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A simple, efficient and reproducible Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Pharmaceutical formulation has been validated. The Separation was carried out on C-18 column 4.6 mm x 250 cm x 5 µm column at ambient temperature using Buffer: Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60: 40 as a mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and effluent was detected at 260nm. The retention times was found to be 3 mts. The percentage recovery was within the range between 99.23% to 101.44 %. The method was linear in the range of 50%-150% for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate where r2 = 0.999. The percentage relative standard deviation for accuracy and precision was found to be less than 2%. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and the acceptance criteria for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness were met in all cases in detecting Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. Hence the method could be successfully applied for routine analysis of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in the solid dosage form.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the innovative technology that covers wide range of application that possesses high potential merits such as long-term operation, unmonitored network access, data transmission, and low implementation cost. In this context, Internet of Things (IoT) have evolved as an exciting paradigm with the rapid advancement of cellular mobile networks, near field communications and cloud computing. WSNs potentially interacts with the IoT devices based on the sensing features of web devices and communication technologies in sensors. At this juncture, IoT need to facilitate huge amount of data aggregation with security and disseminate it to the reliable path to make it reach the required base station. In this paper, Unity Attractors Inspired Programmable Cellular Automata and Barnacles Swarm Optimization-Based Energy Efficient Data Communication Mechanism (UAIPCA-BSO) is proposed for Securing data and estimate the optimal path through which it can be forwarded in the IoT environment. In specific, Unity Attractors Inspired Programmable Cellular Automata is adopted for guaranteeing security during the data transmission process. It also aids in determining the optimal path of data transmission based on the merits of Barnacles Swarm Optimization Algorithm (BSOA), such that data is made to reach the base station at the required destination in time. The simulation results of UAIPCA-BSO confirmed minimized end-to-end delay , accuracy and time taken for malicious node detection, compared to the baseline approaches used for comparison.

Background: Cognitive skills determine how a person thinks, learns, and understands things. A student’s success may be determined by the strength of cognitive skills. Employment has become a very sensitive issue for graduates in recent times. The researcher examined the effects of cognitive ability on improving employability skills among postgraduate students in a university. Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to see the effects of cognitive and employability skills. Methods: The authors applied the descriptive survey method in order to convert the data into natural log units. The Likert scale method was used to collect primary data on cognitive ability and employability skills in a survey research method that used a questionnaire. The simple random sampling technique was used in the present study. Results: It is inferred that among the six predictors, one dimension of numerical reasoning had the highest standardized coefficients beta, which indicates that it was the most important factor contributing to outcome-based education followed by spatial reasoning, logical reasoning, non-verbal reasoning, verbal reasoning, and abstract reasoning.

The noise and vibration characteristics play a vital role in the effectiveness of engine operations and performance of internal combustion engines. Accumulation of the higher amplitude of both noise and vibration affects the comfort of the engine. So far, most of the research done on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics only. Less importance is shown in the form engine vibration and sounds created by the engine operation. This paper presents and explores the importance and experimental results of noise and vibration by the compression ignition diesel engine with the fuels of diesel and microalgae biodiesel. The produced microalgae biodiesel blends were SMB10%, SMB20%, and SMB30%. The experimental results were conducted at different engine loads varying across 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The inline, four-cylinder, water-cooled, and naturally aspirated DI diesel engine was used as an experimental setup. From the comparative results between the diesel and microalgae biodiesel, it is found that the use of microalgae blended biodiesel reduced the noise and vibration. The higher the percentage of blends, the greater the reduction in sound and vibration will be. Apart from possessing the performance and emission qualities, the microalgae biodiesel blends proved to be an efficient fuel in reduced vibration and noise qualities too. In three directions, the vibrations were measured as lateral, longitudinal, and vertical vibrations. The vibration in the lateral direction was significantly reduced. Compelling the results, it is understood that the use of the microalgae blends can be sustainable from the perspective of engine wear and tear.

The main aim of the study to find out the significance relationship between in cognitive ability and academic achievement of higher secondary school students. Cognitive ability is a term used in cognitive psychology to define the way persons think, perceive and recall information. The school and teacher have a great extend for developing cognitive ability. The present study is about to understand the cognitive ability and academic achievement of higher secondary school students in Salem district of Tamil Nadu. Simple random Sampling method is used to collect the sample. Two fifty higher secondary school students from different types of schools like government, government aided and private were taken for the study. Cognitive ability tool was used to collect the data. For the purpose of analysis level, ‘t’ test and correlation were used. The findings of the study obtained that the there was significant relationship between cognitive ability and academic achievement of higher secondary school students. KEYWORDS: cognitive ability, systematic ability, intuitive ability, academic achievement, higher secondary school students

This experimental study aimed to obtain the actuation properties of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) spring actuators available under the commercial names of Biometal® NiTiCu and KRL® NiTi NiTiCu, NiTiFe. An objective is to characterize the electro-thermo-mechano-electro behavior of shape memory spring through experimentation via simultaneous measurement techniques. These measurements are synchronized by embedding an impedance analyzer and data acquisition module through a unique program. Moreover, to obtain the mathematical model by parts of the SMA spring and equivalent circuit analysis of active spring through their electro-thermo-mechano-electro characteristics exhibited during shape memory effect. Based on the experimental results, the SMA spring's equivalent circuit is considered a series resistance - inductance​ circuit. It was found from the experimental results that the Biometal® actuator produced more resistance, inductance variation and offered more displacement as compared to KRL® actuators.

Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) flux were added during the combustion synthesis of Y2SiO5:Dy3+ (9 mol %) nanophosphors, which influenced its structure, morphology and thermoluminescent properties. Reduction in the crystallite size to ~ 7 nm observed using XRD analysis. Surface morphology enhanced in terms of its texture. Thermoluminescence analysis of the prepared phosphors irradiated with gamma dose over a range of 500 Gy – 4 KGy at a constant heating rate 3 ºC s–1 have been carried out. Kinetic parameters were evaluated by Chens method and activation energy was found to be 1.01-1.3 eV. Flux addition resulted in creation of large number of charge carriers and hence the material become the potential for dosimetry applications.

Cultivation of species oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was initiated on experimental basis in Germany by Flack during the year 1917 on tree stumps and wood logs. Growing technology was perfected in USA. The major states in India producing oyster mushroom are Orissa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and most of the North Eastern hill states. Mushroom is rich in Vitamin C and B complex and the protein content ranges from 1.6 to 2.5 per cent. The niacin content is about ten times higher than any other vegetables. The folic acid present in oyster mushroom helps to cure anemia. It is suitable for people with hyper-tension, obesity and diabetes due to its low sodium: potassium ratio, starch, fat and calorific value, alkaline ash and high fiber content make them suitable for consumption for those having hyperacidity and constipation. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is fungal fruiting body. A study was undertaken for identifying the best oyster mushroom variety which is suitable to Tiruchirapalli climate. Three oyster mushroom varieties were taken for the study viz., MDU-1, APK-1, CO-2. The isolation was made from mushroom mycelium. These isolates were cultured under PDA medium. Among the isolates CO-2 and MDU-1 produced good growth of mycelium with a prescribed time limit. The paddy straw and paddy seeds were used for mushroom and spawn production. However, the result showed maximum yield MDU-1(3270 g) when compared to CO - 2 (2780 g) and APK-1 (2280g). Oyster mushroom can be growing at moderate temperature ranging from 20 to 300 C and humidity 55-80% for a period of 6 to 8 months in a year. This MDU - 1 was found to perform well with maximum yield in Tiruchirapalli conditions.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a flowering plant in the ginger family, is widely used as a food coloring in curry powder. Turmeric has long been used in both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine an anti-inflammatory, to treat digestive disorders and liver problems. The active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin, which have been the various medicinal properties. To extract the curcumin, best variety should be selected. The ultimate aim of any programme is to obtain the high yield with quality and studies like correlation and path coefficient analysis to understand the association different characters and their final effect on the yield. The present study was attempted in this direction to analyze the association of different character on yield in Turmeric.

Oyster mushrooms are economical and most easily grown of all cultivated edible mushrooms. The crop has a range of varieties, differing in form, colour, texture and odor, which can be cultivated throughout the year under a diverse agro-climatic conditions. Three different oyster mushroom species viz., Hypsizygus ulmarius (var. CO2), Pleurotus eous (var. APK1) and Pleurotus florida (var. PF) along with three cropping rooms of varied temperatures was used for the study. Among the different cropping rooms, thatched shed with a temperature of 23o C recorded a highest yield of 748g, 712 and 673 g per 500 g of substrate by PF, CO 2 and APK 1 respectively than AC room and Concrete room. The temperature of the cropping room is inversely proportional to the yield of oyster mushroom. Hence, the thatched shed was best suited for oyster mushroom cultivation, which was both economic and easy to use.

Pyrrolidone carboxyl peptidase (PCP) hydrolytically removes the L-pyroglutamic acid from the amino terminal region of pyroglutamyl proteins or peptides. So far, only a limited number of structures of PCP have been solved. Here we report the crystal structure of pyrrolidone carboxyl peptidase from Thermus thermophilus (TtPCP) which has been solved using the molecular replacement method and refined at 1.9 Å resolution. TtPCP follows the α/β/α architecture in which the central β-sheets are surrounded by α-helices on both sides. The inter subunit contact between two monomers consists of two short antiparallel β-strands and part of a long protrusion loop. By comparing the TtPCP with its structural homologs, we identified the putative catalytic triad residues as Glu76, Cys139 and His160. A unique disulfide link found in some homologs of TtPCP, formed between two monomers that provide thermal stability to the protein, is not observed in TtPCP. Hence, being a thermophilic protein, the putative thermal stability of TtPCP could be due to more intra and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and ion pair interactions when compared with its mesophilic counterpart. The structural details of TtPCP will be helpful to understand the basis of the intrinsic stability of thermophilic proteins. Also, it could be useful for protein engineering.

Purpose – This paper sets out to discuss the commonalities that can be found in learning outcomes (LOs) for education for sustainable development in the context of the Tbilisi and Barcelon declarations. The commonalities include systemic or holistic thinking, the integration of different Perspectives, skills such as critical thinking, change agent abilities and communication, and finally different attitudes and values. Design/methodology/approach – An analysis of LOs that are proposed in the Tbilisi and Barcelona declarations is conducted, showing specific issues for the commonalities presented. Examples of LOs from Instituto Tecnologicoy deEstudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) in Mexico, as well as various associations from the USA is shown. A brief discussion is done on the means to achieve these LOs and learning evaluation. Findings – In the example sets of LOs shown, the commonalities presented in the paper’s first section appear in the LOs proposed by the institutions. Based on current knowledge and perception, sustainability is properly addressed in the examples.