices for spectral typing, including two newly defined ones (TLI-J and TLI-K), we are able to achieve a precision below 1 spectral subtype across the entire spectral type range. We define a new gravity-sensitive spectral index (TLI-g) that consistently separates young from field objects, showing a performance superior to other indices from the literature. Even better separation between the two classes can be achieved through machine learning methods which use the entire NIR spectra as an input. Moreover, we show that the H- and K-bands alone are enough for this purpose. Finally, we evaluate the relative importance of different spectral regions for gravity classification as returned by the machine learning models. We find that the H-band broad-band shape is the most relevant feature, followed by the FeH absorption bands at 1.2 $\mu m$ and 1.24 $\mu m$ and the KI doublet at 1.24 $\mu m$., Comment: 23 pages, 19 figures. Accepted by A&A, SINFONI spectroscopic data will be made public on Vizier upon publication

Aims. The goal of this paper is to increase the membership list of the Chamaeleon star-forming region and the ϵ Cha moving group, in particular for low-mass stars and substellar objects. We extended the search region significantly beyond the dark clouds. Methods. Our sample has been selected based on proper motions and colours obtained from Gaia and 2MASS. We present and discuss the optical spectroscopic follow-up of 18 low-mass stellar objects in Cha I and ϵ Cha. We characterize the properties of objects by deriving their physical parameters from spectroscopy and photometry. Results. We add three more low-mass members to the list of Cha I and increase the census of known ϵ Cha members by more than 40%, thereby spectroscopically confirming 13 new members and relying on X-ray emission as youth indicator for 2 more. In most cases the best-fitting spectral template is from objects in the TW Hya association, indicating that ϵ Cha has a similar age. The first estimate of the slope of the initial mass function in ϵ Cha down to the substellar regime is consistent with that of other young clusters. We estimate our initial mass function (IMF) to be complete down to ≈0.03 M⊙. The IMF can be represented by two power laws: for M M⊙ α = 0.42 ± 0.11 and for M > 0.5 M⊙ α = 1.44 ± 0.12. Conclusions. We find similarities between ϵ Cha and the southernmost part of Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC A0), which lie at similar distances and share the same proper motions. This suggests that ϵ Cha and LCC A0 may have been born during the same star formation event

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) represents a serious health problem and is traditionally classified as an allergic disease, where contact with an antigen can induce clinical airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of the Th2 response in the lungs of human patients with asthma and horses with heaves. These cells are involved in the production of cytokines which regulate the synthesis of immunoglobulins. 40 horses were evaluated: 30 horses with RAO and 10 healthy animals. The expression levels of interferon-alpha 1 (IFN-α1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β, (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the serum obtained from control and RAO-susceptible horses during crisis. In all the patients, serum cytokine levels were detected. Serum median IL-13 and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in RAO-affected horses than in the healthy group (p < 0.001). The serum median IFN-α1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-α levels were similar in both groups. These results indicate a low variability of the levels of cytokines and a high frequency of their detection in serum samples from horses with RAO. Immune mechanisms involved in equine RAO are more complex than those defined by a simple Th1/Th2 dichotomy.

We have extended and refined the existing young stellar object (YSO) catalogs for the Orion A molecular cloud, the closest massive star-forming region to Earth. This updated catalog is driven by the large spatial coverage (18.3 deg$^2$, $\sim$950 pc$^2$), seeing limited resolution ($\sim$0.7$"$), and sensitivity ($K_s, 39 pages, 25 figures, Accepted for publication by A&A

Despite the consensus on the role of lung and pleura ultrasound in human medicine, veteri- nary medicine questions credibility of the pulmonary evaluation in ultrasound examination, based on the analysis of artifacts in animals with clinical signs of respiratory failure and possibility of pulmonary edema diagnosis with recognition of the degree of its severity. The study was conduct- ed on 47 animals (29 dogs and 18 cats) of different breeds, age and sex. In all of animals prior to the transthoracic lung and pleura ultrasound examination (TLPUS), all animals were subjected to a clinical examination and hematological blood test as well as chest radiography examination in three projections. Ultrasound imaging of the chest in each animal was performed at designated four defined segments. TLPUS in dogs and cats based on an analysis of artifacts allows recogni- tion of pulmonary edema, to the degree comparable to chest X-ray examination. The number of depicted B-lines artifacts is proportional to the degree of pulmonary edema. These results allow to reduce the number of radiographs and allow the shortening of the diagnostic process for pa- tients in life-threatening condition.

The irregular photometric variability of the triple system T Tauri has been puzzling since its discovery. A circumbinary disk around T Tau Sa and Sb can explain the recent brightness fluctuations of T Tau Sb, due to changes in extinction depending on the position of T Tau Sb in its orbit. The photometric variations and orbital motion of T Tau Sb indicate a position angle of the disk of ~30°. Combined with information from the literature, we estimate its inclination to be ~60° or more.

The aim of the study was to assess the macrostructure and the microstructure of the bladder and urethral mucosa in dogs with lower urinary tract disease as well as to evaluate the usefulness of the WHO/ISUP grading of invasive and non-invasive tumours of the bladder and urethral mucosa. The study was carried out on 37 dogs of different breeds and of both sexes, from 9 months to 15 years old. An urethrocystoscopy and a histopathological evaluation of mucosal biopsies were carried out in all the studied dogs. Cystitis was the most common disease noted during urethrocystoscopy. Chronic active inflammation of the bladder was the most common inflammatory lesion diagnosed in the histopathological examination, while the transitional cell carcinoma was the most common tumour of the bladder. Urethrocystoscopy proved to be a very useful tool in the assessment of macroscopic lesions in the bladder and urethral mucosa in dogs. We also evaluated the type and extent of microscopic inflammatory lesions in the bladder and urethral mucosa using the modified Sydney scale. The WHO/ISUP scale is very helpful in the histopathological classification of canine invasive and non-invasive proliferative lesions in the bladder and urethra.

The paper presents the method of manufacturing casts made of the IN-713C nickel superalloy using the wax lost investment castingprocess and silicon carbide chills. The authors designed experimental casts, the gating system and selected the chills material. Wax pattern,ceramic shell mould and experimental casts were prepared for the purposes of research. On the basis of the temperature distributionmeasurements, the kinetics of the solidification process was determined in the thickened part of the plate cast. This allowed to establish thequantity of phase transitions which occurred during cast cooling process and the approximate values of liquidus, eutectic, solidus andsolvus temperatures as well as the solidification time and the average value of cast cooling rate. Non-destructive testing and macroscopicanalysis were applied to determine the location and size of shrinkage defects. The authors present the mechanism of solidification andformation of shrinkage defects in casts with and without chills. It was found that the applied chills influence significantly the hot spots andthe remaining part of the cast. Their presence allows to create conditions for solidification of IN-713C nickel superalloy cast withoutshrinkage defects.

Orion A hosts the nearest massive star factory, thus offering a unique opportunity to resolve the processes connected with the formation of both low- and high-mass stars. Here we present the most detailed and sensitive near-infrared (NIR) observations of the entire molecular cloud to date. With the unique combination of high image quality, survey coverage, and sensitivity, our NIR survey of Orion A aims at establishing a solid empirical foundation for further studies of this important cloud. In this first paper we present the observations, data reduction, and source catalog generation. To demonstrate the data quality, we present a first application of our catalog to estimate the number of stars currently forming inside Orion A and to verify the existence of a more evolved young foreground population. We used the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) to survey the entire Orion A molecular cloud in the NIR $J, H$, and $K_S$ bands, covering a total of $\sim$18.3 deg$^2$. We implemented all data reduction recipes independently of the ESO pipeline. Estimates of the young populations toward Orion A are derived via the $K_S$-band luminosity function. Our catalog (799995 sources) increases the source counts compared to the Two Micron All Sky Survey by about an order of magnitude. The 90% completeness limits are 20.4, 19.9, and 19.0 mag in $J, H$, and $K_S$, respectively. The reduced images have 20% better resolution on average compared to pipeline products. We find between 2300 and 3000 embedded objects in Orion A and confirm that there is an extended foreground population above the Galactic field, in agreement with previous work. The Orion A VISTA catalog represents the most detailed NIR view of the nearest massive star-forming region and provides a fundamental basis for future studies of star formation processes toward Orion., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, high-quality version available at http://homepage.univie.ac.at/stefan.meingast/vision.pdf

This paper continues our study of the foreground population to the Orion molecular clouds. The goal is to characterize the foreground population north of NGC 1981 and to investigate the star formation history in the large Orion star-forming region. We focus on a region covering about 25 square degrees, centered on the $\epsilon$ Orionis supergiant (HD 37128, B0\,Ia) and covering the Orion Belt asterism. We used a combination of optical (SDSS) and near-infrared (2MASS) data, informed by X-ray (\textit{XMM-Newton}) and mid-infrared (WISE) data, to construct a suite of color-color and color-magnitude diagrams for all available sources. We then applied a new statistical multiband technique to isolate a previously unknown stellar population in this region. We identify a rich and well-defined stellar population in the surveyed region that has about 2\,000 objects that are mostly M stars. We infer the age for this new population to be at least 5\, Myr and likely $\sim10$\,Myr and estimate a total of about 2\,500 members, assuming a normal IMF. This new population, which we call the Orion Belt population, is essentially extinction-free, disk-free, and its spatial distribution is roughly centered near $\epsilon$ Ori, although substructure is clearly present. The Orion Belt population is likely the low-mass counterpart to the Ori OB Ib subgroup. Although our results do not rule out Blaauw's sequential star formation scenario for Orion, we argue that the recently proposed blue streams scenario provides a better framework on which one can explain the Orion star formation region as a whole. We speculate that the Orion Belt population could represent the evolved counterpart of an Orion nebula-like cluster., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication to A&A

Case report An 83-year-old male reported to the emergency room with red eye and ocular pain. The slit-lamp examination showed a central corneal perforation of 1 mm in diameter, with no associated infection or inflammatory process. The patient had no history of trauma. It was decided to apply a patch of Tachosil® at the site of corneal perforation. After 36 h of occlusion, a layer of fibrin covered the perforation, closing the defect. Successful healing of the corneal perforation was observed in the follow-up, with no recurrences of the process. Conclusions Tachosil® is collagen sponge with human fibrin and human thrombin used in cardiological and neurosurgical surgery for haemostasis and the occlusion of vessels and meninges. We present the first indication in ophthalmology of Tachosil® as an effective alternative in the treatment of sterile non-traumatic corneal perforations less than 1.5 mm in size.

Resumen Caso clinico Varon de 83 anos que acude a urgencias por dolor ocular en ojo derecho y enrojecimiento. En la exploracion se objetivo una lesion perforante corneal central de 1 mm de diametro sin proceso infeccioso o inflamatorio concomitante ni antecedentes traumaticos. Procedimos al cierre urgente del defecto, aplicando un parche de Tachosil® sobre la zona perforada. Tras 36 horas de oclusion un material fibrinoide ocluia la perforacion cerrando el defecto. En el posterior seguimiento no se presentaron recurrencias ni efectos adversos persistiendo el sellado completo del defecto. Conclusiones Tachosil® es una esponja colagena de fibrinogeno y trombina humanos utilizada para favorecer la hemostasia y la reparacion tisular en cirugias cardiacas, urologicas y neuroquirurgicas. Presentamos la primera indicacion oftalmologica de Tachosil® como una posible alternativa efectiva y de facil uso en las perforaciones corneales no traumaticas esteriles menores de 1,5 mm.

The main objective of this paper is to study and experimentally quantify the cam and follower wear mechanisms of a diesel direct valve-gear. Camshafts are made of nodular cast iron, surface hardened, ion nitrided and nitrosulphurized, and those made of grey chilled cast iron are mated with followers made of chilled grey cast iron and hardened steel. The investigation was carried out on a laboratory bench equipped with an engine head with a camshaft, followers and systems creating the conditions necessary for a routine run of the valve gear. Cam wear was defined by comparing the profile lifts of the cams. The height of the followers was measured using a coordinative measuring machine and a perpendicular optimeter. The rotational speed, valve displacement and the torque required by the valve gear were measured. Camshaft C9 and the thimble shaped followers with regulating plates F6 were also examined in a diesel engine. The effects of the materials the kinematic pair was made of, heat treatment and thermochemical treatment, the cams' own stresses at the moment-of-friction value, as well as the extent and nature of element wear, were analysed.

We compare APOGEE radial velocities (RVs) of young stars in the Orion A cloud with CO line gas emission and find a correlation between the two at large-scales, in agreement with previous studies. However, at smaller scales we find evidence for the presence of substructure in the stellar velocity field. Using a Friends-of-Friends approach we identify 37 stellar groups with almost identical RVs. These groups are not randomly distributed but form elongated chains or strings of stars with five or more members with low velocity dispersion, across lengths of 1-1.5~pc. The similarity between the kinematic properties of the APOGEE strings and the internal velocity field of the chains of dense cores and fibers recently identified in the dense ISM is striking and suggests that for most of the Orion A cloud, young stars keep memory of the parental gas substructure where they originated., 9 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A

An 83 year-old male reported to the emergency room with red eye and ocular pain. The slit-lamp examination showed a central corneal perforation of 1mm in diameter, with no associated infection or inflammatory process. The patient had no history of trauma. It was decided to apply a patch of Tachosil(®) at the site of corneal perforation. After 36 hours of occlusion, a layer of fibrin covered the perforation, closing the defect. Successful healing of the corneal perforation was observed in the follow-up, with no recurrences of the process.Tachosil(®) is collagen sponge with human fibrin and human thrombin used in cardiological and neurosurgical surgery for haemostasis and the occlusion of vessels and meninges. We present the first indication in ophthalmology of Tachosil(®) as an effective alternative in the treatment of sterile non-traumatic corneal perforations less than 1.5 mm in size.

A reliability simulator which predicts electromigration through high-level simulation is presented. Although the accuracy of the voltage and current waveforms is decreased, the rapid simulation allows larger ICs and longer input vectors to be simulated. The decreased accuracy in determining node voltages is traded against improved accuracy in modeling the input workload. Three applications which were not feasible with earlier approaches are described: (1) a bit-serial processor is simulated for a specific application, computing the impact of individual instructions on the overall reliability; (2) the relative probabilities of all possible electromigration failures in a 4-bit arithmetic-logic unit were used to weight the coverage of random testing for that chip to predict the actual coverage experienced in the field; (3) an experiment determined the influence of the order of application of vectors during burn-in on the effectiveness of a screening operation. >

In this paper, we present the results of multiple-fault fault simulation experiments which have been performed on ISCAS combinational [I] and sequential [2] benchmarks. Using test sets generated by a single stuck-at fault test generator [3], we performed symbolic fault simulation to determine multiple stuck-at fault coverage. Injecting all faults simultaneously, our fault simulation algorithm uses N-ary decision diagrams (NDDs) to determine the effects of the faults on the behavior of the circuit. A testing function is generated by comparing the outputs computed by the faultfree circuit and the circuit with faults activated. The coverage is then determined by computing the ratio of the size of the satisfying set of the testing function and the number of possible multiple-fault scenarios.

WCN 2013 No: 841 Topic: 3 — Stroke Perfusion computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute focal neurological symptoms: Ischaemic stroke vs. seizures K. Kubiak-Balcerewicz, U. Fiszer, E. Naganska, C. Siemianowski, A. Sobieszek, A. Witak-Grzybowska, A. Kosinska-Szot. Witold Orlowski Independent Public Clinical Hospital inWarsaw,Warsaw, Poland; Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland Background: Misdiagnosing stroke may lead to unnecessary thrombolytic therapy. There are contradictory reports about the role of perfusion computed tomography (PCT) in differentiating stroke and seizures as causes of acute focal neurological symptoms. Objective: To define the role of PCT in differentiating between those two conditions in acute setting. Patients and methods: The study covered 35–85 year old patients with acute focal neurological symptoms, who underwent PCT and EEG within 12 h after symptoms onset. Presumptive ischaemic focus would be revealed in non-contrast CT in the 3rd day after symptoms onset or, when no CT changes appeared, in MRI. Neurological status was evaluated according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Perfusion parameterswere set up as asymmetry indices for corresponding regions of brain hemispheres. EEG was described in a 5-stage scale. Results: Statistical analysis covered 17 patients with ischaemic stroke and 12 patients with focal neurological symptoms in the course of seizures. Those groups, taking potential effect of sex and age into account, were significantly statistically different for two parameters of PCT: MTT (mean transit time) and TTP (time to peak) in lateral middle cerebral artery territory (linear regression, p value b 0.05). TTP revealed to be the most significant parameter (logistic regression, p b 0.05). Analyzed groups were not significantly statistically different in NIHSS evaluation (T-test, p-value N 0.05) and EEG (Mann–Whitney test, p-value N 0.05). Conclusion: PCT may differentiate between ischaemic stroke and seizures as causes of acute focal neurological symptoms. Grant:No. 501-1-14-16-12—Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.953 Abstract — WCN 2013 No: 2626 Topic: 3 — Stroke The association of BclI gene polymorphism and −148C/T promoter β fibrinogen with plasma fibrinogen level in acute ischemic stroke WCN 2013 No: 2626 Topic: 3 — Stroke The association of BclI gene polymorphism and −148C/T promoter β fibrinogen with plasma fibrinogen level in acute ischemic stroke A.B. Baharuddin. Neurology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Concentrations of lead and cadmium in water of lakes located on agricultural and recreation areas have been analysed. Surveys were performed in summer and autumn 1988 and once more in 1993. Concentrations of both metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after chelation and extraction. Obtained results suggest that present concentrations of lead and cadmium are not very dangerous for analysed waters.

As the current trends in VLSI toward reduced feature size and accelerated clock rates continue, the reliability of VLSI circuits becomes an evermore important issue. For example, empirical studies have shown that as a technology undergoes constant-current scaling by a factor of α−1, the median time to failure due to metal electromigration will be diminished by a factor of α−2 [1]. In addition, an increase in clock rate requires that nodes be charged and discharged more rapidly, increasing the switching current in some technologies.

The building elements filled with polyurethane foam produced in Poland are called "Obornicka plate". The authors investigated the concentrations of p, p-diisocyanodiphenylmethane (MDI) vapours at workplaces and found considerably excessed TLV values. This would call for a prompt introduction of technological prophylaxis in the production of "Obornicka plate".

This paper reports on the results of studies on the influence of deformation degree and temperature in the die forging process and annealing temperature on fatigue strength of forgings made of two-phase, martensitic titanium alloys (Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6Al–2Mo–2Cr). Dilatometric and metallographic studies have been carried out along with fatigue tests. The influence of phase composition and microstructure obtained after cooling at different rates on fatigue strength has been determined.