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Abstract To carry out antitumor activity against cells that have lost surface antigens, human lymphocytes must have a certain repertoire of surface proteins capable of contacting a tumor cell and inducing programmed cell death in it. In this work, we showed that activation of healthy donor cells by IL-2 cytokine within 6 days causes the appearance of FasL, CD25, and LFA-1 proteins on CD8+CD25+ T lymphocytes, and also converts the LFA-1 protein into an active form having a high affinity for its target, ICAM-1 integrin. The appearance of these proteins on the surface of this subpopulation of lymphocytes allows them to induce programmed cell death in HLA-negative tumor cells.

The number of operations with the use of osteoplastic materials is increasing annually, which is explained by the increasing number of high-tech operations, reconstructive interventions for bone pathology, oncoorthopedics, bone deformities, as well as tissue defects resulting from combat trauma. Bone as an object of transplantation and is preferable because the use of bone tissue and materials made on its basis creates the necessary conditions for biological restoration of bone as an organ. The modern trend is the development of regenerative medicine technologies and the development of modified materials with improved and predetermined properties osteoplastic materials ceased to be static structures and their inertness gave way to functional activity. The article describes the basic advantages of bone tissue and allogenic osteoplastic materials for their prospective use in reconstructive and reconstructive surgery of the musculoskeletal system. Data on the experience in the use of donor bone tissues for homoplasy at the clinic of military traumatology and orthopedics of the Kirov Military Medical Academy are presented. The advantages of allogeneic decellularized tissues for use in clinical and scientific practice are considered. The importance of preserving the architecture of native tissue for successful bone transplantation is shown. Decellularization is a method that allows the removal of immunogenic agents from tissues and organs, including cells and residual DNA, preserving the natural composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix for the most effective use of allogeneic bone tissue. The use of decellularized allogenic bone tissue purified to a mineral-collagen matrix or demineralized is the most practical option among other osteoplastic materials when large bone fragments need to be replaced.

BACKGROUND: Whartons jelly of the human umbilical cord is one of the sources of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The cell population obtained from the postpartum biomaterial is characterized by high proliferative and regenerative properties. Isolation of a culture of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from the umbilical cord does not pose a threat to the health and life of the donor. AIM: Optimization of the technique for isolating a reproducible population of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from Whartons jelly is an urgent task in biomedicine, which can accelerate the process of obtaining donor cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, the main techniques and methods for isolating the culture of umbilical cord stroma cells were tested, the cultivation process was optimized to increase its efficiency and reduce the time of growth of cell biomass. The effect of the components of the nutrient medium on the cells obtained from Whartons jelly of the human umbilical cord was studied. Currently, there is no universal composition of the growth medium; in various studies, nutrient media from different manufacturers are used, which differ in composition. The most discussed issue is the selection of serum, which is part of the nutrient medium. RESULTS: In the work, a comparative evaluation of five different sera was carried out. It has been shown that the most stable physiological parameters are observed in cell suspension samples with the addition of FBS (SKPK, Russia) and FBS (Capricorn, USA) sera. A study of the effect of hypoxia on cell culture in combination with the most effective sera showed that hypoxic stress acts as an activator of primary cell proliferation. The assessment of the effect of serum and hypoxia on cell culture was carried out visually using microscopy, assessment of changes in cell morphology during cultivation, and the results of testing the action of sera by the intensity of respiration of free and immobilized cells under the action of inhibitors. CONCLUSION: As a result of the experiments, the influence of the type of serum on the initiation of cell expansion from primary explants and further cell proliferation in vitro was established. Hypoxia during exposure of primary explants enhances the expansion of cells from tissue fragments of Whartons jelly tissue.

Aim: to study the quality of life and the emotional state of patients with chronic pancreatitis on the background of postoperative hypothyroidism and the possibility of effective rehabilitation.Materials and methods. 270 patients with chronic pancreatitis were examined, among which 40 patients with primary postoperative hypothyroidism, who made up group 1, group 2 included 30 patients without thyroid pathology. Patients underwent a blood test according to the main biochemical parameters, hormonal blood count, ultrasound of the thyroid gland, hepatobiliary and duodenal zone. The study of quality of life and psychoemotional state by tests.Results In patients with chronic pacreatitis in combination with postoperative hypothyroidism among diseases of the hepatoduodenal zone, chronic non-calculous cholecystitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were identified that are clinically characterized by abdominal pain syndrome according to the GSRS questionnaire. Patients revealed mild depressive state, high levels of personal and situational anxiety. The quality of life of patients was reduced both in physical and in psychological components, due to indicators of role-playing physical and emotional functioning. Against the background of treatment with a combination of succinate-containing drugs, the severity of depression, situational and personal anxiety decreased, and role functioning due to physical and emotional state, social functioning increased.Conclusions: The use of combination therapy with sodium levothyroxine and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate in patients with comorbid pathology during postoperative hypothyroidism improves the clinical picture, psychoemotional balance and quality of life.

Background. The phenomenon of multilingualism and its impact on child development are in the spotlight of latter-day psychology, and of utmost importance both for theory and practice. Language development is a strong predictor of psychological readiness for school and further academic success. At the same time, children’s mastery of written and oral speech in school education in a multilingual environment has several distinctive features. This study was dedicated to examining the influence of executive functions on the development of the vocabulary aspects of speech (both active and passive vocabulary) of mono- and bilingual children growing up in a bilingual environment. Objective. We aimed to analyze the relationship between bilingualism and language development (vocabulary and verbal fluency) and determine which executive functions may help overcome the resulting difficulties at preschool age. Design. Both monolingual and bilingual children participated in the study (n=137 and n=81, respectively). The children’s ages ranged from 6 to 7 years (M=78.7 months, SD=5.87). Two independent General Linear Models (GLM) were built to define which executive functions influenced the vocabulary and verbal fluency of the mono- and bilingual subjects (controlling for age, gender, and non-verbal intelligence as well). Results. The results confirmed that bilingualism is negatively related to language development, but showed that verbal working memory significantly helps bilinguals compensate for difficulties in developing vocabulary and verbal fluency. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that the ability to preserve and reproduce verbal information was of more significance for children’s vocabulary and verbal fluency than their language group (mono- or bilingual).

Layered silicates, such as serpentine and vermiculite, have properties that make it possible to use materials based on them as components of environmental technologies. The possibility of soil remediation in industrially contaminated area, formed due to the long-term exposure to emissions from copper-nickel production (Monchegorsk, Murmansk region), was studied. Two materials were used as ameliorants in our study: expanded vermiculite and granular serpentine sorbent, a waste after using the purification technology of highly concentrated solutions from metals. These materials have a high sorption activity to several metals, a high specific surface area, the ability to retain moisture, and are available in quantities sufficient to work on the remediation of large areas. A study of the physicochemical properties of industrially polluted soil and ameliorants, direct phytotoxicity testing of podzol and its mixtures with expanded vermiculite and the serpentine sorbent (test plants - common oat Avna satva L. and red clover Trifolium pratnse L.) were carried out. The study results showed that the proposed materials were effective additives for increasing the pH of acidic soil, sorption and precipitation of Al and potentially toxic metals - Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, and improving the soil hydrophysical and agrochemical characteristics. A positive response of test plants to the introduction of ameliorants into industrially contaminated soil was noted.

During the pandemic that began in 2020, the role of the doctor has increased. The profession of a doctor can be attributed to the stressful for the personality of the doctor, and especially during the pandemic, when you have to work in particularly stressful conditions and with a greater load. The purpose of the study was to study the personality characteristics and burnout syndrome of health workers in the process of carrying out professional activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved health care workers working with COVID-19 patients and health care workers working with regular patients. As a result, data were obtained on the severity of emotional burnout in health workers of both samples. The results of the relationship between personal characteristics and symptoms of burnout syndrome in health workers were also presented.

The influence of structural features of three serpentine-group minerals (antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite) on the hydration of heat-treated materials and the formation of magnesium silicate binder has been studied. Initial serpentine samples have been fired in the interval 550–800 °C with a step of 50 °C; acid neutralization capacity (ANC) values have been determined for all samples. Antigorite samples (SAP) have exhibited a maximum reactivity at a temperature of 700 °C (ANC 7.7 meq/g). We have established that the acid-neutralizing capacity of chrysotile and lizardite samples in the temperature range of 650–700 °C differ slightly; the capacity varied in the interval of 19.6–19.7 meq/g and 19.6–19.7 meq/g, respectively. The samples obtained at optimal temperatures (antigorite—700 °C, lizardite, and chrysotile—650 °C) have been studied. Heat-treated serpentines have interacted with water vapor for a year; serpentine hydration has been investigated. The strength characteristics of the resulting binder agents were studied after 7, 28, 180, and 360 days. Upon hardening within 7 days, the strengths of the SAP and SCH samples have been almost the same (2.2 MPa), whereas this indicator for the SLH and SLK samples has been significantly lower (0.5 MPa). After hardening for over a year, the chrysotile sample SCH had the highest strength (about 8 MPa), whereas the strength of antigorite SAP was 3 MPa. The samples of initial, heat-treated, and hydrated heat-treated serpentines have been studied using XRD, differential scanning calorimetry, and surface texture analysis. The serpentine structure is crucial in destroying the mineral crystal lattice during heat treatment. In contrast to heat-treated chrysotile and lizardite, antigorite did not adsorb water. Structural features of chrysotile provided the highest compressive strength of the binding agent compared with antigorite and lizardite. The acid-neutralizing ability of lizardite was noticeably higher than antigorite, whereas its compressive strength was lower due to the layered mineral structure and impurities. We have established that the minerals’ structural features are crucial for the hydration of heat-treated serpentines; the structure determines material utilization in various environmental technologies.

The oil industry is a leader in the negative impact on all areas of the natural environment. Polluting the atmospheric air, soil, surface and underground waters, oil production processes expose the population living in the adjacent territory to the dangerous effects of xenobiotics. The reproductive system is the most sensitive to environmental problems.The aim of the studywas to identify the features of the intrauterine development of fetuses of women living in the territory of oil technogenesis in comparison with the fetuses of women living in a territory without it. A comparative assessment of the frequency of blastogenesis defects in the studied groups was carried out as a result of the analysis of embryological protocols of women who received infertility treatment using methods of assisted reproductive technologies. In order to assess the frequency and structure of defects in embryogenesis and fetogenesis, an analysis of cases of congenital malformations was carried out according to the data of the primary medical documentation of the Medical Genetic Consultation.The identification of differences in the development of embryos was determined by the Pearson agreement criterion. Assessment of statistically significant differences in indicators in the study of the frequency and structure of congenital anomalies in fetuses identified by ultrasound and in newborns, the structure of factors that influenced the mother during pregnancy, which could lead to the development of congenital anomalies and complications of the course of pregnancy, was carried out using t-Student's criterion. Defects of cleavage and blastulation of embryos of women in the observation group were revealed. It was found that the frequency of birth of children with congenital anomalies in the territories of oil technogenesis is statistically significantly higher than in the territories without it. In the observation group, congenital anomalies of the respiratory system detected by ultrasound examination of the fetus, congenital anomalies of the genitals, urinary organs, musculoskeletal systems, multiple malformations revealed antenatally are statistically significantly more common.

Работа посвящена особенностям становления и развития библиотечного дела в условиях Чувашской автономной области. Цель статьи – рассмотреть состояние библиотечного дела в Чувашии 1920-х гг. и основные направления деятельности изб-читален и библиотек в повышении образовательного и культурного уровня населения в рассматриваемый период. Статья написана на основе анализа широкого круга литературы по теме, статистических сборников, изучения и отбора материалов центральных и местных государственных архивов, основная часть которых вводится в научный оборот впервые. Выявлено, что в исследуемые годы сложились и были проверены на практике многие методы массовой работы, которые, совершенствуясь на последующих этапах в связи с новыми задачами, использовались и используются библиотеками и до настоящего времени: тематические книжные выставки, вечера рецензий, литературные вечера, вечера по обсуждению новых произведений художественной литературы, длительные массовые кампании по пропаганде актуальных книг и библиотеки среди населения и т. д. В заключении делается вывод о том, что библиотеки и избы-читальни в исследуемый период постепенно приобретали опыт культурно-просветительной работы: от механической выдачи книг, пассивного обслуживания читателей к поискам методов активной работы среди масс. К середине 20-х годов библиотеки и избы-читальни начали переходить на более оформленную и плановую работу., The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation and development of library management of the Chuvash Autonomous Region. The purpose of the article is to consider the state of library management in Chuvashia in the 20s of the twentieth century and the main activities of reading huts and libraries in raising the educational and cultural level of the population in the period under review. The article is written on the basis of a thorough analysis of a wide range of literature on the topic, statistical collections, the study and selection of materials from central and local state archives, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. It was revealed that in the years under study, many methods of mass work were developed and tested in practice, which, being improved at subsequent stages in connection with new tasks, have been used and used by libraries to this day: thematic book exhibitions, review evenings, literary evenings, evenings for discussion of new works of fiction, long-term mass campaigns to promote relevant books and libraries among the population, etc. It is concluded that libraries and reading rooms during the period under study gradually gained experience in cultural and educational work: from the mechanical issuance of books, passive service of readers to the search for methods of active work among the masses. By the mid-1920s, libraries and reading rooms began to switch to more organized and planned work.

Abstract One of the basic features of immune system is the ability to sustain balance between activation and suppression of effector lymphocytes. In this process a key role belongs to the subpopulation of cells called regulatory T cells (Treg). Many cancer and autoimmune diseases are caused by malfunctions of Treg, and investigation of this subpopulation is important for development of new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we demonstrate that regulatory T cells can migrate along the concentration gradient of Tag7–Mts1 complex, and also they produce agents that induce blood cells migration.

An investigation of innate immunity receptors sheds light on the mechanisms of inflammation and associated immune reactions. One of the key immune regulators is the TREM-1 receptor, which is involved in both inflammation and antitumor immune response. In this article, we have obtained a new ligand for the TREM-1 receptor. The peptide, named N3, is a part of the innate immune protein PGLYRP1/Tag7. It is responsible for activating the TREM-1 signaling pathway. Here, we have demonstrated that the N3 peptide acts like other TREM-1 receptor ligands: its binding results in a mild inflammation response and appearance of cytotoxic lymphocytes. We have shown that cytotoxic populations of lymphocytes in N3 peptide-treated PBMCs are similar to those treated with Tag7 or Hsp70. We also determined the part of the N3 peptide responsible for binding to TREM-1. The resulting peptide (N9) consists of nine amino acids and can be considered as a potential peptide that blocks TREM-1 signaling.

Multi-stage deposition of metals from a sulfate solution with a high concentration of iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, and nickel has been studied. The concentrations of the components correspond to the composition of the sub-basement waters of the Gaisky GOK. Granular magnesia-silicate reagent based on serpentinite (Khalilovsk magnesite deposit, the Orenburg region, Russia) has been used as an alkaline agent. The magnesia-silicate reagent's ability to reduce the acidity of solutions is due to the presence of products of destruction of the original serpentine mineral, mainly magnesium oxide. The results of the solutions multi-stage purification from metals simulation have been presented. It has been found that the reagent did not wholly exhaust its activity during a single contact with the solution. Therefore, the possibility of its repeated use for the 2nd and 3rd time has been studied. As the solution is neutralized according to the known pH range of the beginning and complete deposition of metal compounds, first iron, and then aluminum are deposited. For copper and nickel, the effect of co-precipitation is observed until the pH of precipitation of poorly soluble compounds is reached. Iron is the main component of precipitations at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages, which corresponds to pH = 2.4-3.7. At the 4th stage (pH = 4.0), the precipitations consisted mainly of aluminum compounds. The copper and nickel content in precipitations increase due to decreased concentration of major components (aluminum and iron) and a pH increase. The deposition of zinc from the solution occurs not to the precipitations, but on the granules surfaces. Precipitations enriched in aluminum and iron have been obtained. Sorption and co-precipitation processes have been observed for copper, zinc, and nickel, which prevents individual precipitation by these metals. Thermally activated serpentine minerals can be considered a promising alkaline reagent for technogenic solutions neutralization and purification.

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab in combination with the FLOT/FOLFOX regimen in the perioperative treatment of resectable HER2-positive locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods. 15 patients were included in two groups; 4 patients were treated with trastuzumab (Herticad®, BIOCAD) + FLOT and 11 patients were treated with trastuzumab (Herticad®, BIOCAD) in combination with FOLFOX. The primary endpoint was incidence of disease stage reduction, tumor regression rate (TRG), change in HER2 tumor status, disease-free and overall survival. Results. Тrastuzumab in combination with FLOT/FOLFOX has a good therapeutic effect and a safety profile in the perioperative treatment of patients with resectable HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (complete tumor regression [TRG1] was morphologically confirmed in 20% of patients, no pathomorphosis or minimal manifestations [TRG3/TRG4] in 40% of patients, in 40% of patients it was possible to achieve significant pathomorphological tumor regression [TRG2]). In addition, trastuzumab + FLOT gives better results in terms of tumor regression rate than FOLFOX + trastuzumab (cN+/ypN0 disease stage reduction in the T + FLOT group was 100%, whereas in the T + FOLFOX group it was only 30.0%). The HER2 status of the tumor changes against the background of preoperative PCT with the inclusion of trastuzumab (a loss of HER2/ neu protein overexpression was detected in 60% of patients).

The possibility of utilizing the used magnesia-silicate reagent as an active additive to foam silicates based on a silica-containing matrix was studied. Foamed materials with an ordered structure and improved physical and technical characteristics were obtained, which can be recommended for use as heat-insulating materials to increase energy conservation in adverse climatic conditions.

The paper presents the results of experimental and thermodynamic modeling of the interaction of magnesium oxide with zinc sulfate solutions, including in the presence of iron and aluminum. It has been shown that depending on the conditions, zinc is deposited as anoxide, carbonate, hydroxide, and basic salt. Iron and aluminum have a significant influence on the deposition of zinc.

The results of investigations into the kinetics of formation and decomposition of natural gas hydrates obtained from shaped ice using the thermocycling method are reviewed. These data make it possible to find the weight distribution, specific gas content, and features of decomposition of different hydrate shapes synthesized in a reactor.

The results of a study of melting the commercial waxes in the composition of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits and for comparison of petroleum waxes in multicomponent solvents of various nature are presented. It was found that with an increase in the amount of the aliphatic component in the solvent, the content of the crystalline phase in paraffin wax rises. Patterns in the variation of paraffin melting temperatures depending on the content of the crystalline phase were revealed. Recommendations for choosing an effective solvent for removing deposits under conditions of permafrost influence are suggested.

The relevance of the research is caused by the necessity to determine the residual resource of the equipment with a sufficient degree of accuracy and in various circumstances. The development of mathematical models for assessing the mechanisms of damage accumulation and the actual state of the equipment will allow predicting the development of changes in the state of the object, considering the established patterns of damage mechanisms, and determining the moment of occurrence of the limit state. The aim of the research is to propose a method for assessing the residual resource of heat exchangers, considering expert intuitive-logical analysis of the problem with a quantitative assessment of judgments and processing of results. Objects: heat exchangers, expert conclusions on heat exchangers used in oil refining. Methods: Kullback–Leibler informative model, showing the degree of informativeness of individual parameters to the degree of discrepancy between the two classes of objects, diagnosing residual resource for the development of corrosion damage, diagnosing residual resource of equipment related to changed parameters of its technical condition. Results. The paper sets the task to assess the service life of the heat exchanging equipment after diagnosing on the allowed technical parameters depending on the total effect of the parameters of the technical condition of the equipment for oil and gas processing and petrochemistry. 10 technical and technological indicators of heat exchangers were selected, and the evaluation was performed by using such an indicator as the residual service life of heat exchangers. The authors developed a mathematical model, calculated diagnostic coefficients and informativeness of the indicator for each period accepted by the expert. An algorithm for estimating the residual service life of heat exchangers based on the Kullback informativeness measure is proposed. Estimates of the residual resource, out of the constructed model are shown. Conclusions about the rationality of using the proposed algorithm for solving problems of this type are made.

Problem setting. The urgency of the problem is caused by the fact that active innovation processes occurring around the world, informatization of society and transformation of knowledge into a source of progress indicate that the profitability of entrepreneurial activity in a market economy to some extent depends on the ability to dispose of the results of human intellectual activity, hence the importance of intellectual property, their value is constantly increasing, which requires the implementation of a special mechanism for determining their value (appraisal). Analysis of recent researches and publications. In the scientific literature the scientists such as V.S. Drobyazko, P.M. Tsybulov, O.O. Horodov, I.M. Bieltiukova, O.M. Vinnyk, A.O. Kodynets, O.R. Kibenko, O.O. Tverezenko, V.S. Shcherbyna, I.YE. Yakubivskyy have made a significant contribution to the development of the issues on valuation of property rights of intellectual property. Target of research. To analyze the mechanism for assessing the value of such group of intangible assets as property rights of intellectual property and identify the features of this mechanism. Article’s main body. Appraisal activity is a complex institution. Appraisal of intellectual property requires the integration of the economic concept of value and the legal concept of property. But the intangible character (ideal nature) of intellectual property objects distinguishes them from other civil rights objects and becomes a certain obstacle when it comes to determining their value. When it comes to appraisal of objects of the intellectual property rights, such actions are subjected not to intangible (ideal) objects, but to exclusive property rights to them. However, the Law “On Appraisal of Property, Property Rights and Professional Appraisal Activity” considered of objects of the intellectual property rights as intangible assets that, in turn, along with things, securities, units form a broader category “property”. If the legislator had given the object of valuation the exclusive property rights and classified them as “property rights that could be valued”, it would be more in keeping with their nature. The Law “On Appraisal of Property, Property Rights and Professional Appraisal Activity” distinguishes between the market value of property and non-market types of property values (ie other types of value that are different from market value). As a general rule, the market value of objects is determined. Thus the value of property rights of intellectual property is determined by the approximate price of market demand for them. Appraisal activity is carried out in cases established by the legislation of Ukraine, international agreements, on the basis of the agreement, as well as at the request of one of the parties to the contract with the consent of the parties. The legislation defines cases when appraisal shall be mandatory. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The commercialization of intellectual property objects requires the implementation of a special mechanism for determining their value (appraisal), and the improvement of current legislation in appraisal activity field. Property rights of intellectual property belong to those, which have a monetary valuation, and must be carried out under the legislation. Valuation of property rights of intellectual property may take place, in particular, in the following cases: 1) defining the valuation of the exclusive rights transferred under the contract in intellectual property field, in particular the license contract, and defining the license fee base; 2) contribution the property rights of intellectual property to the authorized (composite) capital of certain types of companies; 3) using property rights of intellectual property in joint activities without the creation of a legal entity (including in the form of a common partnership); 4) the pledge of the property rights of intellectual property.

The study deals with structuring of the analysis of the politically orientated texts in order to identify the main ideological content at the linguistic level and its expression in the text. In the course of the research, the influence of linguistic and spatial-social factors is revealed. The linguistic expression of the content changes depending on the purposes of communication and the social group in which it is currently taking place. The lexical units in these texts are inextricably linked with the associative field of this culture carriers. The analysis of a political text conducted without taking into account these specifics will be incomplete. It can lead to distortion of the original meaning and misunderstanding. The study develops the criteria for linguistic objectification of the text ideological orientation. To confirm the objectivity of the information received the linguistic analysis of the politically orientated texts is carried out. The treaty between Germany and France concluded in 2019 in Aachen is under consideration. Its analysis specifies the implementation sequence of separate stages of the analysis of the political text taking into account its specifics and outlines the content of the politically oriented texts according to the scheme offered by the authors of the research.