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Medium-frequency (mid-frequency) vibration analysis of complex structures plays a prominent role in automotive, aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering. Flexible beam structures displayed by the traditional Euler–Bernoulli pillar hypothesis have been broadly utilized in different designing issues. A kinematic speculation made in the Euler–Bernoulli shaft hypothesis is that the plane areas of a pillar typical to its impartial pivot remain planes after the bar encounters twisting disfigurement, which ignores shear deformity. The expanded DTFM decides the recurrence reaction of a bar structure in a careful and insightful structure, in any recurrence locale covering low, center, or high frequencies. In the mean time, the proposed technique gives the nearby data of a bar structure, like uprooting, shear misshapening, bowing second and shear power at any area, which in any case would be extremely challenging with energy-based strategies. amplifiers by and large accept that a confined main thrust can spread energy uniformly across the outside of a board. Notwithstanding, examinations have shown that board vibrations stay confined around the driving point at high frequencies, Energy spreading will possibly happen when the board is incited in a recurrence district with a low thickness of modes, as numerous modes impelled together will join to frame a band-restricted delta work at the area of the main impetus. A quantitative proportion of limitation is presented, in light of the proportion of the energy contained in a little locale around the driving point to the energy contained in the whole board. Analyses show that the limitation transcends a basic recurrence, and this basic recurrence connects well with forecasts of the great recurrence plate district utilizing standard modular cross-over measurements.

Increase in energy requirement has lead to the development of new energy storage devices for the movement of vehicles. This paper categorises the various types of vehicles with different intensities of hybrids based on degree of hybridisation. The parameters which depend on the performance of the battery are shallow cycle life, high dynamic charge acceptance for sturdy for regenerative braking and sturdy life of the battery. Lead Acid battery either liquid or absorptive glass fibre is expected to work with 14 V systems for micro hybrids with low cost battery maintenance system for increasing applications.. Advanced latest batteries are considered for mild or medium hybrid once they have proven the worthiness under real operating conditions under dynamic responses. NiMH and Li-ion batteries are dominating current and potential battery for high functionality HEVs. Li -ion offers an attractive opportunity for improvement in performance and cost. Super capacitors are considered for power applications where in the variation of signal is in the pulse form. Specific attention is given to system integration of the battery and advance technology during vehicle integration. In this paper there are various opportunities and challenges in obtaining a potential battery pack.

Background: For conservation of breeds and faster multiplication of superior germplasm in a short period, ovum pick-up- In vitro embryo production (OPU-IVEP) in combination with embryo transfer (ET) can be a viable alternative to the multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of FSH stimulation on follicular population, oocyte recovery rate and in vitro maturation of oocytes collected by ovum pick-up in Sahiwal cows. Methods: Sixteen Sahiwal cows aged 3-6 years were randomly divided into two groups. Animals in group 1 (Non-stimulated, n=8) were subjected to ovum pick-up (OPU) twice at 96h interval at random stage of estrous cycle. Animals in group 2 (FSH stimulated, n=8) were subjected to FSH prestimulation (Follitropin-V, 200 mg i/m in 3 tapering doses 100, 60, 40 mg) prior to OPU 1 and with a duration of 96 hrs interval OPU 2 performed. Result: There was significant difference (p less than 0.05) observed between FSH stimulated and non-stimulated group in mean number of follicles available for aspiration (15.31±1.56 and 6.88±0.55, respectively), mean number of oocytes recovered (4.94±0.70 and 3.25±0.40, respectively), cumulus cell expansion rate (92.95 and 83.7% respectively) and 1st polar body extrusion rate (74.64 and 67.44%, respectively). In conclusion, 200 mg of FSH stimulation with decreasing dose prior to OPU increased the follicular population and increased more number of medium and large follicles available for aspiration. FSH pre-treatment also improved the mean number of oocyte recovery and maturation rate compared to non-stimulated group.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of thyroxin (T 4 ), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) individually or in combination on in vitro development of goat fetal preantral follicles (PFs). PFs (100–300 μm) were isolated from the fetal ovaries of more than 125 days of gestation and cultured for a period of 6 days. The development of the cultured PFs was assessed by the proportions of follicles exhibiting growth, increase in diameter, antrum formation, and extrusion of oocytes in vitro , if any. In the first experiment, PFs were cultured in tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with different individual concentrations of T 4 (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/mL), FSH (1, 2 and 4 μg/mL), GH (1, 2 and 4 mIU/mL), EGF (10, 25 and 50 ng/mL) and IGF-I (10, 15 and 20 ng/mL). The proportion of PFs exhibiting growth, increase in diameter and antrum formation were highest when the PFs were cultured at T 4 :1 μg/mL, FSH:2 μg/mL, GH:1 mIU/mL, EGF:25 ng/mL or IGF-I:10 ng/mL. Among the different individual concentrations of growth factors and hormones, the extrusions of oocytes from cultured PFs were observed only in GH and EGF supplemented media. In the second experiment, the effect of different combinations of the above and hormones and growth factors at their best concentrations as determined in the first experiment was investigated. The average increase in diameter (50.56 ± 3.8 μm), the proportion of PFs exhibiting antrum formation (96.54 ± 2.4) and extrusion of oocytes (25.79 ± 1.8) were highest when cultured in T 4 + FSH + GH + EGF supplemented medium. However, the proportion of extrusion of oocytes was similar in T 4 + FSH + IGF-I, T 4 + FSH + GH + IGF-I and T 4 + FSH + EGF + IGF-I combinations. In conclusion, the in vitro development of goat fetal PFs could be significantly improved when the medium was supplemented with T 4 + FSH + GH + EGF.