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Copyright of Italica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wydawnictwo Adam Marszalek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wydawnictwo Adam Marszalek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper, which brings together the results of a pretiminary research, is to provide an overview of selected issues and textual practices related to indirect translation in the Polish-Italian intercultural exchange in the 20th century. In Polish literary translation studies, the significance of indirect translation has been seriously undervalued, especially in research on literary translation from Polish as a source language. Many classical works prominent of Polish authors (e.g. Witold Gombrowicz, Czesław Miłosz, Stanisław Lem) were published in Italy as a result of indirect translation via one of the "central" languages, usually French or English, or by a bilingual team of translators. After discussing main terminological and methodological issues, the study presents two "microhistorical" examples - La casa delle donne: Zofia Nałkowska's Dom kobiet translated in 1930 by Sibilla Aleramo via intermediary translations into French and Italian, and Witold Gombrowicz's Ferdydurke, translated into Italian in 1961 by Sergio Miniussi via French and Spanish, under the supervision of Konstanty A. Jeleński. These two cases, exemplify different text typologies and practical approaches to the translation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its title, Invisible Cities (1972) is the most visible book by Italo Calvino. Calvino included visibility in his literary testament, Six Memos for the Next Millennium, as one of the fundamental values of literary creation. He often emphasized the significance of visibility in his writings and pointed out its close connection with exactitude, another value that he felt important for the next millennium. Translated into Polish by Alina Kreisberg, the book was first published in 1975 and republished in 2005 and 2013. The translator, who considers the book a record of an inner journey "around one's head", openly admits to having modified various details of Calvino's images, recognizing that certain terms would sound too exotic, encyclopedic and elitist in Polish. Her translations of architectural and art historical terms are particularly noteworthy, leading sometimes to a change in the style of buildings evoked by Calvino's text. The translator's decisions make the images of Invisible Cities even more surrealistic and mythical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maria Konopnicka's translation of Ada Negri's two early poetry volumes, Fatalita and Tempeste, was published in Warsaw in 1901. The article examines Konopnicka's translation in its historical and comparative context and presents her principal translation strategies. Since her debut in 1890s, Negri's originals and Konopnicka's writings have been considered similar because of their social engagement and sensibility. Konopnicka's decision to translate Fatalita and Tempeste is usually seen as a result of her social interests. On the basis of Konopnicka's and Negri's letters and metaliterary enunciations, it can be assumed that Negri's vision of creative act as a sudden and unstoppable inspiration of the inner spirit was also highly appreciated by the Polish poet. In her translation Konopnicka tends to naturalize the Italian originals on all the levels of expression, deploying her own favourite rhythmic patterns and figures of speech [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]