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International audience; The use of several plant protection inputs of mineral origin, such as copper, sulphur or mineral oils is seen as contentious by many consumers and stakeholders within the organic sector. Although the use of these inputs is legal in organic systems and also applied in non-organic agriculture, their use by organic growers raises questions for organic practice, which aspires to be free from toxic, non-renewable chemicals. Data on the current use of permitted plant protection inputs is currently scarce, especially in horticulture where chemical inputs deserve special attention since horticultural products are often readily edible. A mapping of the use of copper, sulphur and mineral oils was conducted by collecting expert knowledge across 10 European countries during May–October 2018, i.e. before the limitation of copper use to 4 kg ha−1 year−1 from February 1, 2019. Results show that copper is widely used by Mediterranean organic growers in citrus, olive, tomato and potato production. The annual limit of 6 kg ha−1 year−1 was not always respected. We also found that tomato producers apply high amounts of copper in winter crops in greenhouses. Mineral oils are applied to control scales, mites and whiteflies. Sulphur is also commonly used by organic vegetable growers, especially in greenhouses. We conclude that the high usage found in various different crops (especially Mediterranean crops) confirms the need for researching alternatives.

Diagnosis of diffuse adenomyosis by means of conventional techniques and pelvic examination is still unsatisfactory. Adenomyosis is quite a common disease that causes pelvic pain and menorrhagia in the premenapausal group of women. A thirty-nine years old female patient with severe pelvic pain and menorrhagia was examined by transvaginal ultrasonography. The findings of transvaginal ultrasonography, correlated with the pathology report is presented in this paper. Anechoic heterogenous areas in the myometrium have raised the question of adenomyosis. Pathological findings of the hysterectomy specimen were in accordance with the ultrasonography findings, which may lead to a new era in the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

A huge endometrioma presenting as an intraabdominal mass was confused with a malignant tumor in a 44 year old woman. The computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings of the lesion with this rare size of existence are illustrated and pertinent literature is briefly reviewed.

Purpose: The abberant right subclavian artery, in the existance of left archus aorta, is a common congenital aortic anomaly and has been reported to occur in 0.7% of the population in large autopsy series. However, if the aberrant right subclavian artery does not take place in a vascular ring formation, it is rarely symptomatic at the childhood period. Case report: A fourteen-months-old boy was attempted to the hospital with the complaints of wheezing; difficulty in breathing and failure of thrive. Chest X-ray, Magnetic resonance imaging and angiographies were performed and it was determined that symptoms were resulted from aberrant right subclavian artery. Conclusion: The case underwent a left posteriolateral thoracotomy; the aberrant right subclavian artery was resected from the archus aorta and anastomosis was done to the ascendant aorta. The post-operative period, Amaç: Aberran sağ subclavyan arter, sol aortik arkus varlığında sık görülen doğumsal aort anomalilerindendir. Geniş otopsi dizilerinde olguların % 0.7’ sinde bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak aberran sağ subklavyan arter, vasküler ring oluşumları dışında ender olarak çocukluk çağında bulgu verir. Olgu sunumu: Ondört aylık erkek çocuk hırıltı, solunum sıkıntısı, beslenme güçlüğü ve gelişme geriliği yakınmaları ile hastanemize başvurdu. Göğüs posterio-anterior grafisi, magnetic rezonans görüntüleme, anjiografi yapıldı ve semptomların aberran sağ subklavyan arterden kaynaklandığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Sol posterolateral torakotomi yapılan olguda, aberran sağ subklavyan arter, arkus aortadan reseke edilerek, çıkan aortaya anastomoz edildi. Operasyon sonrası dönem sorunsuz geçirildi ve tüm operasyon öncesi was uneventful and all preoperative symptoms semptomlar postoperatif altıncı ayda kayboldu. disappeared within six months postoperatively

defektlerde son dönem olumsuz etkiler oluşmadan önce, volüm yükü altında kalan sol ventrikülün fonksiyonlarındaki değişikliklerin halen kullanılmakta olan konvansiyonel yöntemler ile belirlenmesi bazen yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Bu amaçla kalbin sistolik ve diyastolik fonksiyonlarını belirleyecek basit ve kolay elde edilebilir yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden biri olan, kalbin global olarak fonksiyonunu belirlemede, Doppler ekokardiyografiden türetilen miyokardiyal performans indeksinin (Tei İndeksi), son yıllarda çeşitli kalp hastalıklarında klinik ve prognostik önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada Tei indeksinin izole VSD’lerdeki klinik önemini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: İzole ventriküler septal defekt tanısı almış çocuklar ile sağlıklı çocuklar arasında, sol ventrikül sistolik ve diyastolik fonksiyonlarını belirlemede kullanılan Doppler eko indeksleri (E/A oranı, DT, Tei İndeksi), M-mode ölçümleri (LVEDD, LVESD, LA, EF, FS) karşılaştırılmış; ayrıca VSD’li grup içinde MPI’nin klinik ve prognostik önemi, klinik değerlendirme, ekokardiyografik ve kateter-anjiografi çalış- maları parametreleri göz önüne alınarak ortaya koyulmak istenmiştir. Bulgular: İzole VSD’li, yaş ortalaması 58 ± 53 (3-204 ay) ay olan 69 çocuk çalışma grubu ve yaş ortalaması 65 ± 42 (3-207 ay) ay olan 64 sağlıklı çocuk kontrol grubu olarak olarak alındı. Gruplar arasında M-mode özellikleri açısından fark bulunmadı. Doppler eko bulgularında E/A oranı ve ET VSD’li grupta, sağlıklı çocuklara göre istatistiksel anlamlı olarak düşük saptandı (1,38 ± 0,13;1,58 ± 0,36, p < 0,001; 245 ± 93; 266 ± 34, p < 0,003). Tei İndeksi değerleri VSD’li çocuklarda, sağlıklı çocuklara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulundu (0,32 ± 0,08; 0,26 ± 0,05, p < 0,0001). VSD’li grup içinde MPI ile düzeltilmiş VSD çapı, Qp/Qs arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu (r=0,39, p < 0,001; r= 0,73, p < 0,0001). Yaş, sistolik kan basıncı, diyastolik kan basıncı, kalp hızı, Qp/Qs, VSD gradienti, düzeltilmiş VSD çapı ve M-mode ölçümlerinin dahil edildiği multivariate analizde en belirleyici değişkenin Qp/Qs olduğu bulundu (p < 0,0001). Qp/Qs oranı > 2 olan grupta, < 2 olan gruba göre Tei in deksi değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulundu (0,29 ± 0,04; 0,42 ± 0,08, p < 0,0001). Ayrıca semptomatik olan olgularda, olmayan olgulara göre indeks değerleri anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu görüldü (0,38 ± 0,06; 0,31 ± 0,07, p < 0,02). Sonuç: Miyokardiyal performans indeksinin, VSD’li hastalarda sol ventrikül dis-fonksiyonunu monitörize etmede yararlı bir parametre olduğu bulunmuştur. Tei indeksindeki artışlar ile VSD’li hastaların kötü klinik sonuçları arasında yakın ilişki gösterilmiştir.

Aim: We aimed to detect the utility of head up tilt test with video electroencephalography (EEG) in children with unexplained, recurrent loss of consciousness episodes. Method: Video EEG were recorded during the head up tilt test. The test was terminated if syncope or presyncope with 30% decrease in heart rate and/or systolic blood pressure occurred. Regarding encephalography, average amplitudes and frequencies at the baseline, tilt up position, presyncope, syncope and post-syncope period were evaluated from frontal, temporal and parieto-occipital areas. Results: There were 29 children (23 girl, 6 boy), with a mean age 13.83 +/- 3.3 years who had at least two syncopal attacks. Head up tilt test combined with video EEG was diagnostic in 12/29 patient (41.4%). 8/12 of the patients developed syncope attack and 4/12 of the patients developed presyncope attacks. Four (33.3%) of the patients with syncope attack had associated involuntary movements (3 vasodepressor, 1 mixed type). In the tilt positive group, there were significant differences in the amplitudes of frontal regions between the baseline and presyncope period (p=0.016 and 0.027, right and left hemispheres, respectively). There were also significant differences in the amplitudes of frontal and parieto-occipital regions and in the frequencies involving the bilateral parieto-occipital regions of the baseline and syncope period (p

In this paper we present the results of ab initio first-principle calculations of the lattice dynamics of ternary TlInS2 semiconductor with highly anisotropic crystal structure. Calculations have been performed using the open-source code ABINIT on the basis of density functional theory within the plane-wave pseudopotential approach. The basis of plane waves was truncated at electron kinetic energy of 40 Ha. Integration over the Brillouin zone was carried out using a 2 x 2 x 2 grid. The equilibrium structure was determined by minimizing the total energy with respect to the lattice constants and the internal structural parameters. The results are discussed in terms of previously existing experimental data. It is shown that along the layer, the low-frequency acoustic branch displays the bending wave behavior that is typical for crystals having a layered structure.

The retrospective study on 25 ectopic prenancy cases✓This study was made on 25 ectopic pregnancy cases who applied to Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, between 1988-1990. The demographic properties of the cases have been compared.✓Çalışma. 1988-1990 yıllan arasında, Ondokuz Mayıs üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıktan ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı'na başvuran 25 dış gebelik olgusu üzerinde retrospektif olarak yapıldı. Olguların demografik özellikleri literatür bulgulan ile karşılaştırıldı.

Growth performance of Penaeus semisulcatus under semi-intensive and intensive systems in pond/tank culture conditions with pre-seasonally or over-wintered animals was studied in sub-tropical climate conditions of Turkey. In Pond A, the pre-seasonally produced post-larvae (PL) grew linearly from 0.2 g to 22.6 g in 140 days (Y = 0.19 X- 2.69; R2 = 0.97) with DGR (daily growth rate) of 0.06 g day-1. In Pond B, the over-wintered juveniles grew from 3.8 g to 30.5 g with DGR of 0.41 g during the first 30 days (weight gain of 14.42 g) and 0.13 g between 30 and 140 days (weight gain of 14.32 g). Regression equation for growth was calculated to be Y = 9.62 Log (X) + 4.51 (R2 = 0.99). Compensatory growth due to starvation or over-winter fasting has, for the first time, been demonstrated in this penaeid shrimp species in the present study. Food deprivation during the winter months resulted in growth compensation after re-feeding under appropriate culture conditions. During the compensatory growth period (first month after re-feeding), the shrimps gained an average weight of 2.87 g week-1, but after this period, growth rate declined to 0.91 g week-1 (over three-fold less) for the rest of the growth period (between 2nd and 5th months). This preliminary finding is a promising area on which studies should be focused on, as fasting and re-feeding strategy at low temperature can provide a chance to increase marketable size of shrimps or to even produce two crops per year in the sub-tropics. The shrimps (0.2 g) reached to 13.7 g at 30 PL per m2 (DGR 0.10 g), 6.44-7.37 g (DGR 0.05 g) at 40-50 PL per m2 in 140 days. The estimated yields were 880-1,150 kg ha-1 in semi-intensive ponds and 1,597-2,673 kg ha-1 in intensive ponds. The shrimps grown in concrete Tanks displayed even poorer growth performance resulting in only 879 kg and 793 kg ha-1 of yield. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey.

SUMMARYROLE OF THE Q-TIP TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCEThe Q-tip test was applied in 32 women with stress urinary incon¬tinence, 28 women with anterior vaginal wall relaxation but no incontinence, 37 women without anterior vaginal wall relaxation and incontinence, Q-tip test results between groups were compared. It was concluded that urethral relaxation and mobility as measured by the Q-tip test are related to defects in anterior vaginal support, but not to urethral sphincteric incompetence.ÖZETÜriner stres inkontinensi olan 32, anterior vajinal duvar relak-sasyonu olan fakat inkontinensi olmayan 28, anterior vajinal duvar relaksasyonu ve inkontinensi olmayan 37 kadında Q-tip testi yapıldı. üç grup arasında Q-tip test sonuçları karşılaş¬tırıldı . Q-tip testinin ÖSİ göstermede yararlı olmadığı saptandı.

SUMMARYThe Rates of Success in Shirodkar and Mc Donald OperationsIn this study, the rates of success in Shirodkar and Mc Donald operations performed in our clinics during the last eight years were compared and relevant literature was reviewed.ÖzetBu çalışmada son 8 yıl içinde kliniğimizde yapılmış olan Shirodkar ve Mc Donald ameliyatlarının başarı oranları karşılaştırılmış ve literatür gözden geçirilmiştir.

The treatment of the cervical atresia: a case report. Atresia of the uterine cervix is a relati¬vely infrequent müllerian anomaly. When this anomaly does occur, it is often in associa¬tion with absence of a portion or all of the vagina. Functional treatment of the patients with cervical atresia is very difficult. In this paper, we presented a case with pure cervical atresia and reviewed the relevant literature related to the treatment of the cervical atresia.Servikal atrezi son derece nadir bir müllerian anomalidir. Bu anomali sıklıkla kısmi veya tam vaginal agenezis ile birliktedir. Servikal atrezili olguların fonksiyonel olarak tedavisi çok güçtür. Bu makalemizde pür servikal atrezili bir olgu sunduk ve konuya ilişkin güncel literatürü inceledik.

Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis: a case report§/ Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis is a serious but uncommon complication of pelvic infection. This disorder is much more common among obstetric patients than it is among gynecolo¬gic patients. The notable lack of specific physical findings for septic pelvic vein throm¬bophlebitis necessitates that the diagnosis be made retrospectively when defervescence has followed therapuetic anticoagulation of a patient with persistent puerperal fever resis¬tant to adequate aerobic and anaerobic therapy. In this paper, we presented a case with septic pelvic thrombophlebitis and reviewed the related literature.Septik pelvik tromboflebit pelvik enfeksiyonun ciddi fakat nadir bir komplikasyonudur. Bu durum obstetrik hastalarda jinekolojik hastalarda olduğundan çok daha sık görülür. Has¬talığa ait spesifik fizik bulgular yoktur. Tanı çoğu kez antibiyotik tedavisine yanıt alınamaması, fakat antikoagülan tedavi ile kısa zamanda hastalığın iyileşmesi sonucunda retrospektif olarak konulur. Bu yazımızda septik pelvik tromboflebitli bir olgu sunduk ve bu konu ile ilgili literatürü gözden geçirdik.

The rates of cesarean section between 1983-1989✓The distribution of the rates of cesarean section made between 1983-1989 and their indica¬tions was investigated retrospectively according to the years at Ondokuzmayis University, Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. The total cesarean section rate between these years was found 20.15 %, by a progressive increase, it was found to rise to 29.89 % in 1989. Repated cesarean sections were found that they constitued the first indication. Our findings were seen consistend with the literature findings.

Critical thermal minima (CTmin) and lower incipient lethal temperature (LILT) were determined for Penaeus semisulcatus juveniles at combinations of four acclimation temperatures (18, 22, 26 and 30 °C) and four salinity levels (20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt). While the CTmin and LILT of shrimps were not affected significantly by salinity (P>0.05), a direct relationship was determined between the thermal minima values (CTmin, LILT) and the acclimation temperature (P

A patient with pulmonary actinomycosis who unexpectedly showed focal uptake of technetium-99m-hexakis-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile and thallium-201 is presented. The appearance of the lesion on the chest radiograph and x-ray CT scan resembled a mediastinal tumor. The diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis was achieved by histopathologic examination of the surgically removed mass.