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The present experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2016-2017 at College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem to assess the impact of mutagens on mutagenicity like Mutation frequency on M1 population basis, Mutagenic effectiveness, Mutagenic efficiency and Frequency of albino, xantha and chlorina mutants in turmeric. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice under open field conditions. Rhizomes are treated with gamma rays (25 Gy and 50 Gy) and EMS (250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm) along with control. Maximum mutagenic frequency, effectiveness and efficiency was observed in25 Gy, 250 ppm EMS and combination of 25 Gy + 250 ppm EMS and minimum was recorded in 50 Gy gamma rays, 1000 ppm EMS and combination both 50 Gy + 500 ppm EMS and 50 Gy + 1000 ppm EMS .

Experiments were conducted for two consecutive years during 2017-19 to study the effect of organic manures, PGPR and micronutrients on yield and quality of ajwain seed. Farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost (VC) were used as organic sources at 50% and 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) as basal dose. PGPRs namely Azospirillum lipoferum, Bacillus megaterium and Frateuria aurantia were used for seed priming. Micronutrients namely ZnSO4 and Fe2SO4 were applied thrice as foliar application @ 0.5% first before flowering, second at 50% flowering and third during grain formation. The results revealed that highest number of umbels plant-1, umbellets umbel-1, number of fruits umbellet-1, seed yield plant-1, seed yield hectare-1, straw yield, biological yield, test weight of seeds and essential oil yield were recorded with the application of 50% RDN through VC, which was on par with 50% RDN through FYM, seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc with respect to their individual effect. Maximum essential oil content, fixed oil content and thymol content were also observed in case of application of 50% RDN through VC, seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc individually. Highest Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of 3.33 was recorded with combined application of 50% of RDN through FYM along with seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar spray of Zn at 0.5%. The integrated use of organic manures, PGPRs and micronutrients could also exert significant influence on yield and quality of Ajwain. It was observed that highest seed yield, yield attributing characters and essential oil yield and quality parameters were recorded with combined application of 50% of RDN through vermicompost along with seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc which was statistically on par with application of 50% of RDN through FYM along with seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc.

Hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) based system is mainly a risk based preventive approach developed to increase food safety assurance level from farm. This program deals with control factors affecting the process and product. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 101 farmers in the adopted villages, covering 134 crossbred dairy cows. The baseline data indicated that based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) the incidence of clinical and subclinical mastitis in crossbred cow was 8.21 and 44.78% respectively. The risk factors associated with the incidence of mastitis were parity, level of milk yield, udder hygiene, udder shape, teat length, teat-tip-to-ground distance, animal housing conditions, milking management, post-milking time taken by the animal for lying down, a long gap in tail hair clipping. CCPs identified and developed plan may be suitable for customized and implementation on small-holder dairy farms. This is a logical, effective and systemic approach for control of incidence of mastitis, improve the udder health status and milk quality.

The present investigation entitled Effect of plant geometry and nutrition on yield and quality parameters of transplanted ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague) in the red loamy soils of Andhra Pradesh. was carried out at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during Rabi 2017-2018. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with 18 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments include plant geometries 30 cm x 20 cm, 45 cm x 20 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm at six fertilizer levels i.e. 75% RDF (15: 30:15 NPK kg hectare-1), 100% RDF (20: 40:20 NPK kg hectare-1), 125% RDF (25: 50 :25 NPK kg hectare-1), 150% RDF (30: 60: 30 NPK kg hectare-1), 175% RDF (35: 70: 35 NPK kg hectare-1), and 200% RDF (40: 80: 40 NPK kg hectare-1). Among the different fertilizer levels and plant geometry more number of umbels per plant (189.33), number of umbellate per plant (20.00), number of seeds per umbel (165.67), number of seeds per umbellate (19.00), number of seeds per plant (24.05 thousand) at 200% RDF with plant geometry 45 cm x 20 cm. However, the number of days taken to 50% flowering (55), days taken from flowering to transplanting (115), test weight (1.50 g) and seed yield per plant (7.40 g) were found significant and also maximum with the fertilizer levels 200% RDF with plant geometry 30 cm x 30 cm, but seed yield per hectare (1150.86 kg ha-1) found significant at 200% RDF with plant geometry 30 cm x 20 cm. Among the quality parameters essential oil content (3.25%) was found significantly more with 200% RDF with plant geometry 45 cm x 20 cm. Protein content (19.03%) was found significantly higher at 200% RDF with plant geometry 30 cm x 20 cm.

Background: Maize (Zea mays) grain sprouts (MGS) can be a potential source of green fodder for ruminants, especially when there is scarcity of land and water. Nutritional value of MGS grown with hydroponic technique was assessed for nutrient utilization, blood biochemical profile, immunity and growth performance in lambs. Methods: The MGS were produced in a polyhouse and harvested on 10th day and subjected to rumen in vitro incubation for gas production (RIVIGP) test to predict metabolisable energy (ME) value. The feeding cum growth trial was conducted for 120 days. Eighteen healthy male lambs of 3-4 months age and comparable body weight were randomly allotted in a complete randomized design to three dietary groups of six in each. The control (T1) group lambs were fed conventional green fodder (CGF), finger millet straw (FMS) and compounded feed mixture (CFM) at 50:10:40 ratio on DM basis, In treatment group two (T2), proportion of CGF and CFM was reduced by 50% and substituted with 45% MGS on DM basis (CGF, FMS, CFM and MGS on total DM basis was in 25:10:20:45 ratio, respectively). In treatment group three (T3), CGF was completely replaced with MGS (80%) and CFM was reduced to 25% of control (CGF, FMS, CFM and MGS on total DM basis was in 0:10:10:80 ratio, respectively). Result: Results indicated that MGS has ME (MJ/kg DM) of 9.70. The average DM intake (g/d/lamb) in T1, T2 and T3 groups was 764, 581 and 398, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG, g) in T1, T2 and T3 groups was 77.3, 48.5 and 20.9, respectively. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in DMI and ADG with reduced feed efficiency in lambs fed MGS. However, the per cent digestibility of nutrients, blood biochemical profile, immunity and serum minerals in lambs did not differ among the groups. It is concluded that replacement of compounded feed mixture or conventional green fodder with MGS will limit the dry matter intake, net nutrient availability and negatively affect the growth performance in lambs.