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Aim: To compare the clinical success rate of Prefabricated Zirconia crowns and stainless steel crowns on primary molars Materials and methods : It is an in-vivo study which was performed on 52 pulpally treated primary molars of children aged 4–9 years were randomly divided into two equal groups of stainless steel crown and Prefabricated Zirconia crowns. Tooth preparation was done according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and crowns were cemented. All crowns were cemented with Type I Glass ionomer cement (GIC) luting cement. Crowns were evaluated clinically for its crown retention, marginal integrity and gingival health at 3 months and 6 months. Results : Clinical success for stainless steel crowns and Prefabricated Zirconia crowns towards crown retention and marginal integrity were similar with no statistical difference between them. All Prefabricated Zirconia crowns showed healthy gingiva whereas 53.8% (14 out of 26) Stainless Steel crowns showed mild gingival inflammation at 3 and 6 months which was statistically significant (P ?0.01). Conclusion: Both prefabricated zirconia and stainless steel crowns showed no statistical difference for crown retention and marginal integrity throughout the study. Gingival health was significantly higher for Prefabricated Zirconia crowns compared with stainless steel crowns. Therefore clinical success rate for Prefabricated Zirconia crowns were better when compared to stainless steel crowns. So Prefabricated Zirconia crowns can be considered as an esthetic alternative in future. Keywords: Prefabricated zirconia crowns, Stainless steel crown, Crown retention, Gingival health, Marginal integrity

Background and objectives The presence of mutans streptococci has been used in individual assessments of caries risk. In the modern era of dentistry, the chair side kits for assessing chair side cariogenic bacteria play a significant role. There is paucity of literature about the comparison of commercially available chair side caries risk tests. Hence this study was conducted to compare the efficacy of three commercially available chair side cariogenic bacteria tests. Methodology Twenty-five patients in the age group of 5-14 years were selected. The saliva samples of patients were collected and were taken for cariogenic bacteria tests using caries risk test (CRT) bacteria test kit and saliva check mutans kit (mutans rapid detection kit). The plaque samples were taken for CariScreen caries susceptibility testing meter. All the samples were compared with a gold standard, i.e., mitis salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar plate test. Results Results demonstrated that the specificity of CariScreen and caries risk test was 91.67 whereas it was 75.00 for saliva check mutans. The CariScreen produced the risk status of the patient in shortest time. However, all the chair side kits failed to show the exact colony count of bacteria. Conclusion The result of the current study proved that both CariScreen and caries risk test are highly efficient in assessing the caries risk of patients. However, the CariScreen is easy to perform and provides the result in shorter time.

Background: To discover a new agent which possesses dual property of analgesic and antimicrobial activity, thereby reducing the burden of polypharmacy. Phyllanthus amarus was screened for its analgesic and antimicrobial activities. Objectives: The objective was to evaluate the analgesic and antimicrobial activity, of P. amarus ethanolic extract (PAEE). Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of P. amarus was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. An in vivo study using Swiss albino mice was done to screen the central and peripheral analgesic activity of P. amarus extract. The extract was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight orally. The peripheral analgesic activity was assessed using acetic acid induced writhing test. The central analgesic activity was assessed using Eddy's hot plate apparatus. An in vitro study was carried out to study the antimicrobial activity of the above extract using selected species of Streptococcus mutans, and S. salivarius. The antimicrobial activities were determined using the agar well method. Results: The ethanolic extract of P. amarus showed significant (P < 0.05) peripheral and central analgesic activity. In vitro antimicrobial screening indicated that the ethanolic extract had shown a zone of inhibition against S. mutans and S. salivarius in the agar wells. Conclusion: This study showed that PAEE exhibited significant analgesic and antimicrobial activities.

This study aims to compare the efficacy of a mango (Mangifera indica) leaf mouthwash with chlorhexidine on plaque status, gingival status, and salivary Streptococcus mutans count.A sample of twenty children, aged 8-14 years, Mangalore Residential School, Karnataka, India, was allocated into two groups. Group A (10) and Group B (10) were given test mouthwash "mango leaf mouthwash" and chlorhexidine, respectively. The clinical trial was carried out for ½ h after rinsing and after 5 days, during which children were asked to rinse once daily, with 10 ml of the given mouthwash ½ h after tooth brushing.There was a significant reduction in microbial count, improved plaque control and gingival health in mango leaf and chlorhexidine mouthwash groups with higher reduction in microbial count, and better plaque control and gingival health seen in chlorhexidine group.Herbal alternatives proved to be an effective and safe alternative to conventional modes of treatment.

Propolis, a natural antibiotic, is a resinous substance that honey bees (Apis mellifera) produce. The main chemical classes present in propolis are flavonoids, phenolics and other various aromatic compounds. Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial action of propolis on the concentration of Streptococcus mutans colonizing the oral cavity of children. Materials and methods: Thirty children performed the rinses, with no other changes in their oral hygiene and dietary habits. Saliva was collected at two time points: Before using the product, 1 hour after the rinse. Results: Paired t-test was used for analysis of the results. A reduction in the concentration of Streptococcus mutans was observed in samples collected after use of the extract. There was a reduction in Streptococcus mutans count when compared to samples obtained in baseline. Significant reductions were seen at the end of 1 hour. The result was statistically significant. There were no side effects in soft and hard tissues of mouth. Conclusion and clinical implication: The propolis possesses in vivo antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans present in the oral cavity and might be used as a measure to prevent dental caries. How to cite this article: Hegde KS, Bhat SS, Rao A, Sain S. Effect of Propolis on Streptococcus mutans Counts: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(1):22-25.

Introduction Overweight and obesity are growing healthrelated problems worldwide, and it is currently the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the association between overweight and dental caries among 12- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in Mangaluru district, Karnataka, India. Materials and methods Data were obtained from 2000 schoolgoing children aged 12 to 15 years. The children were categorized as overweight and normal-weight group by assessing the body mass index (BMI). Body mass index was categorized using the classification system given by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and obtained in units of kg/m2. The dental caries was assessed by detection and was performed according to decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Results Of the 2000 children examined, the mean BMI recorded was 26.87 ± 2.26 for the overweight children and 20.82 ± 1.48 for the normal-weight children. Even though the DMFT (3.90 ± 2.95) in the overweight children was slightly higher than the control group (3.36 ± 2.73), it was not statistically significant. Conclusion Within the confines of the present study, it can be concluded that there is no significant association between overweight and dental caries among the schoolchildren of Mangaluru district in Karnataka. Longitudinal studies are necessary to substantiate the possible relationships between dental caries and overweight in children. Knowledge of these relationships could lead to preventive health measures designed to reduce the prevalence of both obesity and dental caries. How to cite this article Kottayi S, Bhat SS, Hegde KS, Peedikayil FC, Chandru TP, Anil S. A Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence of Dental Caries among 12- to 15-year-old Overweight Schoolchildren. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9): 750-754.

Background: Children at high risk exhibiting anterior tooth decay and/or molar caries may benefit by treatment with stainless steel crowns (SSCs) to protect the remaining at-risk tooth surfaces. The nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) has become an increasingly powerful approach to predict stress and strain within structures in a realistic situation that cannot be solved by conventional linear static models. There are very few studies that have measured the stress in endodontically treated primary teeth, especially when restored with crowns. Hence, this study is done to analyze stress in endodontically treated primary molar without and with SSC using FEA. Methodology: A three-dimensional (3D) FEA model was generated using an intact normally extracted human maxillary deciduous second molar. The tooth was subjected to a computerized tomography (CT) scan, and a cross-section of the tooth was obtained at an equal interval of 0.5 mm, in Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) format. The 3D geometrical model of the tooth was converted from CT DICOM as a 3D model. Two models were created: Model 1 – without SSC; Model 2 – with SSC. They were then subjected to an occlusal load (354 N, 179 N, 42 N, and 8 N) both vertically and horizontally. Results: With increased load, there is an increase in Von Mises stress and strain. The displacement patterns are well within the safe range for Model 2 as compared to Model 1. Conclusion: Endodontically treated tooth when not suitably restored with a SSC results in fracture of the underlying tooth structure. Finite element model can not only be used to evaluate stress but can also be used as a tool to educate patients regarding the importance of postendodontic restorations.

As members of health profession, medical practitioners and dentists have a duty to promote oral and general health and healthy lifestyles among their patients, by raising their awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco on health and guiding them in conquering tobacco addiction. A significant barrier to anti-tobacco counseling by health professionals has been found to be as a result of self-use, of tobacco. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and prevalence of tobacco use among medical and dental health professionals of Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Ever consumers were 37% and 19% were current consumers of tobacco in the present study. Cigarette is major product consumed. Majority of the current consumers (56.92%) had attempted to quit but more than half (60%) had again restarted the habit of tobacco consumption. Addiction was the cause for not quitting the habit among 15.38% of current consumers. 38.9% stated that they had participated in anti-tobacco programmes. Majority of the health professionals (72.91%) have expressed that tobacco use has to be banned. Effective cessation programs to reduce tobacco use among health professionals should be promoted‥

Background: The involvement of mouth breathing, facial, and structural growth alterations, especially during childhood has been discussed in medical and dental literature. The relevance of airway obstruction and its assumed effect on facial growth continues to be debated. Materials and Methods: This study was aimed at assessing the dental and soft tissue abnormalities in mouth breathing children with and without adenoid hypertrophy. Fifty children aged between 6 and 12 years following otolaryngological examination were divided into three groups: Group I (MBA): Twenty mouth breathing children with enlarged adenoids and 60% of nasopharynx obstruction; Group II (MB): Twenty mouth breathing children without any nasal obstruction; Group III (nasal breathers [NB]): Ten nose breathing healthy individuals (control group). Digital lateral cephalograms were obtained and the dental and soft tissue parameters were assessed using the cephalometric software, Dolphin Imaging 11.5 version. Comparison was done using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc analysis. Results: There was a significant increase in IMPA (P = 0.001 and 0.007 respectively), interlabial gap (P = 0.007 and 0.002 respectively) and facial convexity (P < 0.001 and 0.001 respectively) in both MBA and MB groups when compared to NB. The upper incisor proclination (P = 0.012) and facial convexity (P = 0.003) were significantly higher in mouthbreathers with adenoid hypertrophy. However, upper incisor proclination (P = 0.009) was statistically signifi cant only in group MB when compared to NB. Conclusion: All subjects with mouth-breathing habit exhibited a significant increase in lower incisor proclination, lip incompetency and convex facial profile. The presence of adenoids accentuated the facial convexity and mentolabial sulcus depth.

Aims: This study aims to compare the efficacy of a mango (Mangifera indica) leaf mouthwash with chlorhexidine on plaque status, gingival status, and salivary Streptococcus mutans count. Materials and Methods: A sample of twenty children, aged 8–14 years, Mangalore Residential School, Karnataka, India, was allocated into two groups. Group A (10) and Group B (10) were given test mouthwash “mango leaf mouthwash” and chlorhexidine, respectively. The clinical trial was carried out for ½ h after rinsing and after 5 days, during which children were asked to rinse once daily, with 10 ml of the given mouthwash ½ h after tooth brushing. Results: There was a significant reduction in microbial count, improved plaque control and gingival health in mango leaf and chlorhexidine mouthwash groups with higher reduction in microbial count, and better plaque control and gingival health seen in chlorhexidine group. Conclusion: Herbal alternatives proved to be an effective and safe alternative to conventional modes of treatment.