80 results on '"K-L Catherine Jen"'
Search Results
2. Desk Jockey: A Device to Increase Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis in Adults
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Jiangqi Tang, Yulyu Yeh, Michael Scarchilli, and K.-L. Catherine Jen
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sedentary behavior (sb) ,portable device ,metabolic rates ,energy expenditure ,office workers ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Increased sedentary behavior (SB) has been shown to raise the risk of obesity and chronic diseases due to extended period of time spent sitting. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a portable device, “Desk Jockey” (DJ), on increasing non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) and reducing sedentary behavior in a simulated office environment. Thirteen participants whose daily work required long hours sitting were recruited and completed the study (seven males and six females). Metabolic rates (METs), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ) and heart rates (HRs) were measured using an indirect calorimeter during five sessions. These included one sedentary and four sessions with different pedaling frequencies and resistances. Each session included a 10 min baseline, 20 min pedaling and 20 min post-pedaling/recovery periods. Ratings of DJ’s usefulness were also obtained from each participants. Data revealed that METs, EE and HRs increased significantly (p’s < 0.0001) during pedaling period compared to the baseline period even though METs were still low (2.5 ± 0.6 MET) in each session. Total EE was significantly higher in sessions with pedaling (p’s < 0.0001) as compared with total sedentary session. RQ was not affected by pedaling. In high frequency sessions the METs during the 10 minutes recovery period were still higher (p’s < 0.05) than those at baseline. Thus pedaling frequency was a more important factor to METs and EE than resistance. DJ was tolerated well and no adverse effects was reported. It can be used by office workers to increase METs and EE during and post pedaling periods without interfering with work.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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3. Iron deficiency, but not anemia, is identified in naturally occurring obesity and insulin resistance in male nonhuman primates
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Uddhav K. Chaudhari, Jennifer D. Newcomb, K‐L Catherine Jen, and Barbara C. Hansen
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Male ,Hemoglobins ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,General Veterinary ,Animals ,Anemia ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Iron Deficiencies ,Obesity ,Insulin Resistance ,Macaca mulatta - Abstract
To understand the development of iron deficiency in obesity and its long-term impact on the profile of anemia in spontaneously obese nonhuman primates.The study included 69 adult male nonhuman primates, (NHPs, Macaca mulatta, rhesus monkeys), ranging from normal to obese, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as defined for humans.Iron deficiency was present in 31.9% and mild anemia in 13% of the rhesus monkey in the colony. Serum iron levels were significantly lower in obese (p .01) and T2D (p .01)) compared with normal NHP. Obese NHPs also had significantly higher hemoglobin (p .05), and red blood cell count (p .05) than normal weight NHPs, thus not related to anemia.Iron deficiency with increased hemoglobin and red blood cells was significantly associated with increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Iron deficiency does not cause and is not related to anemia in obese and T2D NHPs.
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- 2022
4. Lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with maintenance of normal body mass index in college students: a cross sectional study
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Sukhesh Sudan, K.-L. Catherine Jen, Thomas N. Templin, Bengt B. Arnetz, and Judith E. Arnetz
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Universities ,Cross-sectional study ,education ,lcsh:Medicine ,Logistic regression ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Psychological health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychosocial health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Students ,Prospective cohort study ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Life Style ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Body mass index ,Weight maintenance ,Response rate (survey) ,University ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,lcsh:R ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Academic year ,Research Note ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Normal body mass index ,business ,Psychosocial ,Demography ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with maintenance of normal body mass index (BMI, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Undergraduate students (n = 2781; 7.1% response rate) at a Big Ten university responded to a survey in 2018. BMI was calculated from the reported weight and height at the time of the survey and upon entering the university. Logistic regression analyses examined lifestyle and psychosocial health factors associated with maintenance of normal BMI by academic year. Results Current BMI was within normal range for 68.8% of freshmen and 60.6% of seniors. Never consuming fast food was a significant predictor for maintaining normal BMI in sophomores (OR 3.78; 95% CI 1.61, 8.88; p p p p
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- 2020
5. Additional file 1 of Lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with maintenance of normal body mass index in college students: a cross sectional study
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Arnetz, Bengt B., Templin, Thomas N., K.-L. Catherine Jen, Sukhesh Sudan, and Arnetz, Judith E.
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Additional file 1. Survey instrument.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. 2470-PUB: Standardized Glucose, Insulin, and ß-Cell Response to Glucose Reveal Important Details of the Pre-DM Trajectories Not Shown in Retrospective or Prospective Epidemiological Analyses
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Barbara C. Hansen, K-L. Catherine Jen, Jennifer D. Newcomb, and Paul K.H. Lin
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Over the past 30 years, in prospective longitudinal studies of the development of T2DM and its risk factors, within-subject individual variable trajectories (as characterized in nonhuman primates (NHPs) have shown very different individual profiles compared to data synchronized retrospectively on the time point of DM diagnosis (DM DX) (e.g., Whitehall II or ARIC studies). About 30% of unrelated NHPs naturally and spontaneously develop T2DM at an average age of 19.2 ± 5.4 years (equivalent to ∼60 years in humans). New trajectory analyses of the standardized fasting glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FPI) and β- cell function of those monkeys that became DM while under longitudinal study indicate that the functional β-cell changes in the pre-DM period, applying the usual epidemiological analytical approach used in humans, is likely to be highly misleading. The NHP DM progression data of 24 adult monkeys studied for an average of 8 years, with pre-DM data obtained up to 18 years pre-DM DX show that these trajectories must be analyzed individually and then standardized for rate of progression, timing of progression and amplitude of changes in order to establish the valid naturally-occurring patterns of the pre-DM progression seen below. Disclosure B.C. Hansen: None. J.D. Newcomb: None. P.K. Lin: None. K. Jen: None. Funding National Institutes of Health
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- 2019
7. African-American Adolescents' Weight Loss Skills Utilization: Effects on Weight Change in a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial
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Angela J. Jacques-Tiura, Deborah A. Ellis, April Idalski Carcone, Sylvie Naar, Kathryn Brogan Hartlieb, Elizabeth K. Towner, Thomas N. Templin, and K.-L. Catherine Jen
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,education ,Motivational interviewing ,Psychological intervention ,Motivational Interviewing ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Weight loss ,Behavior Therapy ,030225 pediatrics ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Weight Loss ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Obesity ,Goal setting ,business.industry ,Weight change ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Attendance ,medicine.disease ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Physical therapy ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Successful weight loss interventions for African-Americans adolescents are lacking. Cognitive-behavioral interventions seek to develop weight loss skills (e.g., counting calories, goal setting, managing one’s environment). Little is known about how well adolescents implement such skills in their daily lives. Study aims were to (1) examine weight loss skills utilization at midpoint and end of a 6-month cognitive-behavioral/motivational interviewing weight loss sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART), and (2) determine if greater skill utilization predicted weight loss at treatment end and 3 months post-treatment. METHOD: One hundred and eighty six African-Americans adolescents with obesity and their caregiver were first randomly assigned to complete 3 months of cognitive-behavioral and motivational interviewing family-based weight loss treatment in their home or in the research office (Phase 1). Nonresponders (i.e., those who lost < 3% of initial weight, n = 161) were rerandomized to 3 months of continued skills training (n = 83) or contingency management (n = 78) for Phase 2; responders were allocated to 3 months of relapse prevention (n = 20). Adolescents’ frequency of weight loss skills utilization was assessed via questionnaire at treatment midpoint and end. RESULTS: Higher treatment attendance was associated with better skill utilization. Higher skill utilization was associated with more weight loss at treatment end, whereas higher baseline confidence was associated with more weight loss at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the importance of attending weight loss intervention sessions to develop and strengthen weight loss skills in African-American adolescents with obesity, and strengthening confidence to use such skills for continued weight loss.
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- 2018
8. Nutrient Intake Patterns in Preschool Children from Inner City Day-Care Centers
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Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow, K-L. Catherine Jen, Yulyu Yeh, Gwen L. Alexander, and Hadil S. Subih
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Saturated fat ,Nutrition Education ,Day care ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Childhood obesity ,Endocrinology ,Dietary Reference Intake ,Internal medicine ,Environmental health ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Weight gain - Abstract
An elevated body mass index (BMI) early in childhood is known as a predictor for adult obesity and obesity related comorbidities. Three year old obese children have exhibited inflammatory biomarkers linked to chronic diseases, so childhood obesity prevention efforts should start during early years of life. The current study, conducted in the U.S., collected 24 hour nutrient intake through dietary records and compared body weight and intake patterns of children from two daycare centers differing in racial and income levels. Anthropometric and dietary measures were obtained from 74 caregivers (CG) and their children. Each child’s food intake at preschool was observed and recorded by direct observation by graduate students. The home food intake was recorded by the CG. Fifty one CG returned all the dietary records and completed the study. Both center and at home records were combined together to produce the daily nutrient intake data. The mean BMI percentile for both boys and girls were in the healthy BMI range, although a higher percent of girls had BMI greater than 85 percentile. All macronutrients were significantly higher than the Dietary Recommended Intake (DRI) or estimated average requirement (EAR). Children from low income families consumed more protein, total fat, saturated fat, higher percentage of energy from saturated fat and had higher sodium intake. Elevated intake of fat and protein may predispose children to weight gain. Nutrition education to teach CG, especially those with low income, to reduce energy density in meals is warranted.
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- 2015
9. Pre- and Post-displacement Stressors and Body Weight Development in Iraqi Refugees in Michigan
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Bengt B. Arnetz, Hikmet Jamil, Kequan Zhou, and K.-L. Catherine Jen
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Adult ,Michigan ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Refugee ,Comorbidity ,Article ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Young Adult ,Social support ,Residence Characteristics ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,Body Weights and Measures ,Aged ,Refugees ,Depression ,business.industry ,Public health ,Body Weight ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social Support ,Middle Aged ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Mental health ,Acculturation ,Mental Health ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Iraq ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Refugees have typically experienced stress and trauma before entering the US. Stressors and mental health disorders may contribute to obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the body mass index (BMI) in Iraqi refugees settled in Michigan in relationship to pre- and post-migration stressors and mental health. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected from 290 Iraqi refugees immediately after they arrived in Michigan and one year after settlement. Significant increases were observed in BMI (+0.46 ± 0.09 kg/m(2), p < 0.0001) and the percentage of refugees suffering from hypertension (from 9.6 to 13.1%, p < 0.05). Significant increases in stress, depression and acculturation, as well as decreases in post-migration trauma and social support, were also observed. Linear regression analyses failed to link stressors, well-being, and mental health to changes in BMI. It is likely that acculturation to a new lifestyle, including dietary patterns and physical activity levels, may have contributed to these changes.
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- 2014
10. Sex Differences and Predictors of Changes in Body Weight and Noncommunicable Diseases in a Random, Newly-Arrived Group of Refugees Followed for Two Years
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Hikmet Jamil, Kequan Zhou, Bengt B. Arnetz, K.-L. Catherine Jen, and Karen Breejen
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Gerontology ,Adult ,Employment ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Refugee ,Health Status ,Body weight ,Body Mass Index ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sex Factors ,Negatively associated ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Noncommunicable Diseases ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Family Characteristics ,Refugees ,030505 public health ,Asian ,business.industry ,Depression ,Public health ,Body Weight ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Non-communicable disease ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Mental Health ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Cohort ,Iraq ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Body mass index ,Acculturation ,Stress, Psychological ,Demography - Abstract
We have reported that none of the psychological/mental variables examined predicted the increase in BMI and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iraqi refugees after 1 year resettlement in Michigan. We continuously followed the same cohort of refugees for 2 years (Y2 FU) to further determine the gender difference in predicting of increased BMI and NCDs. Only 20% of the BMI variability could be accounted for by the factors examined. Number of dependent children and depression were positively and stress negatively associated with BMI in male refugees but not in females. Number of dependent children was negatively associated with changes in BMI and in males only. Two-third of the NCD variability was accounted for by gender, BMI, employment status, depression, posttraumatic stress disorders and coping skills. Unmarried, unemployed and with high PTSD scores at Y2 in males were positively and number of dependent children was negatively associated with NCD changes in females. Factors such as dietary patterns and lifestyle may have contributed to the increased BMI and NCDs in these refugees at 2 years post-settlement.
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- 2017
11. Effectiveness of Nutrition Intervention in a Selected Group of Overweight and Obese African-American Preschoolers
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Kathryn Brogan Hartlieb, Yulyu Yeh, Cynthia A. Danford, and K-L. Catherine Jen
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Gerontology ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,Parents ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Pediatric Obesity ,Health (social science) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Nutrition Education ,Psychological intervention ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Pilot Projects ,Overweight ,Childhood obesity ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Preferences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient Education as Topic ,medicine ,Early Intervention, Educational ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Triglycerides ,Whole Grains ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cholesterol, LDL ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Culturally Competent Care ,Black or African American ,Cholesterol ,Anthropology ,Head start ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
High prevalence of childhood obesity persists as a public health concern in the USA. However, limited study has been conducted on the effectiveness of nutrition education focused on African-American (AA) preschoolers (PSLRs) in the preschool settings. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the effectiveness of nutrition education on AA PSLR's health. A convenience sample of 164 PSLRs (95% AA, 44% female) from six Head Start (HS) centers in a Midwestern metropolitan area was randomly assigned to 3 groups: intervention group A, standard curriculum plus nutrition education for PSLRs; intervention group B, standard curriculum plus nutrition education for PSLRs and their caregivers (CGs); and control group, standard curriculum. Baseline and post-intervention differences within each group and differences among the three groups in body mass index (BMI) percentiles, blood lipid profile, and food preference/knowledge were analyzed. No significant changes in BMI percentiles among the three groups were observed. When only overweight and obese PSLRs were considered, there was a significant reduction in BMI percentile in group B (PSLR + CG) and control group. More PSLRs in all three groups had blood lipid levels in the acceptable with few in the high-risk levels. There were no changes in nutrition knowledge and healthy eating behavior post-intervention. This pilot study supports including both PSLRs and CGs in future preschool-based interventions and the need for more intense intervention to optimize healthy outcomes, especially for those AA PSLRs who are overweight or obese.
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- 2017
12. The Effect of α-Cyclodextrin on postprandial lipid and glycemic responses to a fat-containing meal
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Joseph D. Artiss, K.-L. Catherine Jen, Patricia A. Jarosz, Eman Elserafy, and Evan Fletcher
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,alpha-Cyclodextrins ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Placebo ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Double-Blind Method ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Meals ,Triglycerides ,Aged ,Glycemic ,Meal ,Cross-Over Studies ,Triglyceride ,Chemistry ,Area under the curve ,Middle Aged ,Lipid Metabolism ,Postprandial Period ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Lipids ,Obesity ,Cholesterol ,Glucose ,Postprandial ,Female ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Objective α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD), a soluble dietary fiber derived from corn, marketed under the trade name FBCx®, has the potential to help individuals manage their weight and improve their lipid profiles. Initial studies in healthy overweight and/or obese diabetic individuals found that, in those consuming a normal to high fat diet over a 4 or 12 week period, α-CD use was associated with weight loss or maintenance and a reduction in triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic individuals. Furthermore, α-CD use was associated with the positive effects of increasing insulin and leptin sensitivities. To date, the immediate post-prandial glucose and lipid responses to a fat-containing meal have not been reported. Materials/Method This double blinded placebo controlled cross-over trial examined the effect of 2 g of α-CD taken immediately following consumption of a commercially prepared high-fat breakfast meal on the acute postprandial responses in healthy adults. Results The coincidental consumption of α-CD with a fat-containing meal was associated with a significant reduction in postprandial TG responses over time when compared to placebo. When incremental area under the curve was calculated, the area under the curve associated with α-CD consumption was significantly smaller than the Placebo area (0.30 ± 1.07 mmol/L/3 h vs. 0.98 ± 0.88 mmol/L/3 h, p Conclusion α-Cyclodextrin was shown to significantly lower acute postprandial blood triglyceride levels.
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- 2013
13. A comparison of snack serving sizes to USDA guidelines in healthy weight and overweight minority preschool children enrolled in Head Start
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Andrea Charvet, K.-L. Catherine Jen, Kathryn Brogan Hartlieb, and Yulyu Yeh
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Epidemiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Overweight ,Food group ,03 medical and health sciences ,Serving size ,Environmental health ,medicine ,USDA ,Children ,2. Zero hunger ,Minority ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Snacking ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,food and beverages ,Secondary data ,Head Start ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Head start ,Snack ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Obesity disproportionately affects children from low-income families and those from racial and ethnic minorities. The relationship between snacking and weight status remains unclear, although snacking is known to be an important eating episode for energy and nutrient intake particularly in young children. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the snack intake of minority preschool children enrolled in the Head Start Program in four centers in Detroit, Michigan, and investigate differences by child weight status. Methods This secondary data analysis used snack time food observation and anthropometric data from a convenience sample of 55 African American children (44 % girls, mean age = 3.8 years). Snack intake data was obtained over a mean of 5 days through direct observation of children by dietetic interns, and later converted into food group servings according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) meal patterns and averaged for each child. Height and weight measurements were systematically collected and BMI-for-age percentiles were used to classify children into weight categories. One sample, paired samples and independent samples t-tests were performed to test for differences within and between means. Results Based on BMI-for-age percentiles, 72.7 % of the sample was under/healthy weight and 27.3 % was overweight/obese. Average (mean ± SD) intake of milk (0.76 ± 0.34) and overall fruits/vegetables (0.77 ± 0.34) was significantly lower than one USDA serving, while average intake of grains and breads (2.04 ± 0.89), meat/meat alternates (2.20 ± 1.89) and other foods (1.43 ± 1.08) was significantly higher than one USDA serving (p ≤ 0.05). Children ate more when offered canned versus fresh fruits (0.93 ± 0.57 vs. 0.65 ± 0.37, p = 0.007). Except for a significantly higher milk intake in the overweight/obese group compared to the under/healthy weight group (0.86 ± 0.48 vs. 0.72 ± 0.27, p = 0.021], no relationship was found between snack food intake and weight category. Only in the overweight/obese group was the intake of milk and fresh fruits not significantly different than one USDA serving. Conclusions Findings suggest that regardless of weight status low-income minority preschool children are consuming larger serving sizes when offered less healthy versus healthier snack foods. Continued efforts should be made to provide healthful snack foods at preschool settings to prevent obesity and promote healthier food habits.
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- 2016
14. Factors Associated with Weight Resilience in Obesogenic Environments in Female African-American Adolescents
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Deborah A. Ellis, K.-L. Catherine Jen, Sylvie Naar-King, Sharon Marshall, Kathryn Brogan, and April Idalski Carcone
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Gerontology ,Michigan ,Multivariate analysis ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Health Behavior ,Models, Psychological ,Motor Activity ,Logistic regression ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Child ,Family Characteristics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Parenting ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Diet ,Black or African American ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Caregivers ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Adolescent Behavior ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Psychosocial ,Food Science ,Demography - Abstract
This study used a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis to examine a social ecological model of obesity among African-American female adolescents residing in obesogenic environments. The goal was to identify factors that promote weight resilience, defined as maintaining a healthy body weight despite living in an environment that encourages inactivity and undermines healthy weight behaviors. During 2005 to 2008, weight-resilient (n=32) and obese (n=35) African-American female adolescents (12 to 17 years) living in Detroit, MI, and their caregivers completed measures of individual, family, and extrafamilial weight-resilience factors. Variables related to weight resilience in bivariate analyses were subjected to multivariate analysis using logistic regression to test the hypothesis that these factors independently predicted adolescent membership into the weight-resilient or obese group. As hypothesized, the odds of an adolescent being weight resilient were predicted by lower caregiver body mass index (calculated as kg/m 2 ) (odds ratio [OR]=0.790; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.642 to 0.973), lower caregiver distress (OR=0.796; 95% CI: 0.635 to 0.998), higher caregiver monitoring and supervision of exercise (OR=5.746; 95% CI: 1.435 to 23.004), more frequent full-service grocery store shopping (OR=5.147; 95% CI: 1.137 to 23.298), and more peer support for eating (OR=0.656; 95% CI: 0.445 to 0.969). Contrary to prediction, lower eating self-efficacy (OR=0.597; 95% CI: 0.369 to 0.965) also predicted weight resilience. The model correctly classified 92.5% of all cases. Findings suggest that increasing psychosocial weight-resilience factors across multiple systems might be an important intervention strategy for obese African-American female adolescents residing in obesogenic environments.
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- 2012
15. Repeated antenatal corticosteroid treatments adversely affect neural transmission time and auditory thresholds in laboratory rats
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K-L. Catherine Jen, Michael W. Church, J.I. Anumba, Michael Kruger, Brittany R. Adams, and D.A. Jackson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physiology ,Brain damage ,Toxicology ,Betamethasone ,Synaptic Transmission ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Article ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Reaction Time ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Rats, Wistar ,Saline ,Auditory Diseases, Central ,business.industry ,Auditory Threshold ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Regimen ,Auditory brainstem response ,Endocrinology ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Gestation ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Antenatal corticosteroid (AC) treatment is given to pregnant women at risk for preterm birth to reduce infant morbidity and mortality by enhancing lung and brain maturation. However, there is no accepted regimen on how frequently AC treatments should be given and some studies found that repeated AC treatments can cause growth retardation and brain damage. Our goal was to assess the dose-dependent effects of repeated AC treatment and estimate the critical number of AC courses to cause harmful effects on the auditory brainstem response (ABR), a sensitive measure of brain development, neural transmission and hearing loss. We hypothesized that repeated AC treatment would have harmful effects on the offspring's ABRs and growth only if more than 3 AC treatment courses were given. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Wistar rats were given either a high regimen of AC (HAC), a moderate regimen (MAC), a low regimen (LAC), or saline (SAL). An untreated control (CON) group was also used. Simulating the clinical condition, the HAC dams received 0.2mg/kg Betamethasone (IM) twice daily for 6 days during gestation days (GD) 17-22. The MAC dams received 3 days of AC treatment followed by 3 days of saline treatment on GD 17-19 and GD 20-22, respectively. The LAC dams received 1 day of AC treatment followed by 5 days of saline treatment on GD 17 and GD 18-22, respectively. The SAL dams received 6 days of saline treatment from GD 17 to 22 (twice daily, isovolumetric to the HAC injections, IM). The offspring were ABR-tested on postnatal day 24. Results indicated that the ABR's P4 latencies (neural transmission time) were significantly prolonged (worse) in the HAC pups and that ABR's thresholds were significantly elevated (worse) in the HAC and MAC pups when compared to the CON pups. The HAC and MAC pups were also growth retarded and had higher postnatal mortality than the CON pups. The SAL and LAC pups showed little or no adverse effects. In conclusion, repeated AC treatment had harmful effects on the rat offspring's ABRs, postnatal growth and survival. The prolonged ABR latencies reflect slowed neural transmission times along the auditory nerve and brainstem auditory pathway. The elevated ABR thresholds reflect hearing deficits. We concluded that repeated AC treatment can have harmful neurological, sensory and developmental effects on the rat offspring. These effects should be considered when weighing the benefits and risks of repeated AC treatment and when monitoring and managing the prenatally exposed child for possible adverse effects.
- Published
- 2012
16. The Beneficial Effects α-Cyclodextrin on Blood Lipids and Weight Loss in Healthy Humans
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K.-L. Catherine Jen, Kevin B. Comerford, Siddika E Karakas, and Joseph D. Artiss
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Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,alpha-Cyclodextrins ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Patient Dropouts ,Adolescent ,Apolipoprotein B ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood lipids ,Type 2 diabetes ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,Double-Blind Method ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,Weight Loss ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Apolipoproteins B ,Cross-Over Studies ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,Insulin ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,Overweight ,medicine.disease ,Solubility ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,biology.protein ,Insulin Resistance ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) is a soluble fiber derived from corn. It has previously been reported that early intervention with Mirafit fbcx, a trademarked name for α-CD, has beneficial effects on weight management in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, and that it preferentially reduces blood levels of saturated and trans fats in the LDL receptor knockout mice. The current investigation involves overweight but not obese nondiabetic individuals and was intended to confirm the effects of α-CD on both weight management and improving blood lipid levels. Forty-one healthy adults (age: 41.4 ± 13.6 years) participated in this 2-month, double-blinded, crossover study. In 28 compliant participants (8 males and 20 females), when the active phase was compared to the control phase, there were significant decreases in body weight (−0.4 ± 0.2 kg, P < 0.05), serum total cholesterol (mean ± s.e.m., −0.295 ± 0.10 mmol/l, 5.3%, P < 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (−0.23 ± 0.11 mmol/l, −6.7%, P < 0.05). Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (−0.0404 ± 0.02 g/l, −5.6%, P = 0.06) and insulin levels also decreased by 9.5% (−0.16 ± 0.08 pmol/l, P = 0.06) while blood glucose and leptin levels did not change. These results suggest that α-CD exerts its beneficial health effects on body weight and blood lipid profile in healthy nonobese individuals, as previously reported in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Published
- 2011
17. The Effects of Multisystemic Therapy on Family Support for Weight Loss Among Obese African-American Adolescents: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial
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Karen Kolmodin, Deborah A. Ellis, Sharon Marshall, Heather C. Janisse, Phillippe B. Cunningham, Sylvie Naar-King, and K-L Catherine Jen
- Subjects
Male ,Family therapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Diet, Reducing ,Family support ,Systems Theory ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,Weight loss ,law ,Weight Loss ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Body Fat Distribution ,Humans ,Child ,Exercise ,Multisystemic therapy ,Social Support ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Obesity, Morbid ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Body Composition ,Physical therapy ,Family Therapy ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Body mass index - Abstract
Objective To determine whether multisystemic therapy, an intensive, home- and community-based intervention, could increase family support for healthy eating and exercise in obese African-American adolescents. Relationships between changes in family support, weight status, and body fat composition at the end of the trial were also evaluated. Method A pilot randomized clinical trial was conducted with 49 obese adolescents (body mass index > or = 95th %ile). Participants were randomized to receive multisystemic therapy or Shapedown, a group weight loss intervention. Participants received treatment for 6 months. Data were collected at baseline and 7-month posttest (i.e., treatment termination). Changes in family support for healthy eating and exercise were assessed by self-report questionnaire. Bivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between change in family support during the trial and youth body mass index, percent overweight, and body fat composition at follow-up. Results Participation in multisystemic therapy was associated with significantly greater improvements in family encouragement for healthy eating and family participation in exercise and greater decreases in discouraging behavior from family members than Shapedown participation. Increases in family participation in exercise were significantly related to lower youth body mass index, percent overweight, and body fat composition at follow-up. Conclusions Intensive, home- and community-based treatment increased family support for health behavior changes among obese minority adolescents, and these changes were directly related to weight status. Such health improvements are important for the well-being of a subset of youth who are at high risk for future health complications.
- Published
- 2010
18. Excess omega-3 fatty acid consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation caused shorter life span and abnormal ABRs in old adult offspring
- Author
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D.A. Jackson, K-L. Catherine Jen, J.I. Anumba, John W. Hotra, Brittany R. Adams, and Michael W. Church
- Subjects
Male ,Litter (animal) ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Auditory Pathways ,Offspring ,Longevity ,Neural degeneration ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Article ,Time ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Lactation ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Omega 3 fatty acid ,Unsaturated fatty acid ,Body Weight ,Brain ,Presbycusis ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Gestation ,Female - Abstract
Consuming omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) during pregnancy and lactation is beneficial to fetal and infant development and might reduce the incidence and severity of preterm births by prolonging pregnancy. Consequently, supplementing maternal diets with large amounts of omega-3 FA is gaining acceptance. However, both over- and under-supplementation with omega-3 FA can harm offspring development. Adverse fetal and neonatal conditions in general can enhance age-related neural degeneration, shorten life span and cause other adult-onset disorders. We hypothesized that maternal over- and under-nutrition with omega-3 FA would shorten the offspring's life span and enhance neural degeneration in old adulthood. To test these hypotheses, female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the three diet conditions starting from day 1 of pregnancy through the entire period of pregnancy and lactation. The three diets were Control omega-3 FA (omega-3/omega-6 ratio approximately 0.14), Excess omega-3 FA (omega-3/omega-6 ratio approximately 14.5) and Deficient omega-3 FA (omega-3/omega-6 ratio approximately 0% ratio). When possible, one male and female offspring from each litter were assessed for life span and sensory/neural degeneration (n=15 litters/group). The Excess offspring had shorter life spans compared to their Control and Deficient cohorts (mean+/-SEM=506+/-24, 601+/-14 and 585+/-21 days, p
- Published
- 2010
19. Perinatal n−3 fatty acid imbalance affects fatty acid composition in rat offspring
- Author
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K.-L. Catherine Jen, Chengyong Wang, Lindsay Dowhan, Faith Laja, Marjan Moghaddam, Michael W. Church, and Janelle Sherman
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chromatography, Gas ,Offspring ,Birth weight ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Growth ,Biology ,Eating ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Body Water ,Pregnancy ,Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ,Lactation ,Internal medicine ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Unsaturated fatty acid ,Adiposity ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sex Characteristics ,Body Weight ,Fatty Acids ,medicine.disease ,Fish oil ,Diet ,Rats ,Milk ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animals, Newborn ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Body Composition ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of high and low n-3 FA feeding during perinatal period on the growth and FA profiles in the Wistar rat offspring. Female rats were randomized into three diet groups during pregnancy and lactation (L): Control (CON, ratio of n-3/n-6 approximately 0.14, n=24); n-3 FA deficient (LOW, ratio of n-3/n-6 approximately 0, n=31) and n-3 FA excess (HIGH, ratio of n-3/n-6 approximately 14.0, n=23). Milk samples were obtained on L14. After L24, all offspring were fed the control diet until killed at 23-25 weeks of age. There were no group differences in maternal weight gains or offspring birth weights. After birth, the HIGH offspring weighed the least while CON offspring the most. The FA profiles of the CON and LOW milk resembled CON diet, and the HIGH milk resembled HIGH diet. Body FA profiles of males from all groups were similar to the CON milk profile, but the CON and LOW females resembled the CON milk, while the HIGH females resembled the HIGH milk. All HIGH offspring had increased n-3 levels and n-3/n-6 ratios (males: 0.16+/-0.01; females: 0.23+/-0.06). Thus LOW dams likely had maternal body fat mobilization that compensated for the deficiency in dietary n-3 FA, while a compensatory mechanism was not observed when intake was high. Excess amount of n-3 FA affected female offspring more than males. These data indicate the long-lasting effects of supplementation and supplementing high amounts of n-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation may not be advisable.
- Published
- 2009
20. Excess and deficient omega-3 fatty acid during pregnancy and lactation cause impaired neural transmission in rat pups
- Author
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K-L. Catherine Jen, Brittany R. Adams, L.M. Dowhan, John W. Hotra, and Michael W. Church
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Synaptic Transmission ,Body Temperature ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Hearing ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Pregnancy ,Lactation ,Internal medicine ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Omega 3 fatty acid ,Unsaturated fatty acid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Body Weight ,Fatty Acids ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Rats ,Milk ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Animals, Newborn ,chemistry ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Gestation ,Female ,Breast feeding ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) consumption during pregnancy and lactation is beneficial to fetal and infant growth and may reduce the severity of preterm births. Thus, scientists and clinicians are recommending increasingly higher omega-3 FA doses for pregnant women and nursing babies for advancing the health of preterm, low birth weight, and normal babies. In contrast, some studies report that over-supplementation with omega-3 FA can have adverse effects on fetal and infant development by causing a form of nutritional toxicity. Our goal was to assess the effects of omega-3 FA excess and deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the offspring's neural transmission as evidenced by their auditory brainstem responses (ABR). Female Wistar rats were given one of three diets from day 1 of pregnancy through lactation. The three diets were the Control omega-3 FA condition (omega-3/omega-6 ratio approximately 0.14), the Deficient omega-3 FA condition (omega-3/omega-6 ratio approximately 0%) and the Excess omega-3 FA condition (omega-3/omega-6 ratio approximately 14.0). The Control diet contained 7% soybean oil, whereas the Deficient diet contained 7% safflower oil and the Excess diet contained 7% fish oil. The offspring were ABR-tested on postnatal day 24. The rat pups in the Excess group had prolonged ABR latencies in comparison to the Control group, indicating slowed neural transmission times. The pups in the Excess group also showed postnatal growth restriction. The Deficient group showed adverse effects that were milder than those seen in the Excess group. Milk fatty acid profiles reflected the fatty acid profiles of the maternal diets. In conclusion, excess or deficient amounts of omega-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation adversely affected the offspring's neural transmission times and postnatal thriving. Consuming either large or inadequate amounts of omega-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation seems inadvisable because of the potential for adverse effects on infant development.
- Published
- 2008
21. Reduced auditory acuity in rat pups from excess and deficient omega-3 fatty acid consumption by the mother
- Author
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Michael W. Church, K.-L. Catherine Jen, Brittany R. Adams, Tina Stafferton, and John W. Hotra
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Article ,Body Temperature ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Lactation ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Omega 3 fatty acid ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,Unsaturated fatty acid ,Analysis of Variance ,Behavior, Animal ,Body Weight ,Parturition ,Auditory Threshold ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Postnatal age ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animals, Newborn ,Dietary Supplements ,Gestation ,Female ,Breast feeding - Abstract
Consumption of the nutrients omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) during pregnancy and lactation is considered beneficial to fetal and infant development. It may also reduce the incidence and severity of preterm births by prolonging gestational length. However several recent human and animal studies have reported that over-supplementation with omega-3 FA, especially in the form of fish oil, can have adverse effects on fetal and infant development and the auditory brainstem response (ABR). Our goal was to assess further the effects of omega-3 FA excess and deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the offspring's auditory acuity as evidenced by their ABR thresholds. Female Wistar rats were given diets that were either deficient, adequate (control) or excess in omega-3 FA from day 1 of pregnancy through lactation. The offspring were ABR-tested at the postnatal age of 24 days. The rat pups in the Excess treatment condition had significantly elevated (worse) ABR thresholds, postnatal growth restriction, and a trend for increased postnatal mortality in comparison to the Control group. The Deficient group was intermediate. In conclusion, excess or deficient amounts of omega-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation in the laboratory rat adversely affected the offspring's auditory acuity. Postnatal thriving was also adversely affected. Consuming or administering large or inadequate amounts of omega-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation seems inadvisable because of the potential for adverse effects on infant development.
- Published
- 2007
22. Poor Nutrient Intake and High Obese Rate in an Urban African American Population with Hypertension
- Author
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Kathryn Brogan, John M. Flack, Olivia G. M. Washington, Nancy T. Artinian, and K.-L. Catherine Jen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,Michigan ,Urban Population ,Health Status ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Type 2 diabetes ,Nutrition Policy ,Sex Factors ,Nutrient ,Environmental health ,Diabetes mellitus ,Vegetables ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Anthropometry ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Age Factors ,Diet, Sodium-Restricted ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Black or African American ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Fruit ,Hypertension ,Mental Recall ,Household income ,Female ,business - Abstract
To describe the nutrient intake patterns and general health conditions in an African American (AA) hypertensive population living in Detroit, MI.Demographic, anthropometric, general health condition and 3-day dietary recalls were collected from 387 AAs in community-based settings. Only data from 342 participants who met the inclusion criteria were reported.The obesity and type 2 diabetes prevalence in this minority population were significantly higher, and both energy and nutrient intakes were significantly lower than the RDAs or those reported in NHANES. Female participants reported their highest weight at an earlier age but their body weight reduced in the older group. No such trend was observed in male participants. Both males and females consumed significantly fewer servings of fruit, vegetable and grains as recommended by USDA. As household income increased, the consumption of fruits and vegetables were also increased.In order to reduce the incidence of obesity and hypertension in this minority population, dietary intervention should begin at adolescence or even earlier. DASH diet would be beneficial for this population.
- Published
- 2007
23. Modeling of the Fasting Plasma Glucose Identified an Equation Providing Significantly Earlier Identification of Overt Type 2 Diabetes in Nonhuman Primates (NHPs)
- Author
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Barbara C. Hansen, K-L. Catherine Jen, Paul K.H. Lin, and Jennifer D. Newcomb
- Subjects
Plasma glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Identification (biology) ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2015
24. Preference for Energy Dense Snack Foods in Healthy and Overweight Minority Preschool Children
- Author
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Andrea Charvet, Yulyu Yeh, Kathryn Brogan Hartlieb, and K-L. Catherine Jen
- Subjects
Environmental health ,Energy (esotericism) ,Genetics ,medicine ,Food science ,Overweight ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Snack food ,Preference ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2015
25. The effects of a new soluble dietary fiber on weight gain and selected blood parameters in rats
- Author
-
K.-L. Catherine Jen, Joseph D. Artiss, Michelle Brucal, Kathryn Brogan, and Marjan Moghaddam
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Dietary Fiber ,Leptin ,Male ,alpha-Cyclodextrins ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Soluble dietary fiber ,Eating ,Feces ,Endocrinology ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Rats, Wistar ,Triglycerides ,Chemistry ,Body Weight ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Rats ,Cholesterol ,Liver ,Body Composition ,Dietary fiber ,Composition (visual arts) ,medicine.symptom ,Metabolic syndrome ,Blood parameters ,Weight gain - Abstract
This study was designed to investigate a new dietary fiber, alpha-cyclodextrin, marketed under the trade name FBCx (Wacker Biochem, Adrian, MI), for beneficial effects on weight reduction and the improvement of certain blood parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups and fed ad libitum for a period of 6 weeks: (1) a normal low-fat diet (LF; 4% fat wt/wt); (2) an LF diet with FBCx added; (3) a high-fat diet (HF, 40% fat wt/wt); and (4) an HF diet with FBCx. The FBCx was added at the rate of 10% (wt/wt) of the fat in the diet. Body weight and food intake were recorded 3 times per week. Plasma constituent levels and liver and fecal lipid contents, as well as body composition were determined at sacrifice. Adding FBCx to the diet significantly reduced weight gain in rats fed with an HF diet relative to rats fed with the HF control diet (P.05). FBCx also elicited a reduction in plasma triglyceride levels of 30%, total cholesterol of 9%, and increased the fat content of the feces in the rats fed with the HF diet with FBCx. In addition, the serum leptin levels were normalized, and the calculated insulin sensitivity was improved. No adverse effects were observed in the rats consuming FBCx. It would appear that FBCx might be effective in reducing body weight gain and improving metabolic syndrome.
- Published
- 2006
26. The benefits of early intervention in obese diabetic patients with FBCx™ — a new dietary fibre
- Author
-
George Grunberger, K-L. Catherine Jen, and Joseph D. Artiss
- Subjects
Dietary Fiber ,Male ,alpha-Cyclodextrins ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood lipids ,Type 2 diabetes ,Placebo ,Endocrinology ,Double-Blind Method ,Weight loss ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Weight management ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Triglycerides ,Aged ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cholesterol ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Female ,Adiponectin ,medicine.symptom ,Energy Intake ,business ,Weight gain - Abstract
Backgrounds Obesity and diabetes have become epidemic in the US. Dietary fibres have been reported to reduce the absorption of dietary fat, prevent weight gain, and reduce blood lipid levels. In the current double-blind study, obese patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited for a 3-month study to examine the health effects of a new dietary fibre, FBCx™. Methods Sixty-six participants were recruited and were randomized into FBCx™ or placebo groups. They were instructed to take two 1-g tablets per fat-containing meal and not to change their eating patterns or daily routine. Three-day dietary records and fasting blood samples were collected prior to enrollment in the study and at the end of months 1, 2 and 3. Results Dietary records showed that some participants changed their eating patterns; therefore body weight data were adjusted according to energy intake. As a group, in the 30 days leading into the study, all participants experienced an average weight gain of 1.0 ± 0.4 kg, while those in the placebo group continued to gain weight during the study, those in the FBCx ™ group maintained their weight. Those in the FBCx™ group required more energy to maintain their body weight while those in the placebo group required less (p < 0.05). Participants with hypertriglyceridemia showed a reduction (−0.48 ± 0.24 mmol/L, − 8.2%) in total cholesterol with FBCx™, while those with placebo had an increase (0.24 ± 0.21 mmol/L, 5.2%, p < 0.05). Adiponectin was increased in the FBCx™ but reduced in the placebo group (p < 0.05). Conclusions FBCx™ has thus shown promising benefits in weight maintenance, a reduction of blood lipids and an increase in adiponectin levels. It can be easily incorporated into a diabetic management regimen. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2006
27. Docosahexaenoic acid Counteracts Attenuation of CD95-induced Cell Death by Inorganic Mercury
- Author
-
K.-L. Catherine Jen, Randall F. Gill, Michael J. McCabe, Lydia Lanni, and Allen J. Rosenspire
- Subjects
Programmed cell death ,Docosahexaenoic Acids ,Dietary Mercury ,Cell Survival ,T cell ,T-Lymphocytes ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Apoptosis ,Autoimmunity ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Article ,Jurkat Cells ,Immune system ,medicine ,Humans ,fas Receptor ,Pharmacology ,Autoimmune disease ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Caspase 3 ,Environmental exposure ,medicine.disease ,Mercury (element) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Docosahexaenoic acid ,Cytoprotection ,Immunology ,Mercuric Chloride ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
In the United States the principal environmental exposure to mercury is through dietary consumption of sea food. Although the mechanism by which low levels of mercury affect the nervous system is not well established, epidemiological studies suggest that low level exposure of pregnant women to dietary mercury can adversely impact cognitive development in their children, but that Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most prominent n-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-PUFA) present in fish may counteract negative effects of mercury on the nervous system. Aside from effects on the nervous system, epidemiological and animal studies have also suggested that low level mercury exposure may be a risk factor for autoimmune disease. However unlike the nervous system where a mechanism linking mercury to impaired cognitive development remains elusive, we have previously suggested a potential mechanism linking low level mercury exposures to immune system dysfunction and autoimmunity. In the immune system it is well established that disruption of CD95 mediated apoptosis leads to autoimmune disease. We have previously shown in vitro as well as in vivo that in lymphocytes burdened with low levels of mercury, CD95 mediated cell death is impaired. In this report we now show that DHA counteracts the negative effect of mercury on CD95 signaling in T lymphocytes. T cells which have been pre-exposed to DHA are able to cleave pro-caspase 3 and efficiently signal programmed cell death through the CD95 signaling pathway, whether or not they are burdened with low levels of mercury. Thus DHA may lower the risk of autoimmune disease after low level mercury exposures.
- Published
- 2014
28. Weight cycling did not increase tumor incidence in high fat–fed rats treated with a low-dose 7,12-dimethylbenzyl(1)anthracene
- Author
-
K.-L. Catherine Jen, Maria J. Barnes, Anne Buison, Kathryn Brogan, and Michael A. Pellizzon
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Anthracene ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,DMBA ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Cycling ,Weight gain ,Pancreatic hormone ,Carcinogen - Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that weight cycling (WC, repeated weight gain and loss) increases the tumorigenesis in rats exposed to carcinogen. Female Wistar rats consumed a high-fat diet (35% weight per weight) and were divided: (1) ad lib–fed rats that were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenzyl(1)anthracene (DMBA, 2 mg) at 55 days of age (AL-DMBA); (2) WC rats that were treated with DMBA (WC-DMBA); and (3) vehicle-treated WC rats (WC-VEH). In this study, WC did not alter blood parameter concentrations and did not influence insulin sensitivity. Mammary tissue F2-isoprostane concentrations were lowest in WC-VEH and highest in AL-DMBA groups. Tumor incidence and burden were similar among all groups. The data obtained from this study do not support our hypothesis. This may be due to low dose of DMBA used, strain and age of the rats, number of WC cycles, and the amount of trans–fatty acids in the diets.
- Published
- 2005
29. The effect of CNS opioid on autonomic nervous and cardiovascular responses in diet-induced obese rats
- Author
-
Joseph C. Dunbar, Maria J. Barnes, and K.-L. Catherine Jen
- Subjects
Central Nervous System ,Male ,Agonist ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Physiology ,medicine.drug_class ,Receptors, Opioid, mu ,Blood Pressure ,Dynorphins ,Biochemistry ,κ-opioid receptor ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Rats, Wistar ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Receptors, Opioid, kappa ,Body Weight ,Antagonist ,Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5) ,Diet ,Rats ,DAMGO ,Blood pressure ,Opioid ,chemistry ,μ-opioid receptor ,business ,Diet-induced obese ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of beta-endorphin can cause either a decrease in blood pressure in normal rats or an increase in obese rats. Diet-induced obesity is associated with an increase of hypothalamic mu opioid receptors. Since beta-endorphins act by opioid receptors, we investigated the effect of CNS mu as well as kappa opioid receptor agonist and antagonist on mean blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in male Wistar rats fed either a high fat (HF) (40% fat by weight) or a regular low fat (control) (4% fat by weight) diet. After a 12-week-feeding period the animals were implanted with i.c.v. cannulas and 3–5 days later they were anesthetized and instrumented to record MAP, HR and RSNA. HF rats have higher MAP and the i.c.v. injection of a mu opioid agonist (DAMGO) initially decreased the MAP and then increased MAP, HR and RSNA in the normal animals. The increase was greater in HF animals. The i.c.v. injection of the mu antagonist (β-FNA) resulted in a significantly greater decrease in MAP in HF animals. β-FNA increased the RSNA in the HF rats but decreased it in the normal rats. The kappa agonist (dynorphin) decreased MAP in normal rats followed by a return to baseline, but not in HF rats. The kappa antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (N-BP), increased MAP and RSNA in normal rats and to a lesser extent in HF rats. These findings suggest that rats given a high fat diet have higher blood pressures and a greater mu opioid-mediated responsiveness with a greater mu opioid-mediated autonomic tone. Additionally there is a decreased kappa responsiveness and tone in the HF rats. Both these changes, increased mu and decreased kappa responsiveness could strongly contribute to the increased blood pressure in obese animals.
- Published
- 2004
30. High fat feeding is associated with increased blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity and hypothalamic mu opioid receptors
- Author
-
Maria J. Barnes, K.-L. Catherine Jen, Joseph C. Dunbar, Alexandria Conley, Karen Lapanowski, and José A. Rafols
- Subjects
Leptin ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sympathetic Nervous System ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hypothalamus ,Receptors, Opioid, mu ,Stimulation ,Kidney ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Rats, Wistar ,Receptor ,Food, Formulated ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,beta-Endorphin ,Arteries ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Opioid Peptides ,Opioid ,Vasoconstriction ,Hypertension ,μ-opioid receptor ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Obesity and high fat diets are associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. However, the mechanism(s) linking obesity and high fat diet to these metabolic and cardiovascular disorders are not fully elucidated. Leptin stimulates the formation of pro-opiomelanocortin and its products. The stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS) opioids and their receptors is associated with an increase in cardiovascular dynamics. In this study we hypothesized that obesity changed the CNS opioids and their receptors that could play a role in altered cardiovascular and autonomic nervous regulation in obesity. Male Wistar rats were fed either a high fat (HF) or regular chow (control) diet. After 12 weeks, rats were anesthetized and instrumented to record mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). A blood sample was collected and plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, beta-endorphins were measured. The brains were subsequently processed for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The HF rats were larger and had a greater percentage of body fat. Leptin and insulin levels were also higher in the HF animals. Basal MAP and RSNA were significantly higher in HF rats. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization demonstrated that HF rats had increased hypothalamus mu opioid receptors compared to controls. These studies suggest that HF feeding is associated with increased body fat, plasma leptin, insulin, and hypothalamic mu opioid receptors. The increased mu opioid receptors may contribute to the higher MAP and RSNA observed in HF animals.
- Published
- 2003
31. Differential Effects of Fatty Acids and Exercise on Body Weight Regulation and Metabolism in Female Wistar Rats
- Author
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K-L. Catherine Jen, Jordana Brown, Lardo Santa Ana, Frank Ordiz, Michael A. Pellizzon, and Anne Buison
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Leptin ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,food.ingredient ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Soybean oil ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,food ,Insulin resistance ,Pregnancy ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,Internal medicine ,Lactation ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Rats, Wistar ,Triglycerides ,Triglyceride ,Body Weight ,Fatty Acids ,Organ Size ,Metabolism ,Fish oil ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Body Composition ,Female ,Insulin Resistance - Abstract
High-fat diets made with different fats may have distinct effects on body weight regulation and metabolism. In the present study, the metabolic effects of high-fat (HF) diets made with fish oil, palm oil, and soybean oil were compared with a low-fat diet in female Wistar rats that were either exercised (EX, swimming) or that remained sedentary as controls. Each adult rat was exposed to the same diet that their dams consumed during pregnancy and lactation. When they were 9 weeks old, rats began an EX regimen that lasted for 6 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last EX bout, rats were sacrificed in a fasted state. It was observed that HF feeding of soybean oil induced more body weight and fat gain, as well as insulin resistance, as indicated by insulin/glucose ratios, than other oils. Female rats fed a HF diet made with fish oil had body weight and insulin sensitivity not different from that observed in low fat fed control rats. For rats fed HF diets made with soybean oil or palm oil, EX also exerted beneficial effects by reducing body fat %, blood insulin, triglyceride and leptin levels, as well as improving insulin sensitivity.
- Published
- 2003
32. Correction to: Effectiveness of Nutrition Intervention in a Selected Group of Overweight and Obese African-American Preschoolers
- Author
-
Yulyu Yeh, Kathryn Brogan Hartlieb, Cynthia A. Danford, and K.-L. Catherine Jen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gerontology ,African american ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Health (social science) ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Overweight ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anthropology ,Intervention (counseling) ,Epidemiology ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Quality of Life Research - Abstract
Part of our original analyses was performed with overweight and obese preschoolers only. This procedure may have created a subgroup of individuals with extreme values at baseline and this may likely be inappropriate.
- Published
- 2017
33. Erratum to: Sex Differences and Predictors of Changes in Body Weight and Noncommunicable Diseases in a Random, Newly-Arrived Group of Refugees Followed for Two Years
- Author
-
K-L, Catherine Jen, Hikmet, Jamil, Kequan, Zhou, Karen, Breejen, and Bengt B, Arnetz
- Subjects
03 medical and health sciences ,030505 public health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0305 other medical science ,Article - Abstract
BACKGROUND: We have reported that none of the psychological/mental variables examined predicted the increase in BMI and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iraqi refugees after one year resettlement in Michigan. METHODS: We continuously followed the same cohort of refugees for 2 years (Y2 FU) to further determine the gender difference in predicting of increased BMI and NCDs. RESULTS: Only 20% of the BMI variability could be accounted for by the factors examined. Number of dependent children and depression were positively and stress negatively associated with BMI in male refugees but not in females. Number of dependent children was negatively associated with changes in BMI and in males only. Two third of the NCD variability was accounted for by gender, BMI, employment status, depression, posttraumatic stress disorders and coping skills. Unmarried, unemployed and with high PTSD scores at Y2 in males were positively and number of dependent children was negatively associated with NCD changes in females. DISCUSSION: Factors such as dietary patterns and lifestyle may have contributed to the increased in BMI and NCDs in these refugees at 2 years post-settlement.
- Published
- 2017
34. Long-term effects of exogenous leptin on body weight and fat in post-obese female rats
- Author
-
Frank Ordiz, K.-L. Catherine Jen, and Anne Buison
- Subjects
Leptin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fat content ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Biology ,Body weight ,Eating ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Feeding behavior ,Weight regain ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Body Weight ,Sham control ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Obesity ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Body Composition ,Female ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that short-term leptin infusion during the post-obese refeeding phase of weight-reduced rats would reduce the rate of weight regain and, as a result, reduce the final body weight and fat content in weight-reduced rats. Ninety-six female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) LFCON (low-fat control) group: Rats in this group were fed the control low-fat (LF) diet ad lib for the entire study period. (2) HFCON (high-fat control) group: Rats in this group were fed the high-fat (HF, 40% fat) diet ad lib for the study period. (3) HFRLP (high-fat fed, weight-reduced, leptin treatment) group: Obese rats in this group were weight-reduced and received leptin infusion for 2 weeks (miniosmotic pumps, 0.5 microg/kg/day) during the post-obese refeeding period. (4) HFRSM (high-fat fed, weight-reduced, sham control) group: Rats in this sham-control group were treated the same as the rats in the HFRLP group with the exception that no leptin was actually infused during the first 2 weeks of refeeding period. The results demonstrated that 2 weeks of leptin treatment during the early refeeding phase did not prevent weight regain in weight-reduced rats, but it significantly reduced body fat content in these rats as compared to ad lib fed obese control rats. One cycle of weight reduction and regain did not alter the body weight and body fat content in HFRSM rats when compared to obese control rats. Therefore, leptin treatment was effective in reducing body fat content in post-obese rats for up to 7 weeks, but the long-term effect of short-term leptin treatment needs to be further examined.
- Published
- 2001
35. Conjugated linoleic acid does not impair fat regain but alters IGF-1 levels in weight-reduced rats
- Author
-
Anne Buison, K-L. Catherine Jen, Frank Ordiz, and Michael A. Pellizzon
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Leptin ,Linoleic acid ,Conjugated linoleic acid ,Adipose tissue ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain - Abstract
It has been previously reported that in rats undergoing repeated weight gain/loss cycles, more fat is regained than that was lost. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a collective name for a mixture of positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid, is known to regulate body composition by decreasing body fat. The present study was designed to examine the effects of CLA on body fat regain in weight-reduced obese rats. Female Wistar rats (n=52), 6 mo old, were divided into 4 groups: 1) HFRF rats (n=10) were fed a high fat diet (40% ww) diet for 9 weeks to an obese state and were then food restricted (50% ad-lib) with a modified high fat diet for 3 weeks to induce a 20% body weight loss. They were then refed the high fat diet ad-lib for 8 weeks; 2) HFCL rats (n=22) were treated in the same manner as rats in HFRF except were refed a high fat diet with 1% CLA (ww); 3) LFCN rats (n=10) were fed regular rodent diet ad-lib; 4) HFCN rats (n=10) were fed a high fat diet ad-lib. Ten HFCL rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks of refeeding while body composition and plasma glucose and insulin assessed for the other groups as a comparison. All remaining rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of refeeding. After 4 weeks of refeeding, HFCL rats were similar in both body weight and body fat %. At the end of the study, HFCL rats weighed the same as high fat fed rats while HFRF rats weighed the same as rats of the other groups. All high fat fed groups had significantly higher % body fat than low fat fed rats but were not different from each other (HFCL: 22 ± 2%; HFRF: 23 ± 2%; HFCN: 27 ± 2%; LFCN: 15 ± 2%). HFCL and HFCN rats had significantly higher retroperitoneal lipoprotein lipase activity levels than that of HFRF rats (p
- Published
- 2000
36. Leptin resistance in obesity is characterized by decreased sensitivity to proopiomelanocortin products
- Author
-
K.-L. Catherine Jen, Joseph C. Dunbar, Anne Buison, and Huiqing Lu
- Subjects
Leptin ,Sympathetic nervous system ,Pro-Opiomelanocortin ,Physiology ,Narcotic Antagonists ,Drug Resistance ,Blood Pressure ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Heart Rate ,Opioid receptor ,biology ,Naloxone ,beta-Endorphin ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Receptor antagonist ,Electrophysiology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Agouti Signaling Protein ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ,Female ,Melanocortin ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Pressoreceptors ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Proopiomelanocortin ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Rats, Wistar ,Injections, Intraventricular ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Proteins ,Splanchnic Nerves ,Dietary Fats ,alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone ,Rats ,Receptors, Corticotropin ,chemistry ,alpha-MSH ,Receptors, Opioid ,biology.protein ,business - Abstract
Obesity in normal animals has been demonstrated to be associated with a decrease in sensitivity to leptin especially as it relates to leptin's capacity to increase sympathetic nerve activity and enhance cardiovascular dynamics. In normal animals leptin has been demonstrated to exert significant regulatory responses by its capacity to increase proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and especially the increase in alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH). These responses to leptin are blocked by a melanocortin-4 (MC-4) receptor antagonist. In this study we investigated the responsiveness of the sympathetic nervous system and cardiovascular system of high fat fed obese animals to the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of the POMC products alphaMSH and beta-endorphin (beta-END). We further investigated these responses in obese animals following leptin administration in the presence of MC-4 receptor and opioid receptor blockade. The ICV administration of leptin resulted in an increase in lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in normals but decreased it in the obese. The ICV administration of alphaMSH increased the LSNA and MAP in normal animals but to a lesser degree in obese animals. On the other hand beta-endorphin decreased the LSNA and MAP in normal animals but increased it in obese animals. Additionally ICV leptin administration in obese animals in the presence of MC-4 or opioid receptor blockade resulted in an increase in sympathetic activity and a pressor response. From these studies we conclude that obesity in high fat fed animals is characterized by a decreased sensitivity to alphaMSH and a paradoxical response to beta-endorphin and this altered responsiveness may be a factor in the altered leptin resistance characteristic of obese animals.
- Published
- 2000
37. Dietary Problem-Solving Skills Among Older Adults With Coronary Heart Disease
- Author
-
Thomas Templin, Nancy T. Artinian, K-L Catherine Jen, and Wendy Shreve
- Subjects
Dietary Fiber ,Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutritional Sciences ,Coronary Disease ,Creativity ,Patient Education as Topic ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Medicine ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Life Style ,Problem Solving ,General Nursing ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Coronary heart disease ,Self Care ,Female ,Educational Measurement ,business ,Gerontology ,Needs Assessment - Published
- 2000
38. Short-term weight cycling in aging female rats increases rate of weight gain but not body fat content
- Author
-
K-L. Catherine Jen, A. M. Buison, and M. A. Pellizzon
- Subjects
Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fat content ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Adipose tissue ,Weight Gain ,Feed conversion ratio ,Eating ,Random Allocation ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Rats, Wistar ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Ageing ,Body Composition ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Energy Intake ,Cycling ,Weight gain - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of short-term repeated weight cycling (WC) above and below the baseline (BL) body weight (BW) on body weight regulation, feeding efficiency, and fat content in old female Wistar rats when dietary fat content was kept constant. DESIGN: Completely randomized. ANIMALS AND METHODS: Female Wistar rats, 11 months old at the beginning of the study, were randomly divided into six groups (12 per group) after a group of rats (BL) was sacrificed for baseline data collection: the high fat gain (HFG) group gained weight to 20% above the BL weight with a high fat diet (HF) and returned to BL level by food restriction (50% of ad-libitum amount) for five cycles; the high fat loss (HFL) group lost weight to 20% below the BL weight by food restriction (50% of ad-libitum amount) and regained to BL level by ad-libitum feeding for four cycles; the high fat ad-libitum (HFA) and low fat ad-libitum (LFA) groups were fed HF and low fat (LF) diet, respectively, ad-libitum for the entire study; the high fat restricted (HFR group) and low fat restricted rats (LFR group) were fed the HF and LF diet, respectively, in restricted amounts to maintain BW at BL level. RESULTS: A trend of increased rates of weight gain and feeding efficiencies from the first to last cycles for both WC groups was observed, and significant increases was observed between cycles 4 and 5. The rate of weight gain and feeding efficiency of HFL was significantly higher than that of the HFG group for all cycles (P
- Published
- 2000
39. A Randomized Pilot Study of Multisystemic Therapy Targeting Obesity in African-American Adolescents
- Author
-
Karen Kolmodin, Phillippe B. Cunningham, K.-L. Catherine Jen, Brian E. Saelens, Sylvie Naar-King, Deborah A. Ellis, and Kathryn Brogan
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Overweight ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Weight loss ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Multisystemic therapy ,African american ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health Status Disparities ,medicine.disease ,Health equity ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Physical therapy ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,human activities - Abstract
Adolescents with obesity (N = 48) and their caregivers were randomized to Multisystemic Therapy (MST) or a group weight-loss intervention. MST adolescents significantly reduced percents overweight and body fat, while control adolescents did not. Treatments such as MST that can intervene in the multiple systems that influence weight are worthy of further study.
- Published
- 2009
40. Effects of weight cycling and aging on body protein content in female wistar rats
- Author
-
K-L. Catherine Jen, Anne Buison, Michael A. Pellizzon, and Elizabeth S. LeClair
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Adipose tissue ,Biology ,Baseline level ,Protein content ,Young age ,Endocrinology ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Cycling ,Health implications ,Weight gain - Abstract
The effects of body weight cycling (WC) on body protein content are inconclusive. This study was designed to investigate the interactive effects of WC and aging on body protein content in female Wistar rats. Young (2.5 months old at the beginning of the study) and old rats (11 months at the beginning of the study) were divided, within each age category, into: 1) low fat (LF) ad-lib fed control group (LFA); 2) LF restricted fed group (LFR); 3) high fat (HF) ad-lib fed group (HFA); 4) HF restricted fed group (HFR); 5) HF fed, weight cycled group by gaining weight first (HFG); and 6) HF fed, weight cycled group by losing weight first (HFL). WC was achieved by ad-lib and restricted feeding of the HF diet so rats' body weight was cycling between baseline and 20% above or below the baseline level. This WC was repeated 3 to 5 times. At sacrifice, rats in restricted groups and cycling groups weighed the same. Old rats weighed significantly more than the young rats. There was no age effect on total and percent body fat, and on total protein content, although young rats tended to have higher percent protein than old rats. In the young groups, the protein percent was significantly lower in HFA, HFG and HFL groups as compared to all other groups within that age. In old rats, the protein percent of cycling groups was not different from other groups, with the exception that HFL group had significantly lower protein percent than that of the HFR group. Within each age category, the HFA group had significantly higher body weight and fat content than all other groups. Therefore, weight cycling starting at a young age, when accumulation of body protein is not yet complete, may deprive the body of the opportunity to lay down the normal amount of protein. This may have significant health implications for human teenagers engaging in weight cycling practice.
- Published
- 1999
41. Obesity due to high fat diet decreases the sympathetic nervous and cardiovascular responses to intracerebroventricular leptin in rats
- Author
-
Zhengbo Duanmu, Anne Buison, Huiqing Lu, K.-L. Catherine Jen, Joseph C. Dunbar, and Craig Houck
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Leptin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sympathetic nervous system ,Sympathetic Nervous System ,Central nervous system ,Adipose tissue ,Biology ,Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,Brown adipose tissue ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Rats, Wistar ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Injections, Intraventricular ,General Neuroscience ,Body Weight ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Rats ,Autonomic nervous system ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increase in plasma leptin levels primarily derived from enhanced expression of the leptin gene in the adipose tissue. Leptin levels and expression are higher in females than males. The main functions of leptin are to decrease food intake and increase sympathetic nerve activity, especially in the brown adipose tissue. The high levels of leptin in obese, female rats suggest leptin resistance. In this article we describe experiments designed to investigate the effect of the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of leptin on lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) and cardiovascular parameters in female rats fed a low fat diet (control), a high fat diet (obese), or high fat diet followed by a period of food restrictions (reduced). The i.c.v. leptin administration increased LSNA in control rats, but decreased it in obese rats. In weight reduced animals the LSNA response to leptin returned to control levels. The i.c.v. leptin increased the mean arterial pressure in control and wt. reduced rats, but not in obese animals. The heart rate did not respond to leptin in any animal group. These results suggest that obesity decreases the central nervous system (CNS)-mediated lumbar sympathetic nervous and cardiovascular responses to leptin and that these responses recover following food restriction and wt. reduction. We conclude that obesity is associated with a decreased CNS response to leptin leading to a decrease in leptin effects to increase the activities of the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems.
- Published
- 1998
42. Metabolic consequences of weight cycling induced by high fat and protein feedings in female Sprague-Dawley rats
- Author
-
Paul K.H. Lin, K-L. Catherine Jen, and John G. Ilagan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Triglyceride ,Cholesterol ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adipose tissue ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Casein ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Pancreatic hormone - Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of weight cycling (WC) on blood substrate, hormone levels and hepatic enzyme activities. WC in female Sprague-Dawley rats was produced by feeding them a high fat diet (HF) to induce obesity and then feeding them restricted amount of casein (3g/day) until body weight reached the control level. This weight gain/loss was repeated 3 times in HF ad-libitum fed rats (HFAL-C group). Rats in another group also weight cycled three times. During the refeeding phase, only 75% of the ad-lib intake of the HF diet was given to these rats (HF75-C). HFAL-NC group was fed the HF diet ad-libitum without any weight cycling. The control rats were fed the low fat rodent diet ad-lib and not cycled (CHAL-NC). After 61 weeks on these feeding regimens, all rats were sacrificed in a non-fasting state. It was observed that WC did not reduce final body weight or total fat content, but it reduced fat free mass compared to noncycled rats. The reduction of HF feeding to 75% reduced body weight of the HF75-C group to the level of the control rats. However, these rats still had a higher body fat content than the CHAL-NC group. Blood glucose and cholesterol levels were not different among the 4 groups. HF feeding significantly elevated blood insulin levels in HF groups, regardless of WC or not. Blood triglyceride levels, on the other hand, were affected by the quantity of energy consumed, rather than by the dietary fat content. Hepatic enzyme activities were not affected by WC or HF feeding. We concluded that WC exerted more influence on body composition than on metabolic parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats.
- Published
- 1997
43. Chronic weight cycling increases oxidative DNA damage levels in mammary gland of female rats fed a high‐fat diet
- Author
-
K.-L. Catherine Jen, Zora Djuric, Anne Buison, Michael A. Pellizzon, Feng Guo, and Virginia E. Uhley
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mammary gland ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Biology ,Weight Gain ,medicine.disease_cause ,Oxidative dna damage ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mammary Glands, Animal ,Internal medicine ,Weight Loss ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Adverse effect ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Deoxyuridine ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Female ,Energy Intake ,Cycling ,Thymidine ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Oxidative stress ,DNA Damage - Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage levels may be a marker of breast cancer risk that is modulated by diet. We examined the effects of a high-fat diet fed in varying feeding regimens on levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-OHmU), an oxidized thymidine residue, in DNA from mammary gland of aging female rats. A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into four groups: ad libitum fed (AL), weight cycled above baseline (WC-G), weight cycled below baseline (WC-L), or energy restricted (ER) for 28 weeks. WC groups were fed repeated ad libitum/restricted amounts of the diet. At sacrifice, both WC groups had body weights similar to the ER group but higher levels of 5-OHmU (p0.01). 5-OHmU levels were higher in the WC groups than in the AL group, even though body weights of the WC groups were significantly lower (p0.001). These results indicate that a history of weight cycling, even when body weight is reduced, can have adverse effects on 5-OHmU levels in mammary gland DNA, a potential biomarker of cancer risk. Constant control of calories for the maintenance of body weight, therefore, may be more beneficial.
- Published
- 1997
44. African American preschool children's physical activity levels in Head Start
- Author
-
K-L. Catherine Jen, Bo Shen, Tamara Reinhart-Lee, Cynthia A. Danford, Kathryn Brogan, and Heather C. Janisse
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Behavior ,Physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Health Promotion ,Overweight ,Motor Activity ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Early Intervention, Educational ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,African american ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Physical activity level ,Black or African American ,Health promotion ,Nephrology ,Head start ,Child, Preschool ,Physical therapy ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the physical activity levels of urban inner city preschoolers while attending Head Start, the federally funded preschool program for children from low-income families. Participants were 158 African American children. Their physical activity during Head Start days was measured using programmed RT-3 accelerometers. Results revealed that the children spent the most time in sedentary and light physical activity, while their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities was low. Given the sedentary class format and limited physical space for the Head Start programs observed, we suggest adding a structured physical activity component to Head Start schools to fight the overweight and obesity crisis.
- Published
- 2012
45. Postnatal development in rat offspring delivered of dams with gestational hyperglycemia
- Author
-
K-L. Catherine Jen, Shaobin Zhong, and Joseph C. Dunbar
- Subjects
Male ,Litter (animal) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,Hyperlipidemias ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,Catecholamines ,Insulin resistance ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Lactation ,Glucose Intolerance ,Animals ,Medicine ,Weaning ,Rats, Wistar ,Triglycerides ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,business.industry ,Gluconeogenesis ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Pregnancy Complications ,Parity ,Cholesterol ,Glucose ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Adipose Tissue ,Liver ,Hyperglycemia ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,Breast feeding - Abstract
Objectives: Our purpose was to test the hypotheses that (1) offspring delivered of dams with gestational hyperglycemia will show metabolic abnormalities and (2) dams with repeated pregnancy but without lactation experience will demonstrate abnormal glucose metabolism long after the delivery of the third litter. Study Design: Female rats went through three cycles of gestation-lactation, gestation-non lactation, or no mating at all. The offspring were reared to 3 months of age, when half of each group were mated. Intravenous glucose tolerance testing was conducted at different times in dams and adult offspring. Results: Nonlactation dams showed gestational hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia during the third pregnancy. Impaired intravenous glucose tolerance testing was also apparent 1 week and 3 months after weaning in dams. Adult offspring nursed by nonlactation dams were glucose intolerant and had higher hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities and higher lipid levels in the pregnant state. Conclusion: Gestational hyperglycemia produced by repeated gestation without lactation could have a long-lasting effect on adult offspring.
- Published
- 1994
46. Preschool Children's Nutrition Risks Assessed from Caregiver's Reports of Food Intake in Detroit Head Start (HS) Centers
- Author
-
Nesrine Akil, K-L. Catherine Jen, Jennifer Josephine Walker, Yulyu Yeh, Cynthia A. Danford, and Kathryn Brogan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Food intake ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Head start ,Genetics ,medicine ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2010
47. Nutrition education with minority caregivers in an urban population: Identifying the barriers to attendance and strategies for improvement
- Author
-
Cynthia A. Danford, Jennifer Josephine Walker, Nesrine Akil, Yulyu Yeh, K-L. Catherine Jen, and Kathryn Brogan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Nutrition Education ,Population ,Attendance ,Biochemistry ,Nursing ,Family medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,business ,education ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2010
48. The feasibility for the collection of 24‐hr food intake in preschool aged children
- Author
-
Niculina Lupu, Kathryn Brogan, Sharon Milberger, Kristie Hopka, Gwen Alexander, and K-L. Catherine Jen
- Subjects
Food intake ,business.industry ,Environmental health ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Food science ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2010
49. Nutrition in the Elderly
- Author
-
Kathryn Brogan and K-L. Catherine Jen
- Subjects
Gerontology ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Appetite ,Clinical nutrition ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Malnutrition ,MyPyramid ,Quality of life ,Medicine ,Underweight ,medicine.symptom ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses dietary limitations associated with prevalent chronic diseases; medications affecting appetite and nutrient use in the body; and highlights topics related to diversity and aging. Adequate nutrition plays a vital role in health maintenance and disease prevention at every age and can highly benefit the lives of older adults. Nutrition status is fundamental to the quality of life in the aging person as it is closely associated with functionality and the ability to remain independent. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in the face of aging, with the prevention of both underweight and obesity, can reduce the symptoms of chronic health conditions and have a protective effect against mortality. However, physiological and social changes that naturally occur with aging may lead to reduced appetite and food intake, body weight changes, malnutrition, and a compromised immune system. Early identification of nutrition deficiencies and timely intervention can improve length and quality of life. In order to identify any nutritional risks in the elderly, nutrition assessment is crucial. The Modified MyPyramid for Older Adults is a useful guide to assess the well older person's diet and highlights age specific nutrition needs. Additionally, there are four commonly used tools to evaluate the nutrition status in the elderly that includes anthropometric, biomedical, clinical, dietary and economic data (ABCDEs), the Mini Nutritional Assessment, Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) and Simplified CNAQ (SNAQ), and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI).
- Published
- 2010
50. Increasing exposure to nutrition and physical activity in African American (AA) preschool children utilizing Head Start programs in Detroit: Baseline descriptors from the Healthy Kids, Healthy Lives project
- Author
-
Cindy Danford, Nesrine Akil, Pramod Khosla, Yulyu Yeh, Kathryn Brogan, and K-L. Catherine Jen
- Subjects
African american ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Head start ,Genetics ,Physical activity ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Baseline (configuration management) ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2009
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