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The United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service (USDA AMS) began publishing formula base price information in August 2021. Considerable variation in the types of cattle priced via formula has raised questions about the level of base price transparency that can be gleaned from formula base price reports. This study employs 6 years of transactions to estimate hedonic models assessing the capability of existing data to describe variation in formula base prices. Results suggest factors beyond those reported to USDA AMS by packers influence base prices. We offer suggestions for improved data collection to make hedonic modeling of base prices more effective for reporting market information.

Nearly 50% of adults under age 29 report using some form of online dating to find sexual partners or romantic relationships. Limited evidence suggests online and offline dating behaviors and experiences can vary. We aimed to expand understanding these differences by examining how attachment styles are associated with online and offline search for partners and emotional responses to sexual experiences. In a sample of single adults (N = 247; M(age)= 27.34), we examine how attachment styles relate to individual differences in how people search for partners and respond to sexual experiences with partners met online and offline. Individuals high in attachment anxiety reported higher use of online dating apps and more negative experiences (e.g., lower satisfaction, more guilt) following their most recent sexual encounters with partners met online and offline, and reported feeling more used after engaging in sexual activity specifically with partners met offline. Individuals high in avoidance also reported more negative experiences following their most recent sexual encounters, but only with partners met offline. This study moves our understanding by highlighting nuances in how attachment insecurity is associated with differences in online dating app use and emotions following sexual experiences when meeting partners online and offline.

Background Sláintecare advocates for right care, in the right place at the right time. ANPs for Older Persons in the community are uniquely placed to deliver care as close as possible to the older person’s home and to lead a holistic, flexible model of care minimising admission to acute care and maximising existing local resources. A pilot programme aimed at providing ANP led comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) (with Geriatrician support) to older people in a defined area commenced in June 2019. This pilot was part of a larger Hub and Spoke model funded by Sláintecare which gave additional MDT support. Methods A referral template was designed. Criteria for referral included; age > 75 years, Rockwood Frailty Scale 4–6 (focusing on Falls, Cognitive Impairment and Complex Frailty). Older people on the cusp of requiring long term care (LTC) were also prioritised. A prospective database of patients was maintained by the ANP to evaluate the service. Results From June 2019 to August 2021, 156 patients received an ANP led CGA, mostly conducted in the home. 247 reviews were conducted at the local spoke clinic and 46 joint ANP/Geriatrician home visits. Majority of referrals were from GP (n = 69), hospital (n = 30), LTC reviews (n = 22) and Community Nursing Units (CNUs) (n = 19). 449 outpatient appointments have been removed from the tertiary referral centre. Independent case load management from the ANP includes further appointments, telephone follow up/advice and she is a point of contact where crises arise before referral to acute services. 99% of patients surveyed reported satisfaction with the service especially the ease of local access and home visits. Conclusion Older Persons’ ANP can provide longitudinal care pathways for older adults in the community in conjunction with ICPOP and local CNUs, intervening before crises emerge and providing continuity of care and an alternative to acute care.

Background In September 2019 Sláintecare helped establish an Integrated Care team for Older People. The aim of this service was to provide a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to older people within a community network. Service user experience/feedback are critically important for development of a team and a service. To give service users a platform to evaluate the service a patient experience survey was conducted. Methods The survey was designed by the multidisciplinary team, consisting of 13 closed/3 open questions. A Likert scale was utilised for closed questions and thematic analysis for open questions. A question on impact of COVID-19 was also included. 150 of the 950 service users who received a CGA from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected randomly and invited to participate in the postal survey. All participants received a covering letter, questionnaire and a stamped address envelope to return their completed surveys. Results 47% response rate (71/150). 77% were aged ≥75. 52% completed the survey themselves, 48% required assistance. 61% attended more than twice and most would prefer to attend a local spoke clinic. 96% agreed/strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the service. 99% felt they were treated with dignity/respect and had confidence in the service. 93% agreed that they were involved in care decisions. 82% reported their carers had the opportunity to discuss concerns. Themes emerging included importance of care close to home, avoiding acute hospital, difficulty parking at tertiary centres. 42% highlighted isolation and loneliness due to COVID-19 as a major issue. Conclusion Service users had an overwhelmingly positive experience especially when care was delivered in clinics close to their homes. Development of the hub and spoke model is acceptable and feasible to older people and their carers’ in this region and will be the focus for expansion of this service.

Jose Clemente Orozco’s 1935 lithograph depicting drunken and dancing “Indians” in a Mexican plaza is analyzed through the lens of performance studies as a theatrical scenario that restages colonial...

The HERMES III accelerator is an 18–20-MeV linear induction accelerator constructed at Sandia National Laboratories in the late 1980s and which continues operation to this day. As part of recent modernization efforts, the laser triggering system on the accelerator has been replaced with a newly designed solid-state system. This system consists of ten Nd:YAG lasers, each having a nominal output energy of 40–45 mJ at a wavelength of 266 nm. The beam from each laser is split such that it triggers two of the Rimfire gas switches on the accelerator. Compared to the previous laser triggering system, this arrangement makes it possible to more readily tailor the final output pulse shape, and the overall reliability of this key accelerator system is now improved. The design of the new laser triggering system is presented here, along with details pertaining to the energy budgeting, optical beam paths, and electrical triggering of the lasers. The initial operational data from the HERMES III accelerator using this new triggering system are also presented.

Parents want their children to be happy, educated, and successful, but are these goals related? People assume that success leads to happiness, but research on adults supports a reverse conceptualization: Happy people are more successful. Is happiness during childhood also linked to later success? Across the lifespan positive affect is linked with expanded cognitive abilities, learning, and resource building that can be adaptive and useful such that it leads to more success. Conversely, ongoing negative affect can reduce opportunities for growth and learning. Thus, happiness at any age may predict future success. Yet, no research has examined if positive and negative affect during infancy predicts childhood cognitive abilities and adult academics success. In a community sample, I hypothesized that higher infant positive affect (but not negative affect) would predict higher childhood cognitive abilities (i.e., IQ) and adult academic success (i.e., education attainment) in a 29-year study (n = 130). Positive affect, but not negative affect, during infancy (age 1.5), directly predicted higher childhood IQ (ages 6-8) and higher educational attainment (age 29), even after controlling for family socioeconomic status and infant intelligence. Childhood IQ partially explained the link between positive affect during infancy and adult educational attainment. This study advances understanding of how happiness during infancy (before formal education has begun) is linked to gold standard indicators of cognitive abilities and adult academic success. Parents, educators, and policymakers may want to place a higher value on early affective experiences when considering educational success. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): EU Horizon 2020 SME Instrument. Background Epicardial ganglionated plexi (GP) play a significant role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. However, modulation of this effect, through GP ablation, has had limited success; outcomes being confounded by unnecessary atrial tissue ablation and inability to access and ablate all of the atrial GPs. Selective pulsed field ablation (PFA) of GPs, using epicardial access, provides the opportunity to better identify the role of GP ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Purpose This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of selective GP ablation in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It was hypothesized that GP ablation would provide an acute extension of atrial tissue refractoriness, which constitutes its antiarrhythmic effect. Methods Using a monopolar, monophasic PFA system, atrial GPs were ablated in nineteen patients with or without atrial fibrillation, undergoing CABG. The Oblique Sinus GP, Right Superior GP, Transverse Sinus GP, Left Superior GP and Ligament of Marshall GP were each ablated with up to sixty PFA pulses of 1000 V amplitude and 100 µs pulse width. Atrial Effective Refractory Period (AERP) was measured before and after all GP ablations, at the left atrial appendage (LAA) and on the right atrium (RA). Patients were monitored through to discharge for post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Results Complete ablation of the GPs was performed in nineteen patients (aged 63.4 ± 6.6 years, 63.1% male) immediately after sternotomy. Electric field pulses were ECG-gated, with energy delivery during the ventricular refractory period. All GP sites were successfully accessed and ablated; all patients progressed immediately to their planned elective surgery and were discharged on schedule. Procedure time, for all GP ablations and AERP measurements was in the range 35-45 minutes. Thirteen valid pre- and post-ablation datasets were obtained. AERP (LAA and RA combined) increased upon GP ablation on average by 23% (220 ± 46 ms pre-ablation versus 269 ± 59 ms post-ablation, p = 0.002). Four patients experienced POAF; there was no evident correlation between POAF and AERP data. Only three of the enrolled patients had a prior history of AF; none of these exhibited AF on 24-hour Holter monitoring at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions Selective epicardial PFA of GPs is feasible and safe. An acute increase in atrial tissue refractoriness is promising but further studies are required to see how this translates to longer term outcomes in symptomatic AF patients and in a percutaneous epicardial access setting.

Parents often hope for their children to be happy and to have high self-esteem, but little research has compared how these two constructs are related to long-term self-esteem and life satisfaction. Although self-esteem and positive affect are related, positive affect can be experienced independent of self-worth so it may not have the same limitations associated with self-esteem. We expected that over longer periods the benefits of self-esteem may be due to the positive affect that is a constitutive part of self-esteem. Using longitudinal data (n = 112) across 13 years, we compared age 16 self-esteem and positive affect as predictors of age 29 self-esteem and life satisfaction. Results indicated that only adolescent positive affect predicted adult self-esteem and life satisfaction; adolescent self-esteem did not predict either adult outcome. These findings suggest that positive affect may build key resources that adolescents carry into adulthood. Findings also indicate additional need for longitudinal comparisons of positive affect and self-esteem.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the relationships between grain farm and farmer profiles and their respective choices to use forward pricing techniques and revenue protection crop insurance to manage risk.Design/methodology/approachAn e-mail survey of Midwestern grain farmers elicited farmer demographic information, farm profile, risk attitudes and farmer use of forward pricing and revenue protection insurance. Responses regarding use of risk management tools were compiled as choices to use possible bundles of tools to account for simultaneous nature of the decision. Choices to use bundles of tools were used as the independent variable categories in a multinomial logit regression. Regressors were relevant data collected from the survey.FindingsFarm size, using a market advisory service, and being a technology adopter are the most important factors in predicting risk management tool use by grain farmers. Farmers tend to use forward pricing and revenue protection insurance in combination. Large farms are more likely to use forward pricing tools.Practical implicationsResults provide researchers, extension professionals and risk management specialists with a current understanding of how farm and farmer characteristics relate to use of risk management tools. The authors also elaborate on findings to provide guidance for future risk management research.Originality/valueThe survey covered 9 Midwestern states and 648 grain farmers. The survey results update understanding of grain farmers’ risk management practices. The empirical approach treats risk management decisions to use available tools as simultaneous, which recent literature suggests is more appropriate than earlier approaches.

We describe a direct electro-optical approach to measuring a strong 118 MV/m narrow pulse width (~33 ns) electric field in the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) of a pulsed power accelerator. To date, this is the highest direct external electric field measured electro-optically in a pulsed power accelerator, and it is between two to three orders of magnitude higher than values reported in comparable high energy scientific experiments. The MITL electric field is one of the most important operating parameters in an accelerator and is critical to understanding the properties of the radiation output. However, accurately measuring these high fields using conventional pulsed power diagnostics is difficult due to the strength of interfering particles and fields. Our approach uses a free-space laser beam with a dielectric crystal sensor that is highly immune to electromagnetic interference and does not require an external calibration. Here we focus on device theory, operating parameters, laboratory and pulsed power accelerator experiments as well as challenges that were overcome in the measurement environment.

This chapter charts the drafting, development and eventual deletion of Article 44.1 of the Constitution, which enshrined the ‘special position’ of the Catholic Church in Irish law. It considers the history of the drafting process, and the role of Article 44.1 in the Constitution and public debate. Article 44.1 was the subject of much public discussion in the 1950s, with Catholic social movements such as Maria Duce advocating for a fundamentalist Catholic provision. By the mid-1960s, that position was faltering in the face of a more liberal approach. The chapter concludes by considering the amendment to remove the ‘special position’ of the Catholic Church in 1973, a proposition which, in contrast to the debate in the preceding decades, attracted overwhelming support across the political spectrum.

U.S. live cattle markets have experienced dramatic shifts in marketing methods over the past two decades, changing the way live cattle prices are discovered. We identify relationships between prices of the five major live cattle marketing regions using Granger causality and directed graph analysis. The two approaches complement each other and reveal that interweek and intraweek price discovery roles for given markets differ. Evidence indicates that Colorado, though a minor market in terms of relative volume, has become an important source of interweek price information to other markets.

Nine years of experience teaching economics in the Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan provides knowledge on the nuances and challenges of teaching economics across cultures. Particular categories an...

In our fall 2017 issue, art historian Alexander Nemerov explored a question of vital interest to this journal and its readers: How might we describe the relationship between artworks and archives? ...

We develop a dynamic economic model based on contemporary understanding of learning and motivation. The model and resulting comparative static analysis show the instructor's role in providing a productive learning environment. Instructors should set the complexity of course assignments and assessments to be consistent with student preparedness. Learning is enhanced when the rate of change in challenge is based on the rate of change of how rapidly students are learning. Instructors steer students toward a productive trajectory with tasks that cause students to work hard and by consistently providing feedback and fostering a culture of learning.

This article explores the “agency of display” by analyzing key moments in the exhibition of popular art in Mexico’s museums from the immediate postrevolutionary period through the neoliberal dismantling of the welfare state. It explores how the consumption of popular art has been rationalized in and through exhibitions to track the shift in state discourses regarding what constitutes citizenship at different historical moments. Situated within contemporary debates over the citizen-consumer, this article shows that popular citizenship and the consumption of popular art have always been linked while also acknowledging that the advent of social liberalism marks a distinct and highly paradoxical transformation of relations of state, society, and economy in Mexico. To that end, the article concludes by analyzing displays of popular art in the revised ethnographic galleries, a temporary exhibition by the Fondo Nacional de Fomento a las Artesanias, and the gift store at the National Museum of Anthropology.

In this essay, I trace the Great Masters of Mexican Folk Art exhibition from its inception in a privatized programme managed by the transnational bank Banamex through its multiple instantiations wi...

This article examines the influence of imperial law, law outside the UK but within the British Empire, on the development of British constitutional law in the interwar period. It first looks at public law within the universities. Four foundational textbooks in British public law are then analysed to assess the extent to which the academic exposition of constitutional law was influenced by imperial law. The influence of imperial law on the areas of liberty/habeas corpus and citizenship is then considered. The article concludes by re-examining the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy and argues that Dicey accepted a variant of the ‘manner and form’ objection in the final edition of his textbook completed before his death.

This volume is an account of the early periods of South Asian constitutional governance in the aftermath of the Second World War. It deals with a number of jurisdictions as a matter of historical a...