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The objectives of this work were to investigate the crystallization kinetics of Yttrium Iron Garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) using the thermal analysis. The Differential Scanning Colorimetric (DSC) analysis confirmed that crystallization begins to form the YIG from the nitrates of the YIG gel product at the melting temperature of 337 °C. Two weight losses were discovered from the nitrates of the YIG gel product using simultaneous thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), in the temperature range of 70 to 130 °C and 760 °C, indicating the amorphous state to change the crystalline state formation. A thermo magnetization analysis (TMA) was performed on the synthesized YIG calcined at 850 °C, and the Curie temperature results were thoroughly examined. The Williamson-Hall (W-H) plots and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis were used to study the crystalline strain and crystalline formation of the as-prepared YIG particles at 850 °C calcined temperatures.

The indoor and vehicular environmental comfort equipment is heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). Its purpose is to provide thermal comfort and reasonable quality of indoor air. A right-sized HVAC device can provide the desired convenience and operate effectively. The correct size of the HVAC system is the choice of equipment and the configuration of the air distribution system to meet the house's expected specific heating and cooling loads. The HVAC system starts with an accurate understanding of the space heating and cooling loads. This helps in residential structures, such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings, where temperature and humidity are controlled by safe and stable building conditions, using fresh outdoor air. There are many approaches that can be used to achieve energy-efficient HVAC systems, considering the rapid developments in science and technology today. A good understanding of building comfort conditions is important in order to establish efficient systems. All about human satisfaction with their thermal environment is thermal comfort The cornerstone for a comfortable indoor climate is the maintenance of optimum temperature and air circulation. The HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system plays this role. Both heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems account for 60% of the overall energy usage in the world, which calls for sustainable HVAC solutions. Without compromising the services offered by the building in a sustainable manner, the energy usage of buildings must be decreased, thereby ensuring a safe indoor atmosphere for people. In this project, we will adjust the temperature inside the room depending on the ambient temperature to make people feel relaxed, whether the outside temperature is hot or cold. We used Peltier here to verify the refrigeration response and nichrome wire to verify the heating response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the introduction of new radiotherapy treatment techniques and the increased number of cancer patients, there is a higher possibility of redundant workload on radiotherapy machines. Therefore, this study aims to assess the workload in three linear accelerator units. An 8-week survey was conducted in the selected three units, during which all treatment parameters were accumulated. The highest number of treatment sessions per week and highest weekly workload of dose at the isocenter were reported as 465 ± 24 and 1295 ± 93 Gy, respectively in the Varian unit at Apeksha Hospital. The cardinal angle was identified as the 00-300 range in all selected units. The modulation factors for the intensity modulated radiotherapy techniques showed significant variations among the three units. The estimated real weekly workload is quite high compared to previous studies. This study recommends conducting at least a one-year survey, considering all parameters, to obtain more reliable results., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition that is frequently associated with atopic inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) resulting in nasal obstruction. Current guidelines support the use of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) when patients fail pharmacologic management. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the role of inferior turbinate reduction (ITR), a treatment that we hypothesize is cost-effective compared with other available treatments., Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the following treatment combinations over a 5-year time horizon for AR patients presenting with atopic nasal obstruction who fail initial pharmacotherapy: (1) continued pharmacotherapy alone, (2) allergy testing and SCIT, (3) allergy testing and SCIT and then ITR for SCIT nonresponders, and (4) ITR and then allergy testing and SCIT for ITR nonresponders. Results were reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs)., Results: For patients who fail initial pharmacotherapy, prioritizing ITR, either by microdebrider-assisting submucous resection or radiofrequency ablation, before SCIT was the most cost-effective strategy. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that prioritizing ITR before SCIT was the most cost-effective option in 95.4% of scenarios. ITR remained cost-effective even with the addition of concurrent septoplasty., Conclusion: For many AR patients who present with nasal obstruction secondary to atopic inferior turbinate hypertrophy that is persistent despite pharmacotherapy, ITR is a cost-effective treatment that should be considered prior to immunotherapy., Level of Evidence: NA - Laryngoscope, 2023 Laryngoscope, 134:1572-1580, 2024., (© 2023 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)

Background: By studying the odds of developing idiopathic subglottic stenosis in the isolated and genetically unique Hutterite population, this study sought to strengthen the hypothesis that an underlying genetic predisposition may exist for its development., Methods: A retrospective chart review examined the medical records of all adult patients treated for idiopathic subglottic stenosis in Saskatchewan between 2008 and 2018. Cases were segregated into Hutterite and non-Hutterite., Results: Four out of 36 cases of idiopathic subglottic stenosis occurred among Hutterites. The odds of a Hutterite developing idiopathic subglottic stenosis are 21.89 times higher than for non-Hutterites. Positive family history was only observed in the Hutterite population., Conclusion: The study strengthens the hypothesis that genetics may play a role in the aetiology of idiopathic subglottic stenosis by demonstrating that the genetically and socially unique Hutterites are more likely to develop this rare disease. This study is the first to demonstrate that a specific subpopulation is at a higher risk for developing idiopathic subglottic stenosis.

Background: Operating room (OR) efficiency is related to minutes spared from surgical time and has been linked to the make up of surgical teams and operating room workplace. The research on the efficiency of surgical nursing staff members is scant. The current study evaluates the effect of ENT trained OR resource nurses on the efficiency of operating time during ENT procedures., Methods: Five hundred seventy-three ENT surgery cases from 4 surgeons were retrospectively reviewed. Two hundred forty-two cases had ENT OR nursing staff and 331 cases had non-ENT OR nursing staff. Requested operative times (ROT) and true operative times (TOT) were analyzed. The difference between the TOT and ROT was used to measure operating time efficiency., Results: Cases with ROT < 30 min (M = -1.19, SD = 5.01) required 3.34 min less than planned for when an ENT nurse was present compared to those with non-ENT nursing staff which required on average 2.15 min (M = 2.15, SD = 5.68) longer than ROT. Furthermore, cases with ROT > 30 min (M = -4.32, SD = 10.85) required 10.85 min less than planned for when an ENT nurse was present. Conversely with non-ENT nursing staff cases with a ROT > 30 min required on average 6.53 min (M = 6.53, SD = 11.85) longer than ROT., Conclusion: ENT resource nurses were shown to improve OR efficiency in cases less than 30 min and greater than 30 min. Cases that were greater than 30 min showed the largest increase in efficiency. Specialized ENT nursing staff improved efficiency during common ENT surgeries.

Primary Objective: To assess and compare the parasympathetic state of individuals in healthy vs concussion groups, by measuring cardiovascular metrics under resting and baroreflex conditions using a squat-stand manoeuvre., Research Design: This was a retrospective mixed-method study, with participants who sustained a medically diagnosed sport concussion (n = 12), being tested within 72-hours post-injury., Methods and Procedures: Participant's heart rate (Electrocardiogram, ECG) and blood pressure (finger plethysmography) data was collected during rest and during 10-second squat-stands (10SS, 0.05 Hz). Blood pressure and heart rate standard deviation data was analysed in the 0-5 seconds and 6-10 seconds periods of squatting and standing. Resting and baroreflex ECG data were analysed via Fourier Transformations for %Low Frequency and %High Frequency (%LF and %HF)., Results: The control group alleviated more pressure and had a significantly higher standard deviation of heart rate during the 6-10 seconds of squatting (p < 0.05). Overall heart rate standard deviation in the concussion group was significantly lower than healthy controls when standing (p < 0.05). There were no differences in %LF and % HF between groups or between rest and 10SS., Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that autonomic function is dysregulated following mTBI within the initial 72 hours of injury.

We find a dark component guiding the practically interesting bright-bright vector one-soliton to two different parametric domains giving rise to different physical situations by constructing a more general form of three-component dark-bright-bright mixed vector one-soliton solution of the generalized Manakov model with nine free real parameters. Moreover our main investigation of the collision dynamics of such mixed vector solitons by constructing the multisoliton solution of the generalized Manakov model with the help of Hirota technique reveals that the dark-bright-bright vector two-soliton supports energy-exchange collision dynamics. In particular the dark component preserves its initial form and the energy-exchange collision property of the bright-bright vector two-soliton solution of the Manakov model during collision. In addition the interactions between bound state dark-bright-bright vector solitons reveal oscillations in their amplitudes. A similar kind of breathing effect was also experimentally observed in the Bose-Einstein condensates. Some possible ways are theoretically suggested not only to control this breathing effect but also to manage the beating, bouncing, jumping, and attraction effects in the collision dynamics of dark-bright-bright vector solitons. The role of multiple free parameters in our solution is examined to define polarization vector, envelope speed, envelope width, envelope amplitude, grayness, and complex modulation of our solution. It is interesting to note that the polarization vector of our mixed vector one-soliton evolves in sphere or hyperboloid depending upon the initial parametric choices.

We have constructed a dark-bright N-soliton solution with 4N+3 real parameters for the physically interesting system of mixed coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Using this as well as an asymptotic analysis we have investigated the interaction between dark-bright vector solitons. Each colliding dark-bright one-soliton at the asymptotic limits includes more coupling parameters not only in the polarization vector but also in the amplitude part. Our present solution generalizes the dark-bright soliton in the literature with parametric constraints. By exploiting the role of such coupling parameters we are able to control certain interaction effects, namely beating, breathing, bouncing, attraction, jumping, etc., without affecting other soliton parameters. Particularly, the results of the interactions between the bound state dark-bright vector solitons reveal oscillations in their amplitudes under certain parametric choices. A similar kind of effect was also observed experimentally in the BECs. We have also characterized the solutions with complicated structure and nonobvious wrinkle to define polarization vector, envelope speed, envelope width, envelope amplitude, grayness, and complex modulation. It is interesting to identify that the polarization vector of the dark-bright one-soliton evolves on a spherical surface instead of a hyperboloid surface as in the bright-bright case of the mixed coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations.

A fairly general form of the two-component (dark-dark) vector one-soliton solution of the integrable coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (Manakov model) with self-defocusing nonlinearity is obtained by using the Hirota method. It couples two dark components with the same envelope width, envelope speed, and envelope trough location using two complex arbitrary parameters not only in the envelope amplitude but also in the complex modulation. Although it has the freedom to change its pulse width without affecting its speed, it can also tune its grayness (depth of the pulse relative to background) without disturbing the envelope width and speed. The variations in peak power against the depth of localization of two dark components are investigated with and without a parametric restriction. The collision between many dark-dark vector solitons has also been studied by constructing a multisoliton solution with more free parameters.