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Abstract During skeletal muscle development, the intricate mitochondrial network formation relies on continuous fission and fusion. This process in larger mammals differs from rodents, the most used animal models. However, the expression pattern of proteins regulating mitochondrial dynamics in developing skeletal muscle remains unexplored in larger mammals. Therefore, we characterized the cellular expression and tissue‐level distribution of these proteins during development taking goat as a model. We have performed histological and immunohistochemical analyses to study metabolic features in various muscles. Neonatal muscles display uniform distribution of mitochondrial activity. In contrast, adult muscles exhibit clear distinctions based on their function, whether dedicated for posture maintenance or facilitating locomotion. Mitochondrial fission proteins like DRP‐1, MFF, and fusion proteins like MFN‐1 and 2 are abundantly expressed in neonatal muscles. Fission proteins exhibit drastic downregulation with limited peripheral expression, whereas fusion proteins continue to express in a fiber‐specific manner during adulthood. Locomotory muscles exhibit different fibers based on mitochondrial activity and peripheralization with high SDH activity. The proximity ligation assay between MFN1 and MFN2 demonstrates that their interaction is restricted to subsarcolemmal mitochondria in adult fibers while distributed evenly in neonatal fibers. These differences between postural and locomotory muscles suggest their physiological and metabolic properties are different.

L-asparaginase (ASNase) obtained from microbial origins is a significant enzyme in the commercial sphere, crucial for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the current investigation, we isolated ASNase through techniques involving ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE sepharose anion exchange column chromatography, revealing a molecular weight of 35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited its peak activity at pH 8 and 40°C, maintaining approximately 99% of its enzymatic effectiveness. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) were determined to be 0.0021 M and 714.3 µM/min, respectively. ASNase was found to be non-toxic on HEK293 cells and selectively effective against breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, Human lung cancer cell line, Neck squamous cells, and Human head carcinoma cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells exhibited remarkable responsiveness to ASNase, displaying an IC50 of 23 µg/mL. This led to observable changes in nuclear morphology indicative of apoptosis, as evidenced by DAPI and Annexin V-FITC staining. ASNase also showed cell migration potential on HEK293 cells. Streptomyces HB2AG ASNase’s dynamic functioning across pH and temperature ranges, as well as its stability at 40°C and cytotoxic potential, make it a promising pharmaceutical candidate for various applications.

The eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) in the materials science and engineering research field has a great attraction, especially molybdenum-based nanomaterials. Recently, molybdenum-based nanomaterials have become popular in various industrial sectors due to their versatile properties. The current study deals with the synthesis of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) NPs using Terminalia arjuna bark extract. The prepared sample is annealed at different temperatures such as 100, 300, 500, and 700 °C. These samples are characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, and XRD techniques. The XRD analysis of the MoO3 NPs prepared at 700 °C reveals an orthorhombic structure with better crystallinity. The sample is annealed at 700 °C subjected to SEM, EDX, and TEM analysis. EDX elemental analysis reveals the presence of Mo (84.43 wt.%) and O (15.57 wt.%). TEM image interpretation shows the cubic and spherical-shaped particles ranging from 50 to 600 nm. The different concentrations of (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/ml) MoO3 NPs tested for antibacterial application. Better activity is noted against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 5 mg/ml. The biocompatibility assessment of synthesized MoO3 NPs was evaluated against the model organism Artemia salina nauplii. As a result, none of the tested concentrations revealed the mortality of A. salina nauplii.

Polyclonal antibodies against Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum proteins were developed for the detection of rhizome rot in ginger using serological assays. Under optimal experimental conditions, the detection limit of P. aphanidermatum by indirect ELISA was 10 µg/ml with a linear working range from 5 to 100 µg/ml (R2 = 0.994). In case of F. oxysporum, the linear working range was 5–100 µg/ml (R2 = 0.991) and the limit of detection was 25 µg/ml. The developed antibodies showed the highest titer in ELISA at 1:2000 dilutions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified proteins ranging from molecular weights 15–97 kDa and 14–116 kDa of P. aphanidermatum and F. oxysporum isolates, respectively. In Western blot analysis, the developed antisera gave positive reactions against the isolated antigens of the fungi. The antibodies revealed immune-reactive bands of molecular weights 59 and 65 kDa in P. aphanidermatum and 44 and 75 kDa in F. oxysporum. The results suggest that the developed antibodies could be successfully applied for the specific immunodetection of P. aphanidermatum and F. oxysporum at an early stage of rhizome rot disease.

Edible medicinal plants Curcuma longa, Kaempferia galanga and Zingiber officinale are considered to be suitable for pregnant mother and neonates. Their essential oils are claimed to have therapeutic effects, yet its immunomodulatory activities need to be investigated. To validate the immunomodulatory effect, cord blood monocyte cells (CBMCs) treated with different concentrations of essential oils ranging from 0 to 40 µg/ml. K. galanga oil at 40 µg/ml concentrations upregulated IFN-γ at 49.23 pg/ml, while C. longa oil downregulated the IL-10 at 10.45 pg/ml showing immunostimulant activity on CBMCs. However, Z. officinale oil showed no significant result at any concentration. K. galanga and C. longa oils also showed an increase in lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The present study was aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory potentialities of essential oils which will attract the interest of researchers and pharmaceutical industries for clinical studies and other applications in the therapy of diseases related to neonatal infections.

Objectives: The epidemics of cholera were reported in the Kashipur, K.singhpur, B cuttack blocks of Rayagada district and Mohana block of Gajapati district of Odisha during 2010. The present study was carried out to isolate the bacterial pathogen, its drug sensitivity pattern and to describe the spread of the disease in those areas. Methods: A total of 68 rectal swabs collected from patients with severe diarrhea, admitted to different health centers and diarrhea affected villages were bacteriologically analyzed. Similarly 22 water samples collected from different villages from nala, chua, etc were tested for the presence of V cholerae. Results: Out of 68 rectal swabs tested 35 (51.5%) were V cholerae O1 Ogawa and 14(20.6%) were E coli; which might be commensals. All water samples were negative for V cholerae. The V cholerae strains were sensitive to gentamicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and ofloxacin; but were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, furazolidone, streptomycin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, neomycin and chloramphenicol. All V cholerae strains were 100% resistant to tetracycline and they were El Tor variants harboring ctxB gene of classical strain. Conclusions: The present study indicated the emergence and spread of tetracycline resistant V cholerae O1 El Tor variant in the tribal areas which needs close monitoring.

Momentum/reaction wheels are used in a spacecraft for the attitude control. They are used for the real time control of spacecraft attitude towards the desired direction as required by the mission. These are one of the few systems of a spacecraft which need to work continuously from the beginning to end of the mission. Thus the life of a space mission depends largely on the performance of the attitude control wheels. The common mode of failure in momentum/reaction wheel is mechanical and mostly related to the bearing and lubrication. This paper presents the design and development of a bearing cartridge assembly including the lubrication system for long-term performance of spacecraft attitude control wheels. The results of both theoretical and experimental analysis are presented. The experimental study of the assembly shows that it can perform continuously for a period of 30 years with reduced frictional losses.

Case Carburized (CC) low carbon steels containing Ni, Cr and Mo alloying elements are widely used for transmission gears in automobile, as it possesses desired mechanical properties. In order to cut cost and save scarce materials like Ni and Mo for strategic applications, steel alloyed with Boron has been developed, which gives properties comparable to Ni-Cr-Mo alloyed steel. In the process of steel development, care was taken to ensure precipitation of boron which results in precipitation hardening. The characterization of the developed boron steel had exhibited properties comparable to Ni-Cr-Mo alloyed steel and superior to conventional boron steel.

The humid climatic condition of the Koraput district of the eastern ghat of Odisha, India favors the growth of a diverse range of microbial and fungal strains, which not only lay scathing consequences on the environment but also prove to be beneficial in many industrial and biotechnological sectors. Hence, proper exploration of their roles and impacts is the necessity for an hour. With this goal, the present study reports on the identification and molecular characterization of the fungal strain collected from Koraput district of the eastern ghat of Odisha. The fungal strain was cultured, isolated, and identified using Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 18S rRNA-specific primers. The estimation of fungal biomass was carried out by taking the dry weight of fungal mycelia after 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours of inoculation, which showed an increase in biomass (in w/w) exponentially. The fungal isolate (CAR02) was identified as Rhizopus delemar with GenBank accession number OQ683833. The SDS PAGE protein analysis showed more intensified and concentrated multiple fungal protein bands ranging from 13 to 97 kDa. ELISA (Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay) was used to estimate the antigenicity of the isolated R. delemar proteins from soil samples of Koraput. The proteins of Pythium species with an absorbance value of 1.5 shared 50-60% of similar antigenic sequences with the R. delemar proteins. Hence, the findings of our investigation suggests that the obtained antigenic sequences could further be used to isolate its epitopic specific regions that are responsible for the rot infections, against which antibodies could be developed. Further study is required to explore the rot causing fungal diversity in the soil of eastern ghats which will be helpful in designing novel disease diagnostic strategies in agriculture sectors. Furthermore, this identified fungus can also be used to synthesize various enzymes that will aid in the production of commercially significant by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiments were conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18 crop seasons with twenty test clones viz., Co 0238, Co 0240, Co 06031, Co 09004, Co 11015, Co 13001, Co 13003, Co 13006, Co 13014, Co 13018, Co 13020, Co 13021, Co 14008, Co 14016, Co 14026, Co 15005, Co 15007, Co 15021, Co 16001 and Co 16002 along with three standards viz., Co 86032, Co 0212 and Co 06030 at Ponni Sugar Ltd, Odapalley. On the basis of pooled mean of two plant crop trials and a ratoon trial, clones such as Co 09004, Co 11015, Co 16002 and Co 13001 were identified as early high sucrose clones suitable for early crushing. These clones may be used as potential donors in the hybridization programme for transferring extra earliness and high sucrose trait in high yielding commercial varieties. Based on juice quality characteristics at 300 days and 360 days Co 15007 was identified as mid-late maturing clones. The ratoon performance of Co 14016 was excellent. Co 14016 which recorded significantly higher cane yield (184.72 t/ha) and sugar yield (23.17 t/ha) than the standard Co 86032 (134.02 and 17.73 t/ha respectively) may be used as a parental source for crossing with extra early maturing varieties to improve cane yield and ratoon performance. On the basis of the cane yield and sugar yield at harvest, Co 13014 and Co 15007 were found better than Co 86032. Based on the juice quality traits, Co 15005 and Co 15007 were identified as typical mid-late clones. The variety Co 11015 registered 6.79, 7.56 and 7.02 per cent improvement in sucrose % at 240, 300 and 360 DAP, respectively over Co 86032 which is a remarkable improvement in sugarcane. The mean CCS yield (19.27 t/ha) of Co 11015 was at par with that of the standard Co 86032 (20.54). Therefore, large scale cultivation of this extra early high sugar variety Co 11015 in the north-western region of Tamil Nadu is suggested for improving sugar recovery and profit of the farmers.

This paper explores the utilization of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms to empower visually impaired individuals, enabling satisfactory movement in their daily lives. The research focuses on enhancing the lives of the visually impaired by addressing challenges they face in unexpected situations. In today's highly technological society, the need for independent living is crucial, especially for visually impaired individuals who often experience social exclusion detection of objects, facial based recognitions, emotion based recognitions, currency based recognitions, web type automations, screen readings & emergency callings, we enhance the quality of life for the visually impaired. Implemented through ML, DL, speech to text & vice-versa, Selenium based web type automation frameworks, these technologies empower individuals to effectively adapt and respond to their environment… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]