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A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2021, at Narkhoda farm, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, to study the effect of conservation agricultural practices on soil and plant nutrient dynamics. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications on red sandy loam soil (Alfisols) under rainfed conditions. The treatments comprised of three tillage treatments in main plots viz., conventional tillage, reduced tillage, zero tillage and four cropping systems with residue incorporation in subplots viz., sole castor, castor + redgram (1:1), castor + greengram (1:3) and castor + groundnut (1:3). The results indicated that at harvest, highest soil organic carbon (SOC) content was found in reduced tillage (0.64%) followed by zero tillage (0.63%) and the lowest in conventional tillage (0.56%). Among inter cropping systems, SOC was recorded highest (0.67%) in castor + redgram (1:1) and lowest (0.55%) in sole castor treatment. The status of post-harvest soil available N, P, K (kg/ha) was recorded highest in reduced tillage (208.6, 54.03, 515.9 kg N, P, K /ha respectively) and lowest in conventional tillage (196.7, 38.57, 486.8 kg N, P, K /ha) while, zero tillage (203.6, 47.15, 506.7 kg N, P, K /ha) was at par with the reduced tillage. Among the cropping systems, castor + redgram (208.1, 60.12, 517.9 kg N, P, K /ha) recorded highest available N, P, K while lowest in sole castor (201.6, 38.60, 494.0 kg N, P, K /ha) treatment. Total N, P, K uptake (kg/ha) by castor crop at harvest was highest in conventional tillage (56.13, 19.99, 31.97 kg N, P, K /ha respectively) followed by reduced (49.24, 16.81, 26.28 kg N, P, K /ha) and the lowest (38.36, 13.15, 21.99 kg N, P, K /ha) was recorded in zero tillage. Among intercropping cropping systems N, P, K uptake by castor crop was recorded highest in sole castor (60.22, 18.66, 32.35 kg N, P, K /ha) treatment while lowest was recorded in castor + redgram (1:1) (26.65, 10.28, 15.93 kg N, P, K /ha). In general, the interaction effect between tillage and intercropping system were found non-significant.

Aim: To study the effect of seed rate and nutrient management on growth and development of chickpea. Study Design: The study consisted of mechanized sowing at different planting densities as one factor which required a bigger plot size and second factor was nutrient management which is to be analyzed precisely. Thus as one factor (planting densities) need a bigger plot size and the other (nutrient management) required a more precise results with small plot size, suitable design for the study was chosen as split-plot design. Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Main Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22. Methodology: This experiment consisted of four seed rates (planting densities with planter) imposed in main plots and seven nutrient management practices in sub plots with a total of 28 treatment combinations and replicated thrice. Data obtained on various parameters were analysed using WINDOSTAT software for split plot design. Results: Crop growth indices viz., absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation were found to be significantly higher with the seed rate of 52 kg ha-1 (321.4 mg day-1, 19.5 and 2.07 mg g-1 day-1) respectively. Among the nutrient management practices, 125 % RDF + Soil application of Microbial consortia (N –Azotobacter + PSB + KRB+ ZnSB) @ 5 kg ha-1 resulted in significantly higher values of all crop growth indices followed by 125 % RDF and 100 % RDF + Soil application of Microbial consortia (N –Azotobacter + PSB + KRB+ ZnSB) @ 5 kg ha-1 (256.5 mg day-1 and 17.1 mg g-1 day-1) respectively. Conclusion: Seed rate of 52 kg ha-1 and 125 % RDF along with soil application of Microbial consortia (N –Azotobacter + PSB + KRB+ ZnSB) @ 5 kg ha-1 resulted in better growth and development which can be recommended for obtaining higher yield of chickpea.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2021 at Gungal (around 43 km from Hyderabad) Research Farm of ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India. The soil was Sandy clay loam in texture, slightly acidic in reaction, low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and medium in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three treatment combinations viz., Organic (recommended 100% N equivalent FYM), Integrated (recommended 25% N equivalent FYM + 75% N and 100% P and K through chemical fertilizers) and Control (recommended 100 % NPK through chemical fertilizer) replicated nine times. Based on the results, it was found that the growth, yield attributes, yield, and economics with respect to all the three crops viz., green gram, pigeon pea and sunflower were significantly higher with organic treatment which was followed by integrated treatment and control.

Aims: To identify an ideal pearl millet variety under ideal nitrogen level and cutting management for high green fodder yield and dry fodder yield. Study Design: Factorial Randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization, Agricultural Research Institute, from July 2021 and Nov 2021. Methodology: Field experiment was conducted at AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization, ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2021. The treatments consisted of three varieties (TSFB 15-4, TSFB 15-8 and Moti bajra), three nitrogen levels (80, 100 and 120 kg N ha-1) and two cutting management practices (C1: Two cuts: 1st at 60 days after sowing (DAS), 2nd cut at 50% flowering) (C2: Three cuts: 1st at 50 days after sowing (DAS), 2nd cut at 35 days after 1st cut and 3rd cut at 50% flowering) laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept, with Factor (A) as varieties, Factor (B) as nitrogen levels and Factor (C) as cutting management with three replications. The soil was sandy loam in texture with pH of 7.0 low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and available potassium. Results: Variety TSFB 15-8 recorded significantly higher plant height (67.2 cm) and leaf-stem ratio (0.4) green forage yield (821.1 q ha-1), dry fodder yield (198.4 q ha-1)respectively, but Moti bajra variety was recorded highest number of tillers m-2 (4.5).Application of nitrogenat the rate of 120 kgha-1 significantly recorded highest plant height (72.0 cm), number of tillers m-2 (4.7) and leaf-stem ratio (0.4), green forage yield (817.7 q ha-1), dry fodder yield (201.0 q ha-1). Three cuts for green fodder recorded significantly higher plant height (65.9 cm), number of tillers (5.1) and leaf-stem ratio (0.5) green fodder yield(910.0 q ha-1), dry fodder yield (216.4 q ha-1) compared to two cuts. Conclusion: Variety TSFB 15-8 with nitrogen level of 120 kg N ha-1 at C2 found suitable and economical for cultivation in southern Telangana zone.

A survey was conducted in the years (2019-20 and 2020-21) in red soils of Vikarabad district covering eight mandals and soil samples were collected from four predominant land use patterns at two depths (0-15 and 15-30cm). Land use patterns studied included cultivated land with different cropping intensity i.e., 100% cropping intensity (redgram-fallow), 200% cropping intensity (rice-rice) and two from natural conditions i.e., forest land and fallow land to assess the impact of these land uses on various pools of SOC viz., total organic carbon (TOC), oxidizable organic carbon and its pools. The SOC content of forest land recorded the highest mean value (7.30 g kg-1) and that of fallow land recorded the lowest value (2.24 g kg-1).The mean SOC stock was highest in forest land (13.92 Mg Cha-1) and that of fallow land was the lowest (5.64 Mg C =ha-1). The highest accumulation of mean TOC was observed in forest (26.28 Mg ha-1). The per cent contribution active carbon pools to TOC was highest forest land (54.33 %) followed by redgram-fallow 53.16 %, suggesting that the accumulated carbon could be easily lost following the land use change. Contrarily, the per cent distribution of TOC to passive carbon pool was highest under fallow land (54.96 %) and rice-rice cropping system (52.00%) indicating more stable nature of the accumulated organic matter.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana. The present study was conducted to know the effect of different planting densities and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of Finger millet. The soil of experimental site was loamy sand type, slightly acidic in pH (6.43), non-saline in EC (0.15 dSm-1), low in organic carbon (0.42%), low in available N (201.6 kg ha-1), medium in available P (25.3 kg ha-1), low in available K (236.25 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice with 12 treatments combinations consisting of four nitrogen levels (0 %, 50%, 100% and 150% RDN) and three levels of planting density (S1-solid rows × 15 cm, S2- 30 cm × 15 cm, S3- 25 cm × 15 cm). Results indicated that S1-solid rows × 15 cm recorded highest plant height, number of tillers m-2, dry matter production (g m-2) and S3- 25 cm × 15 cm recorded highest leaf area plant-1 and yield. Application of 150% RDN recorded highest plant growth parameters, grain yield and straw yield. However, it was on par with 100% RDN. It was concluded that planting density of 25 cm × 15 cm among spacings and 100% N among nitrogen levels proved to be a viable option for getting higher productivity and profit under rainfed conditions of central agro climatic zone of Telangana.

In a wireless sensor network, information processing, and information acquisition, localization technology is the key to making it practically possible application. Approximate Point-in-Triangulation (APIT) is the most widely used localization estimation which has high accuracy in localizing the nodes and ease of deployment of nodes in the real-time environment. Though it has numerous key advantages, some of the drawbacks which make it a little setback in preference are the unevenness in the distribution of nodes. Tracking is more appropriate for mobile sensor nodes than tracking is for static sensor nodes. The two main types of localization algorithms are range-based and range-free techniques. In an indoor setting, the projected range (distance) between an anchor and an unknown node is very inaccurate. By utilizing a large number of already existing access points (APs) in the range-free localization approach, this issue can be overcome to a great extent. The utilization of multisensor data, such as magnetic, inertial, compass, gyroscope, ultrasonic, infrared, visual, and/or odometer, is stressed in recent research to further increase localization accuracy. The tracking system also makes location predictions for the future based on historical location data. To overcome this issue, the proposed localization algorithm of APIT with Bat-SA proves its efficiency. Due to its low localization error, the traditional Bat method is more accurate than APIT. The proposed Bat using the SA algorithm is found to perform better than the traditional APIT algorithm in terms of convergence of computing rate and success rate. In order to mimic the suggested APIT method, it is paired with the Bat-SA localization technique. Simulation evaluation proves the performance efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The performance metrics parameters are latency, node distribution map, positioning error map, and neighbor relationship diagram which are used to evaluate the proposed method.

The investigation was carried out in sandy loam soils at college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad during kharif, 2019. From results it can be concluded that growth parameters which were recorded at 30 days after sowing (DAS), Knee-high stage, 60 DAS and at harvest like SPAD, leaf area and at flowering parameters like days to 50% tasseling and silking were shown highest in treatment T5-RDF + FYM enrichment with 50 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and also it was on par with T7-RDF + ZSB (1kg/100 kg FYM) + 0.2% Foliar spray of ZnSO4 (Knee-high and Tasseling stages). Similar trends has been recorded in case of yield attributes like number of rows cob-1, number of kernels row-1, total no. of kernels cob-1, kernels weight cob-1 and test weight.

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season (June to October, 2019) at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India to find the effect of sowing windows and nitrogen levels on yield, nutrient uptake and post-harvest soil nutrient status of browntop millet. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Treatments consisted of four sowing windows (June 15th, June 30th, July 15th and July 30th) and four nitrogen levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1). Among sowing windows, June 15th recorded higher growth parameters (plant height, leaf area and dry matter production), yield attributes (panicles hill-1, panicle length, weight and grains panicle-1) grain, straw yield, monetary returns and nutrient uptake at harvest (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Post-harvest soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon content, available P and K) were not significantly influenced by sowing windows, but available soil nitrogen was significantly higher with June 15th sowing. Among nitrogen levels, application of 60 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher growth parameters (plant height, leaf area and dry matter production), yield attributes (panicles hill-1, panicle length, weight and grains panicle-1), grain, straw yield, monetary returns and nutrient uptake at harvest (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) but, it was comparable with 40 kg ha-1. Varying nitrogen levels did not significantly influence post-harvest soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon content, available P and K); however, available soil N was significantly higher with the application of 40 kg ha-1.

Aim: The experiment is aimed to identify ideal sowing date and nitrogen level in browntop millet during rainy season on alfisols of Telangana. Study Design: Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Place and Duration of Study: College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India during rainy season, 2019. Methodology: Browntop millet variety VZM-1 was tested under four dates of sowing viz., D1- June 15th, D2- June 30th, D3-July 15th and D4 - 30th July and four N levels viz; N1- 0 kg ha-1 N2 - 20 kg ha-1, N1- 40 kg ha-1 and N4-60 kg ha-1. The growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nitrogen uptake at different crop growth stages and monetary returns were studied. Results: The results indicated that plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area, dry matter accumulation at all crop intervals and yield attributes viz; effective tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains, grain, straw yield, N uptake at different crop stages and monetary returns were highest with sowing on D1- June 15th.Among the N levels tested, crop fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 registered higher plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area, dry matter accumulation at all crop intervals, yield attributes viz; effective tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains, grain, straw yield N uptake at different crop stages and monetary returns. Conclusion: On alfisols of Telangana during rainy season, sowing of browntop millet on June 15th fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 helps to realize higher yield and monetary returns.

For particular image super-resolution, HR image is assessed by discovering natural image priors and self-similarity surrounded by image and for video super resolution. Similarly, spatial information through positions and temporal information through frames could be used to develop specifics for LR frame. Objective: So far several research works has been carried out in this area of research and this current research aims to develop an effective hybrid RNN-ACO algorithm for enhancing the video super resolution. Data description: To examine the performance metrics, the research is carried out in PYTHON tool which shows the accuracy of proposed approach. Deployment of hybrid RNN-ACO model to improve the video super resolution framework will be implemented and the evaluation parameters such as F-Score, Precision, Recall, Fscore, accuracy, resolution level, Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), IFC, VII, and FII will be analysed and compared for individual RNN and ACO and combined RNN-ACO model.

Image compression is the way of data compression which could be applicable to digital form of images for the purpose of reducing the cost of storage or transmission and any algorithm would consider visual perception or statistical properties of an image to establish enhanced results. The compression techniques might be lossy or lossless type. The supreme image quality at a particular compression rate is the major aim of any image compression approach. Objective: In this current research, image compression is carried out with the support of hybrid Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Random Forest (RF) approach. Data description: The proposed methodology is executed in python environment and the performance metrics is evaluated and outcomes attained are compared with existing research works to verify the effectiveness of suggested concept.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of browntop millet. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 16 treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of four dates of sowing viz., D1-June 15th, D2- June 30th, D3-June 15th, D4-July 30th and four nitrogen levels viz., N1-0 kg ha-1, N2-20 kg ha-1, N3-40 kg ha-1, N4-60 kg ha-1. The results revealed that among the dates of sowing, plant height, leaf area at 60 DAS and dry matter production at harvest, effective tillers hill-1, panicle length, weight of panicle, number of grains panicle-1, grain and straw yield were significantly higher with D1-June 15th sowing and among nitrogen levels, N4-60 kg ha-1 recorded higher plant height, leaf area and dry matter production at harvest, number of effective tiller hill-1,panicle length, weight of panicle, number of grains panicle-1, grain and straw yield but it was on par with N3-40 kg ha-1.

A field investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of moisture conservation practices [flat bed sowing, ridge and furrow, broad bed and furrow (BBF) and poly mulch on BBF] and integrated nutrient management treatments [Farmer’s practice, 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) of 150:60:60 NPK kg ha-1, 125% RDF, 100% RDF along with 25% N through Farm Yard Manure (FYM) or press mud] and their combined effect on weed dynamics of Bt cotton at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Telangana, India. The experiment was laid out in strip-plot design and replicated thrice. Pooled data of the two years (2015 and 2016) indicated that poly mulch on broad bed (M4) registered significantly lower weed density and dry weight at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and it was followed by broad bed and furrow (M3) which was at par with flat bed (M1) and ridge and furrow (M2) methods. Among nutrient management practices, lower weed density was recorded with the application of 100% RDF (S2) followed by 125% RDF (S3) and 100% RDF (S5) along with pressmud equivalent to 25% RDN (S5). However, the interaction effect on weed density and drymatter was found to be non-significant at 30 DAS. Contrary to this, at 60 and 90 DAS, the interaction was found to be significant. At 60 DAS, poly mulch on broad bed (M4S2) along with 100% RDF and poly mulch on broad bed (M4S3) along with 125% RDF recorded lower weed density over other treatment combinations. At 90 DAS also similar results were observed with respect to weed density. However, lower weed dry weight was observed with poly mulch on broad bed (M4S3) along with 125% RDF.

Agricultural application of urban waste as nutrient source for plants and as soil conditioner, is the most cost effective option of waste management because of its advantages over traditional means such as land filling or incineration. Composting is an attractive alternative of urban waste recycling. Intensive cropping and indiscriminate fertilizer application depleted available NPK in almost all soils in India. Hence, replenishment of shoveled out nutrients is very essential, especially when exhaustive crops like cotton is cultivated. With this backdrop an experiment was conducted during kharif, 2014 carried out at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, India to find the effect of combined application of municipal city compost with inorganic fertilisers on the yield, quality and economics of Bt cotton. The experiment was laid out in randomised complete block design with three replicates and eleven treatments viz; 100 % NPK alone (RDF: 150: 60: 60 kg NPK ha-1)100% NPK + FYM (farmers practice) and 100 %, 75%, 50% NPK integrated with 3 levels of Godavari Gold (GG) @ 1.25, 1.875 and 2.5 tonnes ha-1 respectively. The results indicated that Bt cotton registered significantly higher yield attributes and yield with the integrated application of 100 % NPK + 2.5 t ha-1 of Godavari Gold compost as compared to 100% NPK alone, 100% NPK + FYM (farmers practice) and 75 % RDF (112.5-45-45 kg NPK ha-1) and 50 % RDF (75-30-30 kg NPK ha-1) integrated with Godavari gold compost @ 1.25, 1.875 and 2.5 tonnes ha-1.There were no significant differences in quality parameters. Highest gross, net returns and B: C ratio was accrued with the application of 100 % NPK + 2.5 t ha-1 of Godavari Gold compost.

A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2018-19 at Students Farm, College of Agriculture. Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experimental soil was sandy clay loam texture with pH 7.46, EC 0.36 dS m‑1 and OC (0.67%). The soil was low in available nitrogen (260.0 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (45.1 kg ha-1) and high in available potassium (521.0 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments and replicated thrice. The results revealed that, conjunctive use of inorganics and organics through crop residue composting significantly influenced the nutrient uptake and quality parameters of finger millet. Application of 75% RDN + 25% N through cotton stubbles vermicompost + 2% rockphosphate recorded significantly higher grain (3540 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5899 kg ha-1). The lowest grain (1453 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3737 kg ha-1) were recorded with control plot that consisted of no nitrogen application. Similarly, significantly higher NPK uptake (51.0, 5.5 and 21.9 kg ha-1) by grain and straw (56.0, 25.1 and 102.6 kg ha-1) was recorded with application of 75% RDN+ 25% N through cotton stubbles vermicompost + 2% rockphosphate followed by T5 treatment - 75% RDN + 25% N through cotton stubbles vermicompost. Quality parameters viz., calcium (0.44%), iron (85.2 ppm), zinc (32.0 ppm) and crude protein content (9.0%) in grain were also higher with the application of 75% RDN + 25% N through cotton stubbles vermicompost + 2% rockphosphate over rest of the treatments and the treatment was comparable with 75% RDN +25% N through cotton stubbles vermicompost.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU to evaluate the effect of various sources of zinc and iron on dry matter yield, nutrient content and nutrient uptake of finger millet. This experiment was conducted with randomized block design with 14 treatments and replicated thrice.The results revealed that application of different Zinc and iron sources at different rates significantly influenced the dry matter yield, nutrient content and nutrient uptake of finger millet. The highest dry matter production was reported with T10 - application of RDF (60:40:30 kg N,P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1)+ foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS at all the stages followed by T14- (RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 DAS). Nutrient content decreased and Nutrient uptake (Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron and zinc) by the crop steadily increased with advancement in age of the crop upto harvest. The treatment receiving (T10) RDF+ foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS recorded the highest nutrient content and (N, P, K & Fe) uptake by crop at 30DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest followed by (T14) RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 DAS. While, the Zinc content and uptake by crop at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest was highest with the treatment receiving (T8) -RDF + Zn-Humate foliar spray @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 days after sowing and was followed by treatment T7-RDF + Zn-Humate soil application @ 42 Kg ha-1.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU to evaluate the effect of various sources of zinc and iron on grain yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality parameters of finger millet. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 14 treatments and replicated thrice.The results revealed that application of different Zinc and iron sources at different rates significantly influenced the grain yield, nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and grain quality parameters (protein and calcium content) of finger millet. Highest grain yield (3653 kg ha-1), protein (11.25%) and calcium content (2.33%) in grain were obtained in the treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS (3612 kg ha-1, 10.90% and 2.0%) and the lowest grain yield (1995 kg ha-1), (6.25%) and calcium content (1.10%) were recorded with application of RDF alone. The nutrient uptake (N, P, K and Fe) at all the crop growth stages was significantly higher with the treatment receiving RDF (60:40:30 kg N,P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS. Highest iron uptake was recorded in treatment receiving RDF+foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with T8, T14 treatments.The highest nutrient uptake of Zinc was obtained in treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate foliar spray @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 days after sowing which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate soil application. Contrary to the grain yield, nutrient uptake, protein and calcium content there were no significant differences between treatments with respect to Zn, Fe and carbohydrate content in grain.

Design of Lifting based DWT architecture is proposed in this paper for high speed processing so that it may be realized as an FPGA or as an ASIC. The proposed architecture includes Line Buffers, PIPO and Lifting Block. This architecture works in non separable fashion using a lifting scheme and computes 2D-DWT at different resolution levels. The lifting scheme offers the fastest possible implementation of the DWT. The architecture has been coded using RTL Verilog and synthesized using Xilinx 14.4, targeted on Spartan 6- XC6SLX4L FPGA. A regular systolic structure has been proposed in this architecture with simple control flow for data extraction and small embedded buffers. The maximum frequency of operation reported by Place & Route tool is 254 MHz for 3-Level 2D-DWT. The FPGA mapping compares favourably with another FPGA implementation.

High Definition (HD) devices requires HD-videos for the effective uses of HD devices. However, it consists of some issues such as high storage capacity, limited battery power of high definition devices, long encoding time, and high computational complexity when it comes to the transmission, broadcasting and internet traffic. Many existing techniques consists these above-mentioned issues. Therefore, there is a need of an efficient technique, which reduces unnecessary amount of space, provides high compression rate and requires low bandwidth spectrum. Therefore, in the paper we have introduced an efficient video compression technique as modified HEVC coding based on saliency features to counter these existing drawbacks. We highlight first, on extracting features on the raw data and then compressed it largely. This technique makes our model powerful and provides effective performance in terms of compression. Our experiment results proves that our model provide better efficiency in terms of average PSNR, MSE and bitrate. Our experimental results outperforms all the existing techniques in terms of saliency map detection, AUC, NSS, KLD and JSD. The average AUC, NSS and KLD value by our proposed method are 0.846, 1.702 and 0.532 respectively which is very high compare to other existing technique.