33 results on '"K., Batawila"'
Search Results
2. Les champignons ecto-mycorrhiziens consommés par les Bassar et les Kabyè, peuples riverains du Parc National Fazao-Malfakassa (PNFM) au Togo (Afrique de l’Ouest)
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H. KAMOU, P. NADJOMBE, A. K. GBOGBO, S. N. YOROU, K. BATAWILA, K. AKPAGANA, and K. A. GUELLY
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Edible ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms ,exploitation ,ethnic groups ,National Park Fazao-Malfakassa ,Togo ,General Works - Abstract
The wild edible mushrooms are often used by people who live around the PNFM of Togo. To know better the ecto-mycorrhizal taxa used and to document the endogenous knowledge, surveys on ethno-mycological knowledge were conducted in the city of Bassar from the ethnic group of Bassar and in the village of Hezoudè from Kabyè ethnic group. During this study, based on semi-structural ethno-mycological survey, 432 people aged 10 to 80 years from the Kabyè and Bassar areas are interviewed via focus group and/or individual interviews. After ethno-mycological investigations, 23 taxa are known as edible. The ethno-mycological indices such as Use Value (UV), Index of Fisher (p) and Index of Importance Value (IVI) are calculated to test the knowledge on the different use of mushrooms by the two ethnic groups. The study revealed that there is no significant difference regarding the number of consumed taxa for each ethnic group and the levels of their traditional knowledge. The study also showed that the traditional ethno-mycological knowledge of the population varies according to age, the ethnical group and sex. The elders are proven to be the holders of the best mycological knowledge. The most ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms consumed are Amanita loosii, Russula oleifera and Cantharellus congolensis. These preliminary data indicate that the ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms and their uses are well known by the people who live around the PNFM.
- Published
- 2017
3. Effect of Mineral and Organic Fertilizer on the Performance of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in the Pissa Region of the Central African Republic
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E. Kosh-Komba, J. Akoth Omenda, M. Zaman, B. Mingabaye-Bendima, K. Batawila, and Koffi Akpagana
- Published
- 2023
4. Manihot esculenta (Crantz)’ Diversity Management by Peaysants in Pissa and Damara’s Districts in the Central African Republic (A Comparative Approach)
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I Zinga, K Batawila, Touckia Gi, Zaman M, A Mololi, Gougodo De Mon-Zoni Julie Léancy, Akpagana K, S Semballa, Bombo Yongo, and E Kosh-Komba
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Diversity management ,Geography ,Comparative method ,Agroforestry ,Manihot esculenta ,General Medicine - Published
- 2021
5. Description agromorphologique et détermination du potentiel antioxydant des variétés sous-utilisées et nouvellement introduites de maïs, manioc, niébé et piment dans la région Maritime-Est du Togo
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K. A. Agbodan, K. B. Amegnaglo, A. Adrou-Aledji, Madjouma Kanda, Koffi Akpagana, K. M. L. Agbodan, Sêmihinva Akpavi, and K. Batawila
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Geography ,Agricultural biodiversity ,Locale (computer software) ,Forestry ,Reduction test ,Antioxidant potential ,Eating habits - Abstract
Au Togo, l’importance accordee aux varietes locales diminue, suite au changement graduel des itineraires culturaux et des habitudes alimentaires. Ces varietes se trouvent menacees de disparition, au profit des varietes introduites. Pour une gestion durable de cette diversite locale, une caracterisation morphologique s’avere cruciale. Tres peu d’etude ont porte, sur la caracterisation agromorphologique des varietes locales des principales cultures (mais, manioc, niebe et piment) de la region Maritime-Est du Togo, ainsi que leurs valeurs nutritionnelles. Cette etude a pour objectif de faire une description agromorphologique et une determination du degre de menace ainsi que du potentiel antioxydant des varietes locales tres menacees et celles nouvellement introduites de mais, manioc, niebe et piment. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, des enquetes ethnobotaniques sont realisees dans 25 villages, aupres de 126 personnes ressources. Les villages sont choisis afin d’avoir une repartition homogene et une couverture totale des ethnies. Quant aux personnes ressources, elles sont choisies sur accord des autorites locales ayant pris connaissance dudit questionnaire. Les varietes locales ont ete differentiees grâce aux descripteurs agromorphologiques retenus a cet effet. Le degre de menace a ete determine grâce a la matrice « varietes locales x localites ». L’analyse en composante principale a permis d’evaluer la structuration de la diversite locale sur la base des criteres agromorphologiques. Les 44 varietes locales sont discriminees en quatre categories. Les categories des varietes locales tres menacees ; menacees ; assez menacees et peu menacees contiennent respectivement quatre, six, dix-huit et seize varietes locales. Le test de reduction de la 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle est utilise pour determiner le potentiel antioxydant des extraits des varietes locales tres menacees (Ayidzin, Adibolo, Katowali et Blikouhe) et celles introduites. Les varietes locales tres menacees ont toutes, un potentiel antioxydant remarquable en comparaison aux varietes introduites. Le rapport est de l’ordre de 1,4 pour le piment ; 2,6 pour le mais ; 5,2 pour le manioc et 6,4 pour le niebe. Ces donnees permettront une valorisation de cette agrobiodiversite en vue de leur sauvegarde. L’utilisation des varietes locales permettra ainsi de lutter contre la malnutrition et favorisera une gestion durable de ces ressources phytogenetiques. Un profond screening phytochimique s’avere necessaire, afin d’identifier les molecules responsables des differences de potentiel antioxydant. Mots cles: Mais, Manioc, Piment, Niebe, varietes locales, agrobiodiversite, antioxydant, agromorphologiques, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle English Title: Agromorphological description and determination of the antioxidant potential of the underutilized and newly introduced varieties of maize cassava, cowpea and hot pepper in the Maritime-East region of TogoIn Togo, the importance given to local varieties of plants is decreasing due to the gradual change in cropping patterns and eating habits. These varieties are threatened with extinction for the benefit of introduced varieties. For sustainable management of these local varieties, a morphological characterization is necessary. Little research has been carried out on the agromorphological characterization of local varieties of the main crops(maize, cassava, cowpea and pepper) of the Maritime-East region of Togo, as well as their nutritional values. This study aims to undertake inventory of the local varieties, to determine their degree of threat, and to compare the antioxidant potential of the highly endangered local varieties and those introduced (corn, cassava, cowpeas and pepper). To achieve these objectives, ethnobotanical surveys were carried out in 25 villages, with 126resource persons. The villages were chosen in order to have a homogeneous distribution and a total coverage of the ethnic groups. As for the resource persons, they were chosen by agreement of the local authorities who have taken note of the questionnaire. Local varieties have been differentiated by the agromorphological descriptors used for this purpose. The degree of extinction threat was determined by the "local varieties xlocalities" matrix. The principal component analysis made it possible to evaluate the structuring of local diversity on the basis of agromorphological criteria. The 44 local varieties are discriminated in four categories. The category of very threatened local varieties; threatened; fairly threatened and less threatened contain respectively four, six, eighteen and sixteen local varieties. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reduction test is used to determine the antioxidant potential of the highly endangered local varieties (Ayidzin, Adibolo, Katowali and Blikouhe) and those introduced. The highly endangered local varieties all have significant antioxidant potential compared to the introduced varieties. The ratio was as follows: 1.4 for pepper; 2.6 for maize; 5.2 for cassava and 6.4 for cowpea. These data will, thus, make possible the valorization of this agrobiodiversity with aims to safeguarding. The use of local varieties will thus help to combat malnutrition and promote sustainable management of these plant genetic resources. A deep phytochemical screening should be necessary to identify the molecules responsible for differences in antioxidant potential. Key words: Maize, cassava, pepper, cowpea, local varieties, agrobiodiversity, antioxidant, agromorphological, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- Published
- 2020
6. Effect of Mineral and Organic Fertilizer on the Performance of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in the Forest Area of the Central African Republic
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E. Kosh-Komba, Gougodo De Mon-Zoni L. J., J. Akoth Omenda, M. Zaman, B. Mingabaye-Bendima, K. Batawila, and Koffi Akpagana
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
7. Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for The Treatment of Childhood Infections in the Central Region of Togo.
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K. K., Koukoura, P., Pissang, Y. P., Hoekou, I., Maman, A., Sadji, S., Effoe, A., Agban, Tchacondo, D. S., Karou, and K., Batawila
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MEDICINAL plants ,CITATION analysis ,ALIMENTARY canal ,MAYTENUS ,HEALERS ,EUPHORBIA - Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying and documenting medicinal plants used as medicines in the traditional treatment of infections of the digestive tract (diarrhea, oral thrush and anites) by traditional healers in the central region of Togo. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews method from 45 traditional practitioners. This study identified 61 plants species, from 54 genera and 26 botanical families. The most represented families were Fabaceae (9 genera / 9 species), Asteraceae (5/5), Combretaceae (4/5), Moraceae (2/5) and Euphorbiaceae (4/4). The most cited species are: Parkia biglobosa (Frequency of Citation = Frequency of citation = 12.92%), Pteleopsis suberosa (Frequency of Citation = 8.31%), Maytenus senegalensis (Frequency of Citation = 8.31%), Anchomanes difformis (Frequency of Citation = 7.38%) and Hymenocardia acida (Frequency of Citation = 4.37%). Sixty-seven percent (67%) of the identified plants are used in the treatment of childhood diarrhea. The leaves (30%) are the most used plant parts followed by stem barks. The decoction (59%) is the most used mode of preparation. The oral route (66%) remains the main route of administration of the phytomedicines. The medicinal plants are important in the traditional treatment of childhood infections in the central region of Togo. It is therefore necessary to investigate the effectiveness and toxicity of these plants for a better traditional use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Manihot esculenta (Crantz)’ Diversity Management by Peaysants in Pissa and Damara’s Districts in the Central African Republic (A Comparative Approach)
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De Mon-Zoni Julie Léancy, Gougodo, primary, E, Kosh-Komba, additional, Yongo, Bombo-, additional, M, Zaman, additional, GI, Touckia, additional, I, Zinga, additional, S, Semballa, additional, A, Mololi, additional, K, Batawila, additional, and K, Akpagana, additional
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- 2021
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9. Comparative Performance of Traditional Farming Practices and Improved Practice on the Development of Cassava in the Field in Pissa (Central African Republic)
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P Yandia, L Mon-Zoni, S Semballa, E Kosh-Komba, Touckia Gi, K Batawila, K Akpagana, Zinga Innocent, and L Toumnou
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Geography ,Agroforestry ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Field (Bourdieu) ,business - Published
- 2018
10. Agrodiversite, gestion paysanne et importance de Dioscorea praehensilis Benth. Ans la zone subhumide du Togo
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EP Wembou, Marra Dourma, A Dansi, K. Batawila, Koffi Akpagana, Yao Agbelessessi Woegan, Koffi Tozo, AK Gbogbo, and Kpérkouma Wala
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Geography ,Forestry ,Dioscorea praehensilis ,Igname, bayèrè, Dioscorea praehensilis, agrodiversité, gestion, valeurs, contraintes, conservation, sud- ouest Togo - Abstract
Dioscorea praehensilis Benth. constitue une importante igname dans certains pays de l’Afrique de l’ouest et du centre car elle y contribue a la securite alimentaire et a la reduction de la pauvrete. Au Togo, bien que cette espece soit cultivee a des fins de consommation par certaines populations locales depuis longtemps, elle demeure marginale. L’objectif de cette etude est d’inventorier la diversite de D. praehensilis cultive appele bayere dans la zone forestiere du Togo, d’analyser sa distribution, d’en documenter les valeurs socioculturelles, economiques, alimentaires et les pratiques paysannes de gestion. Pour ce faire des enquetes ethnobotaniques semi-structurees a l’echelle individuelle et celles de focus groupes ont ete conduites dans 34 localites aupres des producteurs de D. praehensilis et completees par des observations de terrains. Les donnees recueillies ont ete analysees par la statistique descriptive et les resultats presentes sous forme de tableaux et de figures. Selon la couleur du tubercule, les producteurs distinguent quatre types de bayere cultives a savoir le bayere « blanc », le bayere « noir », le bayere « jaune » et le bayere « rouge ». Ces bayere sont obtenus par transplantation et mise en culture d’individus sauvages dans les agroforets ou dans les jardins de case ou leur preservation lors de l’implantation des agroforets. Le bayere blanc est present chez tous les producteurs enquetes (100%) alors que les trois autres sont signales chez moins de 50% des enquetes. 45% des unites de production de bayere sont des jardins de case et 55% des agroforets. L’heritage (70%), le don (28%) et l’achat (1,2%) des semences assurent le maintien, la transmission et la diffusion des bayere et le bouturage la conservation de leur purete. Les qualites culinaires (100%), la productivite elevee (100%), la bonne regeneration (65%) sont les plus determinants dans le maintien des bayere. La faible valeur commerciale (34%), la recolte difficile (25%), le manque de semenceaux (23%), l’inadaptabilite aux zones seches (25%), le recul de la foret (24%), la perte des valeurs culturelles (20%), la scolarisation des jeunes (21%) sont les principales contraintes a la production des bayere et contribuent a la perte de leur diversite. Cette espece negligee fait partie du patrimoine economique, biologique, sociale, culturelle locale et dispose d’une potentialite non negligeable lui permettant de jouer un role important dans le maintien des moyens de subsistance, le bien-etre humain et l'amelioration de la sante. Mots cles: Igname, bayere, Dioscorea praehensilis , agrodiversite, gestion, valeurs, contraintes, conservation, sud- ouest Togo
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- 2017
11. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz), (EUPHORBIACEAE) GROWN IN THREE AGROCLIMATIC ZONES OF CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
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Zinga, Innocent, E, Kosh Komba, F, Duval M, S, Akpavi, A, Atato, P, Yandia, K, Batawila, S, Semballa, K, Akpagana, Zinga, Innocent, E, Kosh Komba, F, Duval M, S, Akpavi, A, Atato, P, Yandia, K, Batawila, S, Semballa, and K, Akpagana
- Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Krants) introduced in the Central African Republic (CAR) in the 1850s, is now the staple food of the population. It does not know the genetic diversity of cultivated accessions in peasant communities. To assess this diversity, microsatellite technique was used on the 179 accessions identified. 137 alleles were amplified with an average of 5.95 alleles at the 23 loci. Analysis of genetic diversity within varieties across five villages showed that 46 accessions of 49 have a genotypic homogeneity is 93.87%. Only accessions "Tokonenanga" (Ndanga) "Touguenlag" (Soungbe) and "Sereka" (Karama) are each represented by two different genotypes.
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- 2015
12. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz), (EUPHORBIACEAE) GROWN IN THREE AGROCLIMATIC ZONES OF CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
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Zinga, Innocent, primary, E, Kosh Komba, additional, F, Duval M, additional, S, Akpavi, additional, A, Atato, additional, P, Yandia, additional, K, Batawila, additional, S, Semballa, additional, and K, Akpagana, additional
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- 2015
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13. Contribution a l’etude de quelques maladies fongiques dans les perimetres maraichers de Lome (Togo)
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K Batawila, KA Gbogbo, K Amoussou, K. Akpagana, Madjouma Kanda, K Wala, and PH Bouchet
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Fusarium ,Horticulture ,Geography ,biology ,Stemphylium sp ,Pepper ,Botany ,Potato dextrose agar ,Vegetables, fungal diseases, fungi ,Onion bulb ,Alternaria ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
A survey conducted in the market gardens of Lome (Togo) have allowed to record and identify the main diseases which limit vegetable production. Organ rot and leaves spot are among the most frequent affection, respectively 20% and 17.5% of the cultivated vegetables. Small pieces of cankered sweet pepper leaves, cankered lettuce leaves and rotten onion bulb cultuved on Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar and on Potato Dextrose Agar+chloramphenicol have allowed to describe three (3) fungal diseases as lettuce and sweet pepper alternariose caused by Alternaria sp., onion bulb rot caused by Fusarium and sweet pepper stemphyliose caused by Stemphylium sp. Preventive measures will be find in improvement of gardening practices. Une prospection realisee dans les exploitations maraicheres de la ville de Lome (Togo) a permis d’identifier les pourritures d’organes et les taches foliaires comme etant les principales affections qui freinent la production des cultures maraicheres. Elles affectent respectivement 20% et 17,5% des legumes cultives. L’isolement et l’identification des micromycetes responsables sont faits a partir des cultures de fragments de bulbes d’oignon pourris, de feuilles necrosees de poivron et de laitue sur gelose Sabouraud chloramphenicol et sur Potato Dextrose Agar chloramphenicol. Trois maladies fongiques sont decrites : l’alternariose de la laitue et du poivron causee par Alternaria sp., le pourridie fusarien des bulbes d’oignon du a Fusarium sp. et la stemphyliose du poivron dont l’agent pathogene est Stemphylium sp. Des mesures preventives a prendre resident dans l’amelioration des pratiques culturales
- Published
- 2010
14. Evaluation phytosanitaire de varietes locales et de nouvelles varietes de tomate (lycopersicum esculentum l.) au Togo
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A Anene, K Akpagana, KE Kpemoua, and K Batawila
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Aphis ,Leafhopper ,Horticulture ,biology ,Bacterial wilt ,New Variety ,food and beverages ,Blight ,Whitefly ,biology.organism_classification ,Fusarium wilt ,Phytosanitary certification - Abstract
In the frame of the adaptability study of 20 tomato varieties to the West African ecological conditions; the phytosanitary behavior of these varieties was accessed in the comparison with 2 local varieties. The major pests identified on the tomato plants were: whitefly, broad mites, fruitworm, aphis and leafhopper. The evaluation of their effects showed that only the attack of fruitworm was higher on local varieties than the new varieties. Ten (10) new varieties have presented x level of resistance to viral disease as the local varieties on 1 to 5 notation scale. The assess of fungal diseases on plants showed that 16 new tomato varieties were susceptible to fusarium wilt than the local ones. Only one new variety was more resistant to early fungal blight caused by A. alternata than locales varieties. The assessment of bacterial diseases showed that 16 new varieties were as resistant as local varieties to bacterial spot on plants. All the varieties except one were resistant to bacterial wilt. In laboratory, in vitro isolation and characterization of the major pathogens from sampled disease symptoms allowed to purify and identify fungal isolates like F. oxysporum and A. alternata, then bacterial isolates like X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and P. syringae. The viral pathogens were not characterized.
- Published
- 2010
15. Stratégies paysannes de conservation de quelques ressources phytogénétiques dans le Moyen-Mono au Togo
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R Vodouhe, K Akpagana, M Banoin, K Batawila, and S Akpavi
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Togo, Moyen-Mono, ressources phytogénétiques, pratiques de conservation ,General Medicine - Abstract
L\' etude, realisee dans le Moyen-mono (Sud-Est du Togo), analyse les pratiques paysannes de conservation des ressources phytogenetiques. Les pratiques agricoles sont evaluees selon leur modalite, leur opportunite et leur efficacite a travers des interviews semi-structurees et des observations directes dans les champs et les menages. Les pratiques de conservation des semences les plus courantes observees sont l\'utilisation des greniers de types «Huidza» et «Ava» pour le mais, la mise en bidons et futs pour le niebe. Des produits sont utilises pour renforcer la conservation. Il s\'agit de la cendre, du jus d\' Azadirachta indica, du sable fin, des grains de sel de cuisine, de la sciure de bois pour le mais ; du pericarpe sec de Citrus sp. et/ou du Capsicum sp. pour le niebe. Des bottes de tiges de manioc sont mises contre tuteurs en milieu ombrage alors que les semences d\'ignames sont conservees en cloture a domicile ou en fosse au champ. Ces pratiques, tres efficaces, portant moins atteinte a l\'environnement doivent etre encouragees. The study undertaken in Middle-Mono, South-east Togo, aims to analyse farmers conservation practices of PhytoGenetic Resources. Agricultural practices were assessed according type, opportunity and effectiveness, through semi-structured household interviews and direct farm observations. The main practices of seed conservation are the use of «Huidza» and «Ava» granaries for maize, cask or bole and baril for cowpea. Some homemade products are added to seeds in order improve conservation ; these are kitchen salt, woodash, sawdust, fine sand, Azadirachta indica juice, for maize and dry pericarp of Citrus sp. and/or Capsicum sp. for cowpea. Top boots of cassava are staked while yam seeds are put into pits in farm or in a barn at home. As the practices of phytogenetic resources conservation in Moyen-Mono are found to be efficient and have less environmental adverse effects, their use by farmes must be encouraged. Keywords : Togo, Moyen-Mono, ressources phytogenetiques, pratiques de conservation. Agronomie Africaine Vol. 19 (3) 2007: pp. 337-349
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- 2009
16. Flux de la diversite des cultivars dans la prefecture du Moyen-Mono au Togo
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M Banoin, K. Batawila, R Vodouhe, S Akpavis, Kpérkouma Wala, K Akpangana, and K A Gbogbo
- Abstract
No Abstract. J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lomé (Togo) Vol. 7(1) (Serie A) 2005: pp. 19-27
- Published
- 2007
17. Analyse pollinique des miels de la foret classee de la lama (Benin) et son apport a la connaissance le la flore apicole
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K Akpagana, G.M. Tossou, H Yedomonhan, A Akoegninou, and K Batawila
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No Abstract. J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lomé (Togo) Vol. 7(1) (Serie A) 2005: pp. 83-92
- Published
- 2007
18. Proprietes antifongiques de quatre especies d\'Eucalyptus de Togo
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KA Gbogbo, Sêmihinva Akpavi, Kossi Honoré Koumaglo, K Batawila, G.M. Tossou, K Akpagana, K Wala, and E Kosh-kombe
- Published
- 2007
19. AGRODIVERSITE, GESTION PAYSANNE ET IMPORTANCE DE DIOSCOREA PRAEHENSILIS BENTH. DANS LA ZONE SUBHUMIDE DU TOGO.
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E. P., Wembou, M., Dourma, K., Wala, Y., Woegan, A., Gbogbo, K., Batawila, A., Dansi, K., Tozo, and Akpagana, K.
- Abstract
Dioscorea praehensilis Benth. make up an important yam that contributes to food security and poverty alleviation in some countries of west and central Africa. In spite of its huge economic potential and as a source of food security, D. praehensilis locally called bayere still remains an underutilized in Togo. This study was carried out to assess the diversity within the cultivated D. praehensilis, analyze its distribution, document it's socio-cultural, economic and food values, farmer's practices of diversity management. Ethnobotanical semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were carried out with producers of D. praehensilis and supplemented by field observations. Producers of D. praehensilis were surveyed in 34 villages. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics to generate summaries figures and tables at different levels. Altogether, informants described four cultivated types of D. praehensilis; white bayere, yellow bayere, black bayere and red bayere. These cultivated yams were obtained after transplantation and culture of wild plants in home gardens and agroforests or their preservation in agroforests. White bayere is present in all surveyed producers while the other four are reported in less than 50% of respondents. Bayere are cultivated in home gardens (45%) and agroforests (55%). Several farmers' practices of bayere management are developed. The most common practices to maintain bayere diversity are the heritage of seeds (70%), the gift (28%) and purchase (1.2%). The strategy adopted by farmers to preserve the purity of the bayere is its tubers cuttings. Peasant's preference criteria of types are mainly agronomic and dietary. Factors such as good culinary characteristics (100%), high yield (100%), and seed generation capacity (65%) are important criteria for selection of type and their continual cultivation. Low market quality (34%), difficult harvest (25%), lack of seed (23%), maladjustment in dry areas (25%), reduction of the forest (24%), loss of the cultural values (20%), schooling of young people (21%) were major determinant of bayere neglect and contribute bayere to the loss of diversity. This neglected species is part of a rich economic, biological, social and cultural local diversity, and has the potential to play a much more important role than they do today in sustaining livelihoods and human wellbeing and in enhancing ecosystem health and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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20. Anti-Th17 and anti-Th2 responses effects of hydro-ethanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Khaya senegalensis and Xylopia aethiopica in hyperreactive onchocerciasis individuals' peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Katawa G, Ataba E, Ritter M, Amessoudji OM, Awesso ER, Tchadié PE, Bara FD, Douti FV, Arndts K, Tchacondo T, Batawila K, Ameyapoh Y, Hoerauf A, Karou SD, and Layland LE
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- Cytokines metabolism, Humans, Interleukin-17 metabolism, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Th1 Cells, Th17 Cells, Meliaceae, Onchocerciasis, Xylopia, Zingiberaceae
- Abstract
Hyperreactive onchocerciasis (HO) is characterized by a severe skin inflammation with elevated Th17-Th2 combined responses. We previously demonstrated the anthelminthic activity of Aframomum melegueta (AM), Xylopia aethiopica (XA) and Khaya senegalensis (KS) used by traditional healers to treat helminthiasis in the endemic area of Togo. However, their effect on severe onchocerciasis is poorly investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-Th17 and anti-Th2 effects of hydro-ethanolic extracts of AM, XA and KS during HO. Onchocerca volvulus-infected individuals were recruited in the Central region of Togo in 2018. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both generalized onchocerciasis (GEO) and HO forms were activated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies in the presence or absence of the hydro-ethanolic extracts of AM, XA and KS as well as their delipidated, deproteinized and deglycosylated fractions. After 72 hours, cytokines were assayed from cell culture supernatants. Then, flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects of the extracts on cell activation, proliferation, intracellular cytokines and T cells transcription factors. The production of both Th17 and Th2 cytokines IL-17A and IL-5 were significantly inhibited upon T-cell receptor (TCR) activation in the presence of the hydro-ethanolic extracts of AM, XA and KS in HO individuals' PBMCs in vitro. AM and XA inhibited CD4+RORC2+IL-17A+ and CD4+GATA3+IL-4+ cell populations induction. This inhibition was not Th1 nor Treg-dependent since both IFN-γ and IL-10 were also inhibited by the extracts. AM and XA did not interfere with T cell activation and proliferation for their inhibitory pathways. Lipid and protein compounds from AM and XA were associated with the inhibition of IL-17A. This study showed that in addition to their anthelminthic effects, hydro-ethanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Xylopia aethiopica and Khaya senegalensis could downregulate both Th17 and Th2 responses and prevent the severe skin disorder observed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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21. Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo.
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Ataba E, Katawa G, Ritter M, Ameyapoh AH, Anani K, Amessoudji OM, Tchadié PE, Tchacondo T, Batawila K, Ameyapoh Y, Hoerauf A, Layland LE, and Karou SD
- Subjects
- Adult, Ethnobotany, Female, Humans, Male, Meliaceae, Surveys and Questionnaires, Togo, Xylopia, Zingiberaceae, Anthelmintics pharmacology, Anthelmintics therapeutic use, Helminthiasis drug therapy, Medicine, African Traditional methods
- Abstract
Background: Traditional medicines are the main source of treatment of helminthiasis in endemic areas of Togo. The present study aimed to investigate the plants used by Traditional healers (THs) to treat helminth infections in endemic communities within the Central and Kara regions of Togo and to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the three most cited plants., Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted from 19 to 24 June 2017 among traditional healers in the Central and Kara regions of Togo. The anthelmintic activity of the most cited plants namely Aframomum melegueta K. Schum, Khaya senegalensis A. Juss and Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich, was evaluated using microfilariae (Mf) of Litomosoides sigmodontis. The plants were evaluated for cytotoxicity according to the recommendation of NF EN ISO 10993-5 standard using the propidium iodide (PI) dye by flow cytometry on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells., Results: A total of 197 THs were interviewed and 41 plant species were recorded. Leguminosae (14.6%) and Annonaceae (9.7%) families constitute the highest number of species cited for treatment of helminth infections. Afromomum melegueta was the most cited by the THs for the treatment of onchocerciasis (UV = 0.036) while X. aethiopica was associated with the treatment of schistosomiasis (UV = 0.061) and lymphatic filariasis (UV = 0.061). There was a great agreement among the THs regarding ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat helminthiasis with ICF values ranging from 0.57 to 0.67. The anthelmintic assay yielded lethal doses values of 233 μg/mL, 265 μg/mL and 550 μg/mL, respectively for X. aethiopica, A. melegueta and K. senegalensis. Afromomum melegueta and X. aethiopica presented no cytotoxicity, less than 20% death, whereas K. senegalensis induced moderate toxicity, 24 ± 8% death., Conclusion: This study demonstrated the scientific rationale for the use of plants to treat helminthiasis in the Togolese traditional medicine. However, the use of K. senegalensis requires more caution since the plant is fairly toxic., Trial Registration: NA.
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- 2020
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22. [Corrigendum: Ethnobotanical study of plants used in the treatment of diabetes in the traditional medicine of Maritime Region, Togo].
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Gbekley HE, Karou DS, Gnoula C, Kodjovi, Anani AK, Tchacondo T, Agbonon A, Batawila K, and Simpore J
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.437.5660.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.437.5660.].
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- 2018
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23. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir extracts, fractions and isolated compounds.
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Tittikpina NK, Nana F, Fontanay S, Philippot S, Batawila K, Akpagana K, Kirsch G, Chaimbault P, Jacob C, and Duval RE
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- Cell Line, Fibroblasts, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plants, Medicinal, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Pterocarpus chemistry
- Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pterocarpus erinaceus has been chosen based on ethnobotanical surveys carried out in the Tchamba district of the Republic of Togo., Aim of the Study: Investigation of the antibacterial as well as cytotoxic activities of whole extracts, fractions and compounds isolated from the leaves, trunk bark and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus., Materials and Methods: Bio-guided fractionation of the raw extracts of plant parts and subsequent isolation of compounds from active fractions using normal phase open column chromatography. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity, based on the determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) against several bacterial species representative of the most commonly encountered infectious diseases worldwide. The cytotoxicity of the raw extract and the most active fractions on a human non-cancerous cell (namely MRC-5) was estimated with a MTT assay. The chemical structure of the compounds isolated was elucidated using a combination of advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS)., Results: All extracts and fractions tested have shown good activities against Gram-positive bacteria (including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values ranging from 32µg/mL to 256µg/mL. In contrast, extracts were not toxic to MRC-5 cells. Four compounds have been isolated: Compound 1 (friedeline); Compound 2 (2,3 dihydroxypropyloctacosanoate); Compound 3 (a mixture of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol); Compound 4 (β-sitosteryl-β-D-glucopyranoside) and shown to be active against some of the bacteria tested. They were active with MIC equal to 4µg/mL against strains of S. aureus (including MRSA). To the best of our knowledge, all of them except friedeline have never been reported in this plant species., Conclusion: P. erinaceus is confirmed as a plant harboring promising antibacterial activity with activities against serious human pathogens at very low concentrations. Some of the compounds isolated are also active at concentrations as low as 4µg/mL and therefore, may provide new leads for the development of antibacterial agents., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
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24. THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF HOLARRHENA FLORIBUNDA (G. DON) DUR. AND SCHINZ (APOCYNACEAE).
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Hoekou YP, Tchacondo T, Karou SD, Yerbanga RS, Achoribo E, Da O, Atakpama W, and Batawila K
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- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Antimalarials pharmacology, Bacteria growth & development, Female, Infections microbiology, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Klebsiella pneumoniae growth & development, Malaria blood, Malaria parasitology, Mice, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Parasitemia prevention & control, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Plant Leaves, Salmonella typhi drug effects, Salmonella typhi growth & development, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Staphylococcus aureus growth & development, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Antimalarials therapeutic use, Bacteria drug effects, Holarrhena, Infections drug therapy, Malaria prevention & control, Phytotherapy
- Abstract
Background: Holarrhena floribunda is a plant of wide usage in the Togolese folk medicine. A previous ethnobotanical survey on the latex plants of the Maritime region of the country revealed that this plant was included in several recipes curing malaria and microbial infections. Therefore, this study aimed to seek for the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of the plant in the treatment of these diseases., Methods: The antimicrobial test was performed using the agar well-diffusion and the NCCLS broth microdilution methods, while the in vivo antimalarial activity was evaluated following the four-day suppressive test of Peters. The acute toxic effects of the extract were monitored after a single oral dose (5,000 mg/kg body weight) administration in NMRI mice., Results: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of leaves of H. floribunda was active on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MICs ranging from 0.62 to 1.25 mg/mL. The extract also showed significant parasitaemia suppression in a dose-dependent manner. In the acute toxicity assay, the oral administration of the extract to the mice did not affect the relative weight of vital organs, and there were no signs of toxicity or death during the study period. The LD50 of the tested extract was found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg, indicating its safety., Conclusion: This study demonstrates the antibacterial and antimalarial activities of leaves of H. floribunda and then, supports its medicinal use in the treatment of microbial infections.
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- 2017
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25. ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF PLANTS USED TO TREAT ASTHMA IN THE MARITIME REGION IN TOGO.
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Gbekley HE, Katawa G, Karou SD, Anani S, Tchadjobo T, Ameyapoh Y, Batawila K, and Simpore J
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- Adult, Aged, Asthma diagnosis, Ethnobotany, Female, Humans, Male, Medicine, African Traditional methods, Middle Aged, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts chemistry, Spiritual Therapies methods, Togo, Workforce, Asthma drug therapy, Medicine, African Traditional instrumentation, Plant Extracts administration & dosage, Plants, Medicinal chemistry, Spiritual Therapies instrumentation
- Abstract
Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in modern society and it is evident that its incidence and severity are increasing, however very little is known about the plants used in the management of the disease. This study therefore aimed to document the plants usage in the Togolese traditional medicine to treat asthma., Methodology: From January to June 2015, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire with traditional healers (THs) in the southern region of Togo. The importance of the plants species was assessed by the calculated use values., Results: In Total, 121 THs (92 males and 29 females) were interviewed and 98 plants species belonging to 54 families were identified as curing asthma. The most represented families were: Leguminosae with 7 species followed by Euphorbiaceae and Rutaceae contributing with 6 and 5 species respectively. Based on the calculated use values the most important species were Carcica papaya L., Cataranthus roseus L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Piper guineense Thonn., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., Eucalyptus globules Labill. and Euphorbia hirta L. The leaves and the root were the parts predominantly used to prepare the formulations, mainly decoctions, administrated by oral route. Clinical manifestations such as wheezing (91.74%), difficulty as speaking or coughing (73.55%), dyspnea (66.94%), dry cough (52.89%), sweating and increased heart rate (52.07%) were used by TH to diagnose the disease., Conclusion: This study showed initial evidence of the use of plant materials by Togolese TH to heal asthma. These results could be a starting point for laboratory screenings.
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- 2016
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26. Turning Waste into Value: Nanosized Natural Plant Materials of Solanum incanum L. and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir with Promising Antimicrobial Activities.
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Griffin S, Tittikpina NK, Al-Marby A, Alkhayer R, Denezhkin P, Witek K, Gbogbo KA, Batawila K, Duval RE, Nasim MJ, Awadh-Ali NA, Kirsch G, Chaimbault P, Schäfer KH, Keck CM, Handzlik J, and Jacob C
- Abstract
Numerous plants are known to exhibit considerable biological activities in the fields of medicine and agriculture, yet access to their active ingredients is often complicated, cumbersome and expensive. As a consequence, many plants harbouring potential drugs or green phyto-protectants go largely unnoticed, especially in poorer countries which, at the same time, are in desperate need of antimicrobial agents. As in the case of plants such as the Jericho tomato, Solanum incanum, and the common African tree Pterocarpus erinaceus, nanosizing of original plant materials may provide an interesting alternative to extensive extraction and isolation procedures. Indeed, it is straightforward to obtain considerable amounts of such common, often weed-like plants, and to mill the dried material to more or less uniform particles of microscopic and nanoscopic size. These particles exhibit activity against Steinernema feltiae or Escherichia coli, which is comparable to the ones seen for processed extracts of the same, respective plants. As S. feltiae is used as a model nematode indicative of possible phyto-protective uses in the agricultural arena, these findings also showcase the potential of nanosizing of crude "waste" plant materials for specific practical applications, especially-but not exclusively-in developing countries lacking a more sophisticated industrial infrastructure.
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- 2016
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27. An ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat liver diseases in the Maritime region of Togo.
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Kpodar MS, Karou SD, Katawa G, Anani K, Gbekley HE, Adjrah Y, Tchacondo T, Batawila K, and Simpore J
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Herbal Medicine methods, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Ethnobotany methods, Liver Diseases drug therapy, Medicine, Traditional methods, Phytotherapy methods, Plant Preparations therapeutic use, Plants, Medicinal chemistry
- Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In Togo, many persons still rely on plants for healing, however very little is known about the medicinal practices of the indigenous people. The present study aimed to document the medicinal plant utilization for the management of liver diseases in the Maritime region of the country., Methodology: This was an ethnobotanical survey conducted in the Maritime region of Togo from June to August 2015. The data were gathered from 104 traditional healers (TH) by direct interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The calculated use values (UV) were used to analyze the importance of the cited plants., Results: A total of 99 plant species belonging to 88 genera and 49 families were cited by the TH as curing the hepatic diseases. The most represented families were Caesalpiniaceae with 8 species, followed by Euphorbiaceae with 7 species, Apocynaceae and Asteraceae with 6 species each. The highest UV were recorded with Gomphrena celosioides (0.13), Xylopia ethiopica (0.12), Senna occidentalis (0.12), Bridelia ferruginea (0.12), Cymbopogon citratus (0.12), Kigellia Africana (0.09), Cassia sieberiana (0.08) and Sanseviera liberica (0.08), showing their importance in the management of liver dysfunction in the surveyed region. The main used parts were the leaves, followed by the roots, the whole plant, the rhizome and the bark, accounting for more than 10% each. The herbal medicines were mostly prepared in the form of decoction and administrated by oral route., Conclusion: This study showed that Maritime region of Togo has an important plant biodiversity that is exploited by the indigenous TH. However, some plants cited by the TH have not been studied for their possible hepatoprotective effects. These plants are therefore a starting point for biological screenings., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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28. Ethnobotanical Study of Latex Plants in the Maritime Region of Togo.
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Hoekou YP, Tchacondo T, Karou SD, Koudouvo K, Atakpama W, Pissang P, Gbogbo AK, Woegan AY, Batawila K, Akpagana K, and Gbeassor M
- Abstract
Background: In Togo, a little is known about latex plants of the flora used for medicinal purposes., Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the latex plant species and their medicinal uses in the Maritime Region of Togo., Materials and Methods: The methodology was based on ethnobotanical semi-structural individual interviews of 220 informants. Quantitative ethnobotanical index was used to analyze the data., Results: A total of 33 latex plants species were recorded, from 12 botanical families and 24 genera. The most represented families were Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae with eight species each. The relative importance (RI) value of each species and the informant consensus factor (ICF) of the ailments categories showed that Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (RI = 2.00) and Euphorbia hirta L. (RI = 1.91) were the most versatile in relation to their uses, and infectious diseases (ICF = 0.922) were the category with the greatest consensus among 17 categories., Conclusion: These latex plants of Togolese flora are variously used in traditional medicine and it would be important to undertake further investigations in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology to validate their uses. Abbreviations Used: UV: use value ICF: informant consensus factor RI: relative importance PP: pharmacological properties attributed to a species for a specific ailments AC: ailment categories treated by a given species.
- Published
- 2016
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29. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria in the Plateau Region, Togo.
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Agbodeka K, Gbekley HE, Karou SD, Anani K, Agbonon A, Tchacondo T, Batawila K, Simpore J, and Gbeassor M
- Abstract
Background: In Togo, malaria constitutes a major public health problem but, until now, the population still mostly relies on herbal medicine for healing. This study aimed to document medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in the Plateau region of the country., Methodology: Semi-structured questionnaire interviews were used to gather ethnobotanical and sociodemographic data from traditional healers of the study area., Results: A total of 61 plants species belonging to 33 families were found to be in use for malaria therapy in the Plateau region. Caesalpiniaceae were the most represented family with 7 species, followed by Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae with 4 species each. According to the relative frequency of citation (RFC), Newbouldia laevis Seem. (RFC =0.52), Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A. Bruce (RFC =0.48), Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (RFC =0.43), and Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby (RFC =0.40) were the most cited in the treatment of malaria in the traditional medicine in the Plateau region. The parts of plants used could either be the barks, roots, leaves, or whole plants. The recipes also could be a combination of various species of plants or plant parts., Conclusion: This study highlights the potential sources for the development of new antimalarial drugs from indigenous medicinal plants found in the Plateau region of Togo. Such results could be a starting point for in vitro antimalarial screenings., Summary: 61 plants species from 33 families are use for malaria therapy in the Plateau region of TogoThe main families are Caesalpiniaceae Euphorbiaceae and PoaceaeThe most used species are Newbouldia laevis Seem. (RFC = 0.52), Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A. Bruce (RFC = 0.48), Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (RFC = 0.43), and Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby (RFC = 0.40) Abbreviations Used: RFC: Relative frequency of citation, FC: Frequency of citation, Dec: Decoction, Orl: Oral route, Mac: Maceration, Jui: Juice, Inf: Infusion, Sau: Sauce, Kne: Kneading, Le: Leaves, Rt: Roots, Wp: Whole plant, St: Stem, Stb: Stem bark, Rh: Rhizome, Fr: Fruits, Pf: Plasmodium falciparum, IC50: Concentration of extract killing 50% parasites.
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- 2016
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30. Medicinal plants use in central Togo (Africa) with an emphasis on the timing.
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Tchacondo T, Karou SD, Agban A, Bako M, Batawila K, Bawa ML, Gbeassor M, and de Souza C
- Abstract
Background: Plant-based remedies continue to play a key role in the health care of people in Togo; however, there is a lack of published data in medicinal plants and medical practices of the people in the country., Objective: This study was aimed at documenting the plant utilization in the Tem folk medicine in the central region of Togo., Materials and Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with traditional healers in the central region of Togo using a semi-structured questionnaire., Results: This study demonstrated that local specialists in the central region of Togo tend to agree with each other in terms of the plants used to treat diabetes (ICF = 0.38), infertility, and abdominal pains (ICF = 0.33), but cite a much more diverse groups of plants to treat problems related to arterial hypertension, sickle cell disease, and abscess. They use 144 herbal concoctions made of 72 plants, distributed among 36 botanical families. The Euphorbiaceae family with eight species was best represented in terms of the number of species. The species with the highest use value were Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae) (UV = 0.36), Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Gentianaceae) (UV = 0.27), Trichilia emetica Vahl (Meliaceae) (UV = 0.25), and Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce (Rubiaceae) (UV = 0.21). They also rely on the timing in the plant processing and the administration of herbal remedies., Conclusion: All these findings are based on empirical observations; laboratory screenings are needed to check the effectiveness of these plants.
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- 2012
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31. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the management of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the Central Region of Togo.
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Karou SD, Tchacondo T, Djikpo Tchibozo MA, Abdoul-Rahaman S, Anani K, Koudouvo K, Batawila K, Agbonon A, Simpore J, and de Souza C
- Subjects
- Adult, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Medicine, African Traditional, Socioeconomic Factors, Togo, Young Adult, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology, Diabetes Mellitus drug therapy, Ethnobotany, Hypertension drug therapy, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Plants, Medicinal classification
- Abstract
Context: The Tem tribe in the Central Region of Togo is a population with an extensive knowledge of medicinal plants. However, little is known about their medical practices, principally the use of plants in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN)., Objective: The present study documented the indigenous medicinal plant utilization for the management of DM and HTN in the Togo Central Region., Methodology: From March to October 2010, 55 traditional healers were interviewed about their knowledge on the use of plants for DM and HTN treatment., Results: The results revealed that 35/55 (63.64%) healers had treated at least one case of DM and/or HTN. They highlighted the use of 64 species belonging to 31 families in the treatment of DM and/or HTN. The most used plants against diabetes were Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A. Bruce (Rubiaceae), Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Phyllanthaceae), and Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. (Polygalacae), while Allium sativum L. (Liliaceae) and Parkia biglobosa Benth. (Fabaceae), followed by Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. (Rubiaceae), and Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) were the most commonly cited as antihypertensive., Conclusion: The issue revealed that traditional healers of the above mentioned region have basic knowledge regarding herbal medicine for DM and HTN in comparison with previous published reports. Further pharmacological screening of the identified plants should be conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of these plants.
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- 2011
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32. Herbal remedies and their adverse effects in Tem tribe traditional medicine in Togo.
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Tchacondo T, Karou SD, Batawila K, Agban A, Ouro-Bang'na K, Anani KT, Gbeassor M, and de Souza C
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- Africa, Ethnobotany, Female, Humans, Male, Phytotherapy adverse effects, Population Groups, Togo, Medicine, African Traditional adverse effects, Plants, Medicinal adverse effects
- Abstract
In Africa, up to 80% of the population relies on herbal concoctions for their primarily health care. In Togo, western Africa, Tem tribe is a population with old knowledge of medicinal plants, however, still very little is known about their medical practices. The present study was conducted to access for the apprehension of adverse effects of traditional remedies by Tem traditional healers (TH). Enquiry was performed by interviews with healers from August to October 2007 in Tchaoudjo prefecture (Togo). The study allowed us to interview 54 TH including 41(75.93%) males and 13(24.07%) females, who cited 102 recipes assumed to have adverse effects. The recipes were used alone to cure several diseases including haemorrhoids (22.55%), female sexual disorders and infertility (21.57%), gastrointestinal disorders (18.63%), and malaria (6.86%). A total of 34 plants belonging to 21 families were cited to be components of the recipes. Euphorbiaceae and Mimosaceae families were the most represented, however, Nauclea latifolia, Khaya senegalensis, Pseudocedrela kotschyi and Xeroderris stuhlmannii were the main components of recipes linked to adverse effects. A total of 20 adverse effects were linked to the administration of theses drugs, and among them; diarrhoea, abdominal pains, polyuria, general weakness and vomiting were the most frequently encountered. These findings were in accordance with several reports of the literature concerning medicinal plants, although they were based on empirical observations. Laboratory screenings are needed to access for the effectiveness as well as the possible toxic effects of the recipes.
- Published
- 2011
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33. Antifungal activities of five Combretaceae used in Togolese traditional medicine.
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Batawila K, Kokou K, Koumaglo K, Gbéassor M, de Foucault B, Bouchet P, and Akpagana K
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- Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Medicine, Traditional, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Extracts administration & dosage, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Togo, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Mitosporic Fungi drug effects, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plants, Medicinal
- Abstract
Five species of Combretaceae growing in Togo were investigated for their antifungal activity against 20 pathogenic fungi (10 yeast and 10 filamentous fungi). The five hydroethanolic extracts of Terminalia glaucescens and Anogeissus leiocarpus appeared to be the most active, their MICs ranging from 0.25 mg/ml to 4 mg/ml. The results confirm the traditional therapeutic properties of these plants.
- Published
- 2005
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