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Polyaniline (PANI) is a promising conductive polymer for use in energy storage applications. Here, a one-step hydrothermal method of PANI polymerization on carbon felt electrode was synthesized using an azo dye, a bisulfonated dichloro anionic dye molecule to enhance an efficient textile-based flexible supercapacitor electrode material for energy storage applications. The electrode material synthesized at concentration of 2 mM AY17 exhibits 814.1 F g-1 at the scan rate of 5 mV s-1 with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Due to electrostatic interaction with the polymer, the presence of high electronegativity Cl atoms in the dye molecule significantly improves the PANI structure's electron donor/acceptor properties. A symmetric supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 11.7 W h kg−1 at a power density of 300 W kg−1, and it is 4.5 W h kg−1 at 1800 W kg−1 in 3.0 M KCl aqueous electrolyte. The capacitance retention performance value of the symmetric supercapacitor exhibited 81.76% after 2500 cycles.

Packaging must have a good commercial appearance and is generally obtained by ink transferred to its substrate. It is important that the ink used in packaging printing is produced from environmentally friendly and sustainable raw materials as well as being suitable for the printing system. The increasing demand in the field of printed packaging and the scarcity of resources to meet this demand have accelerated the search for new sources for inks. For this purpose, inks produced in the laboratory using a modified cellulose-based binder, a commercial acrylic resin and a commercial soybean protein were compared with a commercial ink. As a result of the study, it was determined that the printability properties of the ink obtained by using the modified cellulose-based binder were better than the ink obtained with commercial soybean protein. It was determined that it showed printability properties close to the ink produced with commercial acrylic binders. By using modified cellulose-based water-based flexographic ink instead of other commonly used binders, more environmentally friendly sustainable inks can be produced.

This paper aims to report the synthesis of two new organotin(IV) carboxylate derivatives, triphenyltin(IV) 4-aminobenzoate (2) and triphenyltin(IV) 4-nitrobenzoate (3) and to examine their antibacterial activity as a disinfectant. These compounds were prepared by reacting triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide (1) with 4-aminobenzoic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid, respectively. Compound (2) was obtained as a yellow solid with a yield of 84.09% and compound (3) in the form of a white solid with a yield of 80.70%. These compounds were well characterized using UV-Vis spectrometry, FT-IR spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The bioactivity test as a disinfectant was tested against Salmonella typhosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The activity test was carried out by measuring the optical density (OD) of the tested compounds with concentration variations of 5x10-3, 1x10-3, and 5x10-4 M in methanol and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), commercial Wipol (2.5% pine oil) was used as a positive control with observations monitored at contact times of 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The results showed that of both compounds were active against the two bacteria compared to the positive control with compound 3 found to be more active than compound 2.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), closely related to diabetic nephropathy, is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Today, with the increasing understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of DM, new oral anti-diabetic treatment strategies are being developed. Vanadium is a transition element that is widely distributed in nature, and its oral administration has been reported to improve DM in humans and a variety of diabetic animal models. The purpose of the research is to explore the effect of vanadyl sulfate (VS) administration on the different enzyme activities associated with kidney injury in streptozotocin- (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Male rats were assigned into groups as follows: untreated control, control animals given VS (100 mg/kg), diabetic (a single dose of intraperitoneal STZ, 65 mg/kg), and diabetic + VS (same dose) group. VS was administered orally for 60 days after the induction of diabetes. On the 60th day of experiment, kidney samples were taken for analysis. According to the data obtained from the biochemical analysis, the activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase activity elevated in the kidney tissue of VS treated hyperglycemic animals. The results suggested that VS improved the diabetic renal injury, probably by VS insulin-mimic and antioxidant behavior through decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant capacity. Therefore, vanadyl sulfate might be used as a potential oral anti-diabetic compound in the treatment of the diabetic nephropathy, and as an important control for elevated blood glucose levels in the diabetic state.

Application of Pistacia atlantica Leaves Powder as Natural Material To Remove Nitrate and Phosphate Ions From Domestic Wastewater by Characterization, Bio-removal, and Phytotoxicity StudiesObaida Alhajali1* , Adnan Ali-Nizam1 , Rasha Almostafa2 1Damascus University, Department of Plant Biology, Damascus, Syria.2International University for Science and Technology, Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Syria. Abstract: Description of Pistacia leaves powder using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), specific surface area according to nitrogen adsorption (SBET) and methylene Blue (MB), and point of zero charge determination (pHpzc). A series of batch adsorption tests were conducted to study effect of various factors (plant powders dose, contact time, temperature, pH) on the percentage of nitrate and phosphate removal from domestic wastewater. The adsorption kinetics, regeneration ability test of plant powder, and phytotoxicity tests for treated water and spent powder on germination were studied. Results of SBET analysis showed that Pistacia leaves powders have a low surface area and microscopic pores, SEM images revealed rough surfaces with uneven cavities, EDX analysis showed that there are high percentages of carbon and oxygen, good percentages for nitrogen, and few percentages of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sulfur and chlorine, and FTIR analysis showed that there are more than five distinct absorption peaks. The maximum value of nitrate and phosphate removal was 76.47% and 52.20%, respectively, at powder dose of 2 g/L, temperature 25 °C, and pH 5, and the percentage of nitrate and phosphate removal increased with increasing contact time until equilibrium was reached after 120 min for nitrate and 180 min for phosphate, and It was found that adsorption of ions follows kinetics of reaction from pseudo-second-order model, and powders can be Regeneration and used for two successive cycles with a slight decrease in removal efficiency. Germination tests on Lepidium sativum indicate no phytotoxicity. That is, Pistacia leaves powder is one of the natural products that are effective in removing nitrate and phosphate from domestic wastewater.

Sickle cell anemia is one of the single point mutation diseases with symptoms such as stroke, lethargy, chronic anemia, and increased mortality, and it causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped. In the study, a biosensor system was developed to detect this mutation quickly and cost-effectively. This biosensor system was prepared by forming a SAM layer with 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on the gold electrode, and coating it with amino graphene. It was then modified with SG-RNA with the sequence of the target mutation after CRISPR-dCas9 immobilization. The nanomaterial used in the preparation of the biosensor increased the sensitivity of the method by increasing the surface area. The biosensor prepared in this way was optimized and made to perform DNA analysis. As a measurement method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in 50 mM pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution, which includes 5 mM Fe(CN)64- /3- and 10 mM KCl, as redox probe solution by CV and EIS in this redox probe solution. EIS parameters were 10,000–0.05 Hz frequency, 10 mV AC and 180 mV DC potentials, and CV parameters were between - 0.2 to 0.5 V potential, 100 mV/s scan rate for 5 cycles. The DNA measurement time of the biosensor system was determined by the chronoimpedance measurements taken by applying a frequency of 500 Hz under 200 mV DC current. Measurement time of the biosensor was found to be 100 seconds. With the CRISPR-Cas9 based electrochemical biosensor system, which gives faster results compared to the measurement methods in the literature, a linear measurement between 40 pM and 1000 pM with a length of 400 base pairs was taken.

The concentrations of linker group effect different physicochemical features of the biopolymer, including thermal stability, shape, swelling, and water solubility. Herein, three novel chitosan (CH) based films (CHSD1-3) have been prepared by a facile method for their film characteristics. Thus, amphiphilic salicylaldehydediol (SD) was synthesized from hydrophilic glycidol and salicylaldehyde in high yield and regioselectivity. CHSD1-3 films were prepared by the imine condensation reaction of polymeric chitosan backbone and various ratios of SD linker. The reaction takes place with high conversation and amazingly mechanically resistant thickness films without using any plasticizer that exhibits low water solubility and low swelling ratios at pH > 3, which can be suggested as thin layer protecting systems for medical devices. Chitosan-salicylaldehydediol biopolymer films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The FT-IR, DSC, and XRD results show a clear linkage of the SD group to the chitosan backbone, high thermal stability of the films, and a change in the original nature of chitosan, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations have also supported the successful grafting of the SD group onto the chitosan.

In this study, using a new polymer combination of Chitosan(CH)/Xanthan Gum(XG) has been exhibited for wound dressing implementation by the 3D-Printing method, which was fabricated due to its biocompatible, biodegradable, improved mechanical strength, low degradation rate, and hydrophilic nature to develop cell-mimicking, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Different concentrations of XG were added to the CH solution as 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1, and 2 wt% respectively in the formic acid/distilled water (1.5:8.5) solution and rheologically characterized to evaluate their printability. The results demonstrated that high mechanical strength, hydrophilic properties, and slow degradation rate were observed with the presence and increment of XG concentration within the 3D-Printed patches. Moreover, in vitro cell culture research was conducted by seeding NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells on the patches, proving the cell proliferation rate, viability, and adhesion. Finally, 1% XG and 4% CH containing 3D-Printed patches were great potential for wound dressing applications.

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are photovoltaic devices that produce electricity from the photon energy of sunlight using dyes. Dyes used DSSCs should have a broad absorption spectrum at the UV-Vis region and should be strongly bound to the photoanode surface. Dyes are used in DSSCs can be classified into three types: metal complex dyes, metal-free organic dyes and natural dyes. For metal complex dyes, ruthenium is usually used as metal centers. While most Ru complex dyes have high efficiency, Ru is a rare metal. To decrease the cost of Ru complex dyes, transition metals are widely investigated. In this work, diphenylcarbazone and tartrazine with different metal complexes were synthesized and investigated for their suitability for DSSCs. UV-Vis was used for the characterization of dyes and linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the performance of DSSCs.

Diminishing supply and environmental pollution of fossil fuels are the vital factors leading to the search of alternative sources of energy like biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the eco-friendly substitutes of energy which is mainly utilized in diesel engines. Ricinus communis (castor plant), which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae yields an oil rich beans and plays important role in the production of biodiesel. Recently, the demand of castor oil and its products has been raised in the world market due to its versatility to use and simplicity to produce. Therefore, this study investigates the extraction of castor oil and its conversion in to biodiesel via alkali catalyzed transesterification. The seed oil of the plant was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus and the quality of the biodiesel was examined using the standard procedures of American standards for testing methods. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the extracted oil was examined using GC-MS. The seed oil was liquid at room temperature (25 °C), golden yellow in color with a nutty odor. The extraction processes yielded 324 g (9.25% w/w) and 78% of oil and biodiesel respectively. The density (0.86 g/mL), viscosity (5.42 mm2s-1), flash point (87 °C), acid value (0.35 mg KOH/g), water content (0.80%), iodine value (108.60), and cetane number (58.00) were reported in this study and showed a good agreement with the standards of biodiesel. GC-MS analysis of the seed oil also showed the presence of 10 different fatty acids (9-Octadecenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, methyl ester, [R-(Z)] took the highest composition) which plays significant role for the production of methyl esters. So, the study can assure that castor oil can be used for commercial production of biodiesel at cost effective scales.

In this paper, the no-wait flow shop problem with earliness and tardiness objectives is considered. The problem is proven to be NP-hard. Recent no-wait flow shop problem studies focused on familiar objectives, such as makespan, total flow time, and total completion time. However, the problem has limited studies with solution approaches covering the concomitant use of earliness and tardiness objectives. A novel methodology for the parallel simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to solve this problem in order to overcome the runtime drawback of classical simulated annealing and enhance its robustness. The well-known flow shop problem datasets in the literature are utilized for benchmarking the proposed algorithm, along with the classical simulated annealing, variants of tabu search, and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the runtime and robustness of the algorithms. The results revealed the enhancement of the classical simulated annealing algorithm in terms of time consumption and solution robustness via parallelization. It is also concluded that the proposed algorithm could outperform the benchmark metaheuristics even when run in parallel. The proposed algorithm has a generic structure that can be easily adapted to many combinatorial optimization problems.

© 2023 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.Antiproliferative activity of Achillea vermicularis extracts was calculated on glial (C6) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines using XTT assay. It was observed that all extracts of A. vermicularis at the determined concentration were not cytotoxic in HaCaT cell lines. The nanoparticles (NPs) of the extract with the best cytotoxic activity was prepared, and necessary characterization studies were performed. Results showed that NP containing the extract has a lower IC50 value and more cytotoxic activity in C6 cells compared to the only extract. Furthermore, the antiepileptic potentials of these substances were explored in this study. The effect of A. vermicularis extracts on the enzyme activities of carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II) was measured using spectrophotometry to achieve this goal. A. vermicularis extracts demonstrated high inhibitory activities compared to standard inhibitor (acetazolamide, AAZ), with IC50 values in the range of 5.04–10.8 μg/ml for hCA I, and 5.40–9.22 μg/ml for hCA II. High-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was used in this investigation to assess the main chemicals found in the extract and NPs. The results showed that the ethanol extract (157.636 μg/mg extract) and NPs (4.631 μg/mg extract) had a significant amount of the 8-hydroxy salvigenin component.

Glutatyon redüktaz (GR), oksitlenmiş glutatyondan (GSSG) indirgenmiş glutatyonun (GSH) geri kazanımını katalize ederek GSH/GSSG oranını korumak için gerekli olan önemli bir antioksidan enzimdir. Bu hayati görev nedeniyle, GR'nin inhibisyonu birçok hastalığın tedavisinde önemli bir hedeftir, bu nedenle ilaç tasarımında yol gösterici olacak yeni GR inhibitörlerini belirlemeyi amaçladık. Daha önce, farklı 2-aminotiyazol analoglarının in vitro antikanser değerlendirme çalışmaları, meme, lösemi, akciğer, kolon, CNS, melanom, yumurtalık, böbrek ve prostat gibi çok çeşitli insan kanserli hücre hatlarına karşı güçlü ve seçici nanomolar inhibitör aktiviteleri sergiledikleri çalışmalarla doğrulandı. Çalışmamızda taze insan eritrositlerinden izole edilen GR üzerine, C-2 pozisyonunda amino grubu içeren ve terapötik uygulamalarda çekirdek yapı olarak kullanılan tiyazol türevi altı maddenin inhibisyon etkisini araştırdık. 2-amino-4-(2,4-diflorofenil)tiyazol, 2-amino-4-(4-bromofenil)tiyazol, 2-amino-5-metil-4-feniltiyazol, 2-amino-4-(5,6) ,7,8-tetrahidro-2-naftil)tiyazol, 2-amino-4-(4-klorofenil)tiyazol, 4-(3,4-diflorofenil)-1,3-tiyazol-2-amino bileşiklerinin sırasıyla IC50 değerleri 0,64 µM, 3,69 µM, 42,8 µM, 0,91 µM, 0,63 µM ve 21 µM olarak belirledik. Ki değerleri ise sırasıyla 0,006±0,00048 µM, 0,33±0,11 µM, 63,61±0,33 µM, 0,905±0,073 µM, 0,89±0,47 µM, 97,44 µM olarak hesaplandı. En yüksek inhibisyon etkisini 2-amino-4-(2,4-diflorofenil) tiyazol, en düşük inhibisyon etkisini ise 4-(3,4-diflorofenil)-1,3-tiyazol-2-aminonun gösterdiği görüldü. Sadece 2-Amino-4-(2,4-diflorofenil) tiyazolün yarışmalı inhibisyon sergilediği, diğer bileşiklerin yarışmasız inhibisyon sergilediği görüldü. Çalışmamız,bu tiyazol türevlerinin güçlü GR inhibitörleri olduğunu, yeni ilaç adayların belirlenmesi için yol gösterici olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir., Glutathione reductase enzyme (GR) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the formation of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and undertakes the task of maintaining the GSH/GSSG ratio in the body. This important task has made the inhibition of GR an important target in the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, it is very important to identify new GR inhibitors that can be used in drug design. In vitro anticancer studies of different 2-aminothiazole analogs have been shown to have potent inhibitory activities against a wide variety of human cancer cell lines, including lung, leukemia, breast, ovarian, kidney, melanoma, colon, CNS, and prostate. We investigated the inhibition effect of six thiazole derivatives, which contain an amino group at the C-2 position and used as a core structure in therapeutic applications, on GR isolated from fresh human erythrocytes. We determined the IC50 values of compounds 2-amino-4-(2,4-difluorophenyl) thiazole, 2-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazole, 2-amino-5-methyl-4-phenylthiazole, 2-amino-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)thiazole, 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole, 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazole-2-amino 0,64 µM, 3,69 µM, 42,8 µM, 0,91 µM, 0,63 µM ve 21 µM respectively. Ki values were calculated as 0,006±0,00048 µM, 0,33±0,11 µM, 63,61±0,33 µM, 0,905±0,073 µM, 0,89±0,47 µM, 97,44 µM respectively. It was observed that 2-amino-4-(2,4-difluorophenyl) thiazole had the highest inhibition effect and 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amino had the lowest inhibition effect. It was observed that only 2-amino-4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)thiazole exhibited competitive inhibition, while other compounds exhibited non-competitive inhibition. Our study shows that these thiazole derivatives are potent GR inhibitors and can be used as a guide for the identification of new drug candidates.

Apomorphine is currently used as a dopamine agonist to treat advanced Parkinson Disease. In the present study, we developed a sensitive, simple, reliable, and robust HPLC method for quality control of apomorphine hydrochloride in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. C18 column was used for separation. Isocratic elution was performed using mobile phase A: 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (pH:3 with ortho-phosphoric acid), B: acetonitrile in the ratio of 85:15 (A: B), and the mobile-phase flow rate was kept at 1 mL min-1. Analyses were carried out at 272 nm using a UV detector. A perfect linear relationship between peak-area versus drug concentration in the range of 10‑100 μg mL-1 was observed (r2, 0.9999). It has been found that the developed method is sensitive (Detection and quantification limits were determined as 1.3 μg mL-1 and 3.8 μg mL-1, respectively), precise (RSD

© 2022 by the authors.This research aims to estimate the delivery time and energy cost of e-scooter vehicles for distributing mail or packages and to show the usage efficiency of e-scooter sharing services in postal service delivery in Turkey. The machine learning (ML) methods used to implement the prediction of delivery time and energy cost as output variables include random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), k-nearest neighbour (kNN), and neural network (NN) algorithms. Fifteen input variables under demographic, environmental, geographical, time, and meta-features are utilised in the ML algorithms. The correlation coefficient (R2) values of RF, GB, NN, and kNN algorithms were computed for delivery time as 0.816, 0.845, 0.821, and 0.786, respectively. The GB algorithm, which has a high R2 and the slightest margin of error, exhibited the best prediction performance for delivery time and energy cost. Regarding delivery time, the GB algorithm’s MSE, RMSE, and MAE values were calculated as 149.32, 12.22, and 6.08, respectively. The R2 values of RF, GB, NN, and kNN algorithms were computed for energy cost as 0.917, 0.953, 0.400, and 0.365, respectively. The MSE, RMSE, and MAE values of the GB algorithm were calculated as 0.001, 0.019, and 0.009, respectively. The average energy cost to complete a package or mail delivery process with e-scooter vehicles is calculated as 0.125 TL, and the required time is approximately computed as 11.21 min. The scientific innovation of the study shows that e-scooter delivery vehicles are better for the environment, cost, and energy than traditional delivery vehicles. At the same time, using e-scooters as the preferred way to deliver packages or mail has shown how well the delivery service works. Because of this, the results of this study will help in the development of ways to make the use of e-scooters in delivery service even more efficient.

In this survey, some methods of extraction of thorium such as selective extraction of thorium using phosphorodiamidate, selective cloud point extraction of thorium, extraction of thorium from sulfuric acid baking and leaching of monazite, extraction of thorium from chloride solution using Schiff base were discussed. The decomposition of monazite was manifested by sulfuric acid baking and leaching at an elated temperature. The recovery of thorium (Th) from various sources of rare earth and some selective extraction of thorium by using phosphorodiamidate as an extractant was also reported. Using a special synthesized surface-active ionic liquid extractant (SAIL), the cloud point extraction of thorium was analyzed. A synthesized Schiff base was applied for the extraction of thorium in the strategic solvent extraction method. Thorium, using α-amino phosphate extractant from bastnaesite, recovered by using Cyanex 572 and N1923, recovery of Th from industrial residues and recovery of Th from radioactive waste by using IREPO and monazite leached solution were discussed. In this study, the recovery of thorium from the industrial residue as well as from radioactive residue was also discussed.

The objective of this paper was preliminary to extract and characterization of purified pectin from lemon wastes. Dry lemon waste was extracted applying citric acid solvent or water at various concentrations under a similar condition (85 ºC for 4 h). It was found that the highest yield of pectin (20.8% dry basis) was achieved using hot water extraction with an esterification degree of 47.8%. It contained 63.2 ± 0.74% galacturonic acid, followed by 17.4 ± 0.76% total sugar. The monosaccharides found in pectin were arabinose (2.7 ± 0.20%), galactose (2.3 ± 0.01%), glucose (1.4 ± 0.09%), mannose (0.4 ± 0.01%), fructose (0.4 ± 0.05%), and xylose (0.1 ± 0.01%). The found pectin had a high atomic weight of 2060 kDa with a wide polydispersity index of 4.41, decided by high-Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC). The extricated lemon waste pectin was grouped into low methoxyl pectin, depends on the methoxyl content and degree of esterification affirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and rheological properties. In conclusion, the discoveries of the study show that lemon waste can be investigated as a promising elective for the commercial manufacturing of pectin.

Mulberry leaves are used traditional medicine in many diseases. The various biological activities of the plants are due to its chemical contents, therefore the phytochemical composition and biological potential of the plant vary according to the region where it grows. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potential using in vitro inhibition tests of leaves of white and black mulberry obtained from trees grown in Edirne. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents of leaves extracts were determined in the range of 35.08-47.57 µg gallic acid, 18.40-46.25 µg rutin and 4.59- 7.53 µg tannic acid equivalents, respectively. While ethanol extract of black mulberry leaves showed high activity in CUPRAC method (9.1 μmol TEAC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2΄-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging assays (EC50 0.31 mg/mL and 0.79 mg/mL, respectively), the ethanol extract of white mulberry leaves showed better carotene bleaching activity (EC50 0.47 mg/mL). Only water extracts of leaves were observed to have metal chelating capacity. In the antidiabetic activity study, the water extracts of leaves showed varying degrees of inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The potential inhibitory effect of water extracts on carbohydrate digestive enzymes shows that mulberry leaves can be considered as a source of a drug candidate in the antidiabetic drug researches. Also black mulberry leaves can be used in cosmetic applications due to their antioxidant properties., Dut yaprakları halk arasında çeşitli hastalıklarda geleneksel olarak kullanılan bir bitkidir. Bitkilerin gösterdikleri çok çeşitli biyolojik etkinlikleri içerdikleri bileşenlerden kaynaklanmakta olup, bitkinin fitokimyasal bileşimi ve biyolojik potansiyeli yetiştiği bölgeye göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Edirne ilinde yetişen beyaz ve siyah dut ağacı yapraklarından elde edilen su ve etanol ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktivitesinin ve in vitro enzim inhibisyon testleri ile antidiyabetik kapasitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Beyaz ve siyah dut ağacı yaprak ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik madde miktarı 35.08-47.57 µg gallik asit eşdeğeri/mg, flavonoid miktarı 18.40-46.25 µg rutin eşdeğeri/mg ve tanen miktarı 4.59-7.53 µg tannik asit eşdeğeri/mg aralıklarında tayin edildi. Antioksidan aktivite testlerinde 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) ve 2,2΄-azinobis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS) radikallerini gidermede (EC50 sırasıyla 0.31 mg/mL ve 0.79 mg/mL) ve CUPRAC metodunda (9.1 μmol troloks eşdeğeri antioksidan kapasite-TEAC) siyah dut yapraklarının etanol ekstraktı yüksek aktivite gösterirken, beta-karoten ağartma metodunda beyaz dut yapraklarının etanol ekstraktı (EC50 0.47 mg/mL) daha iyi sonuç verdi. Dut yapraklarının sadece su ekstraktlarının metal iyonlarını şelatlama gücüne sahip olduğu görüldü. Antidiyabetik aktivite çalışmasında yaprakların su ekstraktları değişen oranlarda α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz inhibisyonu gösterdi. Su ekstraklarının karbonhidrat sindirim enzimleri üzerine potansiyel inhibitör etkisi göstermesi, ülkemizde besin olarak tüketilmeyen dut yapraklarının ilaç hammaddesi kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebileceğini; siyah dut yapraklarının ise antioksidan katkı amaçlı olarak kozmetik uygulamalarda kullanılmak üzere ekonomiye kazandırılabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Abstract: Some novel triazole-bearing ketone and oxime derivatives were synthesized from Ibuprofen. In vitro cytotoxic activities of all synthesized molecules against five cancer lines (human breast cancer MCF-7, human lung cancer A549, human prostate cancer PC-3, human cervix cancer HeLa, and human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell lines) were evaluated by MTT assay. In addition, mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3) were also evaluated to determine the selectivity. Compounds 18, 36, and 45 were found to be the most cytotoxic, and their IC50 values were in the range of 17.46–68.76 µM, against the tested cancer cells. According to the results, compounds 7 and 13 demonstrated good anti-inflammatory activity against the microsomal enzyme prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) enzyme at IC50 values of 13.6 and 4.95 µM. The low cytotoxicity and non-mutagenity of these compounds were found interesting. Also, these compounds significantly prevented tube formation in angiogenesis studies. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis inhibitory activities of these compounds without toxicity suggested that they may be promising agents in anti-inflammatory treatment and they may be supportive agents for the cancer treatment. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

In this study, two novel silicon phthalocyanines (SiPc) having axial anchoring groups (3: SiPc carrying bis-dibutyl phenoxy acrylic acid and 5: SiPc carrying bis-dibutyl phenoxy carboxylic acid) are synthesized as the photosensitizers of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The obtained novel photosensitizers are elucidated by using 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Moreover, the electrochemistry of SiPcs is investigated with voltametric and in-situ spectroelectrochemical analysis. Both SiPcs illustrate similar two reductions and one oxidation Pc based redox processes. In-situ spectroelectrochemical results support the Pc based characters of the voltametric responses. The chromaticity diagrams and optical responses of the anionic and cationic moieties are recorded with the in-situ spectroelectrochemistry to determine the viability of them for various photoelectrochemical usage. Finally, SiPcs are investigated as dyes in DSSCs in order to investigate the influence of bis-dibutyl phenoxy acrylic acid and bis-dibutyl phenoxy carboxylic acid anchoring groups to the photovoltaic performance of SiPcs. DSSCs sensitized with SiPc (3) and SiPc (5) illustrate good photovoltaic performance with 1.48 and 1.99 mA/cm2 short circuit current density, 0.751 and 0.657 V open circuit potential, 0.52 and 0.57 fill factor, and 0.57% and 0.75% power conversion efficiency respectively.

The first synthesis of 2,4-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide (SAV-A1 reagent) was achieved. Seven oxo-alkyl esters (HLn) were synthesized thereof. Ni(II) complexes ([Ni(Ln)(2)]) of these ligands were prepared in ethanol. The structures were identified by spectral studies. Ni(II) complexes were unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography. In addition, the ligands and their Ni(II) complexes were tested on two different human cancer cell lines, including liver and colon. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the Ni(II) complexes were performed, and the molecular docking studies of these compounds with liver cancer protein, PDB ID: 3WZE and colon cancer antigen proteins, ID 2HQ6 were presented to investigate and predict potential interactions.

Drug repurposing studies have played a crucial role in fighting the Covid-19 pandemic. Discovering a new drug molecule for disease takes a very long time. However, repurposing a drug molecule developed for another disease can accelerate new treatments for a disease. Thus, several drug repurposing studies were carried out targeting essential proteins for SARS-CoV-2. Nsp16-Nsp10 interaction was targeted in this work since this interaction is needed for SARS-CoV-2 to evade the human immune system. Therefore, docking calculations of approved 2126 drug molecules obtained from the Drugbank database were performed using the AutoDock Vina program. These docking calculations, drugs Ledipasvir Elbasvir, Venetoclax, Digitoxin, Irinotecan, Dexamethasone, Acetyldigitoxin, Dactinomycin, Lumacaftor, and Simeprevir, have the highest docking scores. Significant interactions for these drug molecules were presented. © 2021, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

The ionic liquid of pyridine base [emPy]I was prepared. Then, a series of complex salts were designed from it with some transition metal chlorides Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) as Lewis acids. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and physical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance "1H-NMR", infrared spectroscopy "FT-IR", electronic spectrum "UV", mass spectroscopy "MS", elemental analysis "CHN", magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, and other methods. The thermal stability of these compounds was also verified within the temperature range of (25-1000 °C). [emPy]I and its complex salts were tested in the extractive desulfurization process EDS. The procedure treats them with the model fuel of sulfur content of 2000 ppm, prepared from dissolving dibenzothiophene DBT in n-hexane. The ratio of sulfur removal was estimated using the GC-FID technique. The optimal conditions for EDS process were studied, and the possibility of reusing the extractant more than once without regeneration.

The present study focuses on the effect of experimental parameters (pH, temperature, gel mass, metal concentration, contact time) on the performance of lead adsorption by polyacrylamide hydrogels. The results obtained showed that the retention of Pb2+ ions is closely linked to these parameters. The adsorbent gels equilibrate with the metal solution after 180 minutes, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 442.31 mg/g. In addition, the adsorption obeys the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. Desorption of the micropollutant retained by the hydrogel was also studied using 0.1 M of HCl solution. The desorption was rapid, and the efficiency exceeded 90% after a contact time of 90 minutes.

Güneş ışığının etkisini azaltan özel boyalarda kullanılan serin pigmentler genellikle perilenler yardımıyla üretilir. Beyaz boyalar güneş ışığını geniş bir yelpazede yansıtırken, siyah ve diğer koyu renkler geniş bir spektrumu absorbe ettikleri için uygulandıkları malzemelerin ısınmasına etki ederler. “Serin pigmentler” (boyalar) olarak adlandırılan moleküller, koyu renkli olmalarına rağmen güneş ışınlarının NIR bölgesinde çok düşük absorpsiyon göstermeleri nedeniyle ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 12 farklı perilen bazlı pigment kuantum hesaplamaları ile analiz edilmiş, yansımaları ve özellikleri arasındaki korelasyonlar incelenmiştir. Hesaplamalarda Hartree-Fock hesaplama yöntemi ve 3-21G temel seti kullanılarak Gaussian 9 Revision D.01 de yapılmıştır. Yardımcı ara yüzey yazılımı olarak Gaussview 5.0.8 kullanılmıştır. Sentezlenen perilenlerin karakterizasyonu Ft-IR, NMR, XRD ile yapılmış ve daha önceki çalışmalarda yayınlanmıştır. Simülasyondan elde edilen entalpi, HOMO.LUMO aralığı, simetri ve dipol momentleri karşılaştırılmış ve sonuç olarak NIR yansımasının pigmentlerin dipol momentleri ile ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir., Cool pigments used in special paints that reduce the effect of sunlight are generally produced with the help of perylenes. While white paints reflect a wide range of sunlight, black and other dark colors absorb a wide spectrum, so they have an effect on the heating of the materials they are applied to. Molecules called “cool pigments” (dyes) are of interest because they exhibit very low absorption in the NIR region of the sun's rays, although they are dark in color. In this study, 12 different perylene-based pigments were analyzed with quantum calculations and the correlations of their reflections and properties were examined. Hartree-Fock method and 3-21G basis set were applied in the calculations and Gaussian 9 Revision D.01 and Gaussview 5.0.8 were used as interface. The characterization of the synthesized perylenes has been done with Ft-IR, NMR, XRD and has been published in previous studies. The enthalpy, HOMO.LUMO gap, symmetry and dipole moments obtained from the simulation were compared and as a result it was determined that the NIR reflection was related to the dipole moments of the pigments.

A combined strategy of computational, protein engineering and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) approaches was performed on Bacillus lehensis G1 maltogenic amylase (Mag1) to investigate the preferred amino acids and orientation of the cross-linker in constructing stable and efficient biocatalyst. From the computational analysis, Mag1 exhibited the highest binding affinity towards chitosan (-7.5 kcal/mol) and favours having interactions with aspartic acid whereas glutaraldehyde was the least favoured (-3.4 kcal/mol) and has preferences for lysine. A total of eight Mag1 variants were constructed with either Asp or Lys substitutions on different secondary structures surface. Mutant Mag1-mDh exhibited the highest recovery activity (82.3%) in comparison to other Mag1 variants. Mutants-CLEAs exhibited higher thermal stability (20-30% activity) at 80 °C whilst Mag1-CLEAs could only retain 9% of activity at the same temperature. Reusability analysis revealed that mutants-CLEAs can be recovered up to 8 cycles whereas Mag1-CLEAs activity could only be retained for up to 6 cycles. Thus, it is evident that amino acids on the enzyme's surface play a crucial role in the construction of highly stable, efficient and recyclable CLEAs. This demonstrates the necessity to determine the preferential amino acid by the cross-linkers in advance to facilitate CLEAs immobilisation for designing efficient biocatalysts.

Nowadays, the need for papers and cardboards with improved surface properties is increasing with the development of the packaging industry. The improvements made are not only limited to the paper and paper surface, but also environmentalist approaches are exhibited in printing ink. For this purpose, the use of water-based ink tends to become widespread, especially in food packaging. In this study, five different paper coating formulations were prepared using different proportions of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and kaolin pigments. Latex (Acronal S360D) was used as a binder. All prepared coating mixes were applied onto the base paper surface. All coated papers were also subjected to the calendering process. In addition, three different dyestuffs (14, 17, 20%) concentrations of water-based printing inks were prepared. Prints were made by the silk screen printing technique on the calendered-coated papers. The optical and physical properties (roughness, air permeance, paper gloss and printing gloss, contact angle and surface energy) of all papers were measured according to the standards. Paper gloss, print gloss, Delta E-00 color differences, contact angles and surface energy measurements were made, and the effects of dye ratio on printing and gloss in water-based inks and coating type suitable for printability were investigated. As a result, papers can be coated and even calendered to achieve better paper surface properties and printability. In the case of printing with water-based inks, better printability properties are obtained by choosing PCC pigmented coated papers.

One of the factors determining the life of ceramic glazes used for decorative purposes is the glaze's re-sistance to abrasion and chemicals. The abrasion resistance of the glaze can be improved by increasing the hardness of the glaze. One of the ways to increase the hardness of the glaze is the creation of suitable glass-ceramic systems in which a harder crystalline phase or phases are developed from the glassy matrix. It has been determined that surface defects such as staining, and abrasion occur on the surfaces of the metallic glazed products produced after exposure to low-concentration chemicals. In the present study, it was aimed to develop recipe in an attempt to improve the resistance of the produced metallic surface products against surface defects. Chemical analysis of the used raw mate-rials was done by X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy and their components were determined, and recipes were created in the light of chemical components. The characteristic melting behaviours of the created glaze recipe were determined by performing heat microscopy analysis. The behaviour of the recipes containing different amount of metal oxide powders (iron oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide) from commercial companies on abrasion and metallic/artistic surface obtainment were investigated. It was determined that the acid/alkali resistance of the obtained metallic glaze recipes, as well as the results of resistance to citric acid, household chemicals, and swimming pool salts were improved. Also, matte glazes for wall tiles with metallic appearance, speck effect, and abrasion-resistant, and compatible with industrial fast-firing conditions have been developed., Dekoratif amaçlı olarak kullanılan, seramik sırların ömrünü belirleyen faktörlerin başında sırın aşınma ve kim-yasallara karşı direnci yer almaktadır. Sırın aşınma direnci, sır sertliğinin arttırılmasıyla iyileştirilebilmektedir. Sırın sertliğini arttırmanın yollarından biri; camsı matristen daha sert kristal faz ya da fazların geliştirildiği uygun cam seramik sistemlerin oluşturulmasıdır. Geliştirilen metalik sırlı ürünlerin düşük konsantrasyonlu kimyasallara maruz bırakılmasından sonra yüzeylerinde leke tutma ve aşınma gibi yüzey hatalarının meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, üretilen metalik yüzeyli ürünlerin yüzey hatalarına karşı dayanımlarını arttırmak için reçeteler geliştiril-mesi amaçlanmıştır. Kullanılacak olan hammaddelerin kimyasal analizleri X-Ray flüoresans spektroskopisi ile analiz edilerek bileşenleri tespit edilmiş olup reçeteler bu bilgiler ışığında oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan sır reçetesinin karak-teristik ergime davranışları, ısı mikroskobu analizi yapılarak tespit edilmiştir. Ticari firmalardan alınan metal oksit tozlarının (demir oksit, bakır oksit, mangan oksit) farklı oranlarda kullanılmasıyla oluşturulan reçetelerin aşınmaya ve metalik/artistik yüzey elde etmek üzerine davranışları araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen metalik sır reçetelerin asit/alkali da-yanımlarını geliştiği ve buna ek olarak sitrik asit, ev kimyasalları ve yüzme havuzu tuzlarına dayanım sonuçlarının ise iyileştirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda endüstriyel hızlı pişirim koşullarına uyumlu metalik görünümlü, benek efektli ve aşınmaya dirençli, duvar karosu mat sırlar da geliştirilmiştir.

Streptomycin (STR) and dihydrostreptomycin (DSTR) are the typically encountered aminoglycoside (AMG) residues in honey. For AMG analysis, studies in literature involve impractical and expensive applications such as ion-pairing chromatography, immunoassays, pre and post column derivatizations, or SPE approaches. Pre -treatments of these methods are toilsome and costly. Herein, one-pot, aqueous in-situ derivatization method was presented as a superior protocol. Time and cost-efficient UHPLC-MS/MS method has been developed, and practical sample preparation was introduced. Satisfactory results were reported in method verification studies. The mean recovery values were 102.6% for STR and 101.3% for DSTR. Average values between 1.5% and 9.9% RSDs were found at intra and inter-day precisions. CC alpha (5.7 and 5.8 mu g/kg) and CC beta (6.2 and 6.4 mu g/kg) values were calculated for STR and DSTR respectively. AMG residues were found in 29 out of 110 analyzed samples using validated method. Described novelty enabled comprehensive analysis in an inexpensive and straightfor-ward manner.

The use of metal-free click reactions for the design and synthesis of novel flame retardant reactive monomers for thiol-ene photopolymerization is an intriguing area of research. In this study, we have prepared a new, 9,10-dihy-dro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based, P-and N-containing reactive flame retardant via the metal-free azide-alkyne click reaction. For this purpose, first, azide-functionalized DOPO (DOPO-N-3) has been synthesized via Atherton-Todd reaction, and then this compound has been reacted with acetylene dicar-boxylic acid diallyl ester (ACDAE) to give the flame retardant monomer, namely DOPO-triazole diallyl ester (DTDAE). As prepared flame retardant monomer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopies. Thermoset materials prepared by using DTDAE displayed over 90% gel content values. Polar triazole and phosphorous units rendered the surface of the ther-mosets hydrophilic. The thermal stability of the networks was enhanced, char yields increased and the glass transition temperatures (T(g)s) were increased. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of the crosslinked materials increased up to 27.8% as the DTDAE content was increased in the formulations. The synthetic method described in this study provides a practical approach for the synthesis of a P-and N-containing flame retardant through a metal-free azide-alkyne click reaction Also, the fact that DTDAE is in a liquid state makes this study valuable as it indicates that it can be easily dispersed. It is also believed this promising compound can be used in different polymer structures and formulations to develop new flame retardants in future studies to be applied in industrial applications.

The detection qualitative of Phytochemical compounds of extracts was carried out using color reagents, total content of phenols and flavonoids was specified using folin– ciocalteu and aluminium chloride method, respectively, and antioxidant activity was determined through its ability to free radicals scavenging using DPPH radical. The efficacy of the plant extracts against pathogenic bacteria was studied by agar well diffusion method with different concentrations, and microdilution method was used to measure minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all plant extracts. The results showed presence of tannins, phenols, and flavonoids in all extracts of both plants, while saponins were found in aqueous extracts only, cardiac glycosides and coumarins were absent in all plant extracts. Ethanolic extract of Pistacia atlantica recorded the highest content of phenols and flavonoids as 263.76 ± 0.53 (mg GAE/g Dw) and 46.83 ± 0.55 (mg RE/g Dw), respectively. While aqueous extract of Pinus canariensis recorded the lowest content of of phenols and flavonoids 30.11 ± 0.37 (mg GAE/g Dw) and 5.43 ± 0.38 (mg RE/g Dw), respectively. Both plants have been shown to have good antioxidant activity, as ethanolic extract of P. atlantica recorded the best ability to free radicals scavenging 90.27% ±1.51, ethanolic extracts of both plants were the most effective in inhibiting bacteria especially at high concentrations (500 mg/mL); the inhibition zone diameter of P. atlantica extract was reached against Shigella boydii 33.56 mm, while aqueous extract of P. canariensis was the most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the inhibition zone diameter was 21 mm. MIC ranged between 5.468 and 43.75 mg/mL depending on plant extract and bacterial species. This confirms the importance of plant extracts as a natural source of antibacterial to confront problems of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics that threaten public health.

The condition for obtaining the Tl3AsS4 compound was investigated based on TlNO3 and As2S5 compounds in hydrothermal conditions in the aquatic environment. It was found that Tl3AsS4 compound has been obtained from a mixture of the primary components (As2S5 and TlNO3) in a ratio of 4:15 mol at 80 °C in the range of pH = 7 – 8. The individuality of the obtained Tl3AsS4 compound was confirmed by the XRD method and DTA, and TG analyses. The thermally processed Tl3AsS4 compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure at 220 °C. Based on the results of TG analysis, the temperatures of the phase transitions that occur during the oxidation of the compound were determined and the stoichiometric composition of the compound was specified. The SEM results of the compound showed that the Tl3AsS4 precipitate obtained from the solution at 80 °C is composed of aggregates of highly adherent nanoparticles and the size of the nanoparticles varies from ~60 to 120 nm. The effect of pH of the medium and the amount of the primary components on the yield of Tl3AsS4 was studied. It was determined that when T > 100 °C, (Tl2S)x(As2S3)1-x (x=0.1-0.9) – containing sediments are obtained from different molar ratios of the primary components (As2S5 and TlNO3).

Modern agriculture depends upon the wide variety of natural and synthetically produced chemicals such insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and other pesticides This work studied the effect of synthetic and biological insecticides on microbial population and microbial activities in soil samples. The insecticides used in this study are cypermethrin, chloropyrifos, neem extracts and ginger extracts. Bacteria and fungi were isolated and identified from the soil samples. TBC, TCC and TFC were determined. Dehydrogenase activity, microbial respiration and microbial biomass carbon in the soil samples were also examined. The control soil samples recorded the highest TBC, TFC, TCC, dehydrogenase activity, microbial respiration and microbial biomass carbon. Soils treated with chloropyrifos recorded the lowest total coliform count of 0.10×105 ± 0.00 cfu/g, while cyperforce treated soils recorded the lowest total bacterial count of 0.58×105 ± 0.025cfu/g. Cyperforce treated soils had the lowest effect on CO2 respired in the soil with a value of 1687.50 ± 1.500 mg/kg. 500 g/ml Neem leaf extract had the highest microbial biomass carbon value of 9.40 ± 0.100 KgC/m2. This work has shown that treatment with both synthetic and bio-insecticides resulted in significant drop in microbial population and microbial activity of soil samples.

Carbon-based nanostructures have attracted extensive interest in obtaining advanced sensing electronic devices in environmental and biological monitoring applications as an alternative to conventional materials. Herein, the facile preparation, control of the growth, and artificial intelligence–based morphological information of the carbon nanopillar array in the Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) template were investigated. A facile approach for controlling the growth of the nanostructure was proposed as a two-step anodization technique for AAO and Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) for carbon nanopillar array. It involved the competitive carbon deposition between the carbon nanopillars electrodeposited on the AAO template and at the bottom of the pores of AAO under vacuum conditions. The morphology and structure of the prepared carbon nanopillars were reported in detail. Hexagonally straight AAO nanotubes were approximately 65 nm in diameter and 360 nm in length, with 90 nm interpore distances. The AAO nanotube density is approximately 1.75x1014 cm-2. Carbon nanopillars with a width of ~60 nm were used to create a low-dimensional nanostructure. This controllable preparation leads to the facile and impressive preparation of a free-standing carbon nanopillar array, especially for various chemical sensor applications.

Topoisomerase II (Top-II) is an essential therapeutic target in cancer treatment owing to its overexpression in a wide variety of cancerous cells, including colorectal and breast cancer. Significant efforts have been made to discover and develop competitive inhibitors of the Top-II enzyme as potential anticancer agents. Herein, molecular modeling was employed to identify a new series of furyl-2-carboxamide derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Compounds 3, 5, and 7 were synthesized and characterized with the aid of several spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. The anticancer activity properties of compounds 3, 5, and 7 were evaluated in vitro using an MTT assay in a human colorectal HCT-116 cell line with different concentration dilutions. The results indicate that the anthraquinone compound 3 is 1.3-1.6 times more potent against human colon cancer HCT-116 cells than the pyridine and benzophenone compounds 7 and 5, respectively, which reveals the importance of the anthraquinone moiety in exerting the inhibitory activity of the compound. Our findings recommend that further optimization of this series would benefit colon cancer treatment.

With the development of the manufacturing industry, machining parameters and material processing efficiency are important due to cost, sustainability, and other parameters, which are determining factors for usage width, material choice, and production rate. Machinability and optimization are among the scientists\" and industry workers\" timely objectives, guiding the manufacturing industries. Thus, the study and analysis of parameters such as surface roughness, tool wear, and force application in superalloy machining would be beneficial in various fields of the manufacturing industry. In this work, RSM (surface response method) modelling and analysis of relationship Fx, Fy, Fz forces between surface roughness of Inconel-718 material, which is a very unique alloy in terms of corrosion resistance, high-temperature elevation, and fatigue values, is examined. From this work, it was found that an experimental design was prepared using the Taguchi method, and the required number of measurements and parameter values were determined with a small number of experiments. Then, the most ideal values were determined using the Response Surface Methodology and ANOVA method to determine the best parameter levels after the surface roughness and cutting forces measurements.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the most important staple food crops grown in Nigeria. This study determined the phytochemical, proximate and mineral contents of cassava leaves and nutritive value of associated arthropod pests. Phytochemicals, proximate, mineral and vitamin contents of samples were analyzed using the method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Results showed high amounts of crude protein, crude fat, moisture content, carbohydrate and mineral content in all arthropod insects examined. The highest quantity of Ca (1152.84±0.67 mg/100g) was obtained in ABF4 followed by ABF5 (1148.72±1.09 mg/kg). The lowest phenol content of 0.10±0.00 ppm was obtained in the cassava branch. The leaf recorded the highest phenol value of 0.74±0.01 ppm. Alkaloid had the highest value of 3.51±2.45ppm in Manihot esculenta branch. The highest crude protein and crude fat values of 3.41±0.13 % and 4.83±0.02 % were obtained in ABF5. Vitamin C was found in very high quantities compared to the other types of vitamins examined in this work. The highest Vitamin C content of 34.930±0.136 mg/100g was obtained. Cassava leaves and the arthropod pests are good sources of nutrients. Cassava leaves could also be used as an antimicrobial agent.

The main advantage of standard gas sampling methods is their capability to keep a consistent gas composition from sampling till analysis. On the other hand, the disadvantages include the price and possible fragility of the sampling equipment, and the speed of sampling. Thus, a new tool was required that should have low cost, could be used for fast sampling and during fieldwork. Disposable plastic syringes fulfil all these requirements with the additional advantage that they can be used multiple times to take gas samples. With the utilisation of 3-way stopcocks, a filter media and a butterfly needle, a simple but efficient sampling system was prepared. Even though the holding time of certain components is not as high as it is for a standard sample holder, the precise analysis of the gas samples is possible. Syringes have been successfully utilised in the field of applied pyrolysis, for small and pilot scale experiments, and can even be used in industrial environment.

In the present work, surfactant-assisted convenient extraction method was developed for the isolation of trimyristin from nutmeg. Commercially available monomeric surfactants and novel readily synthesized cationic dimeric surfactant were used as auxiliary chemicals. The improved isolation method herein, revealed that the combination of dimeric surfactant with hexane allows selective extraction (without colored polar components of nutmeg) and maximum yield of triglyceride. In addition, the developed method is more practical than existing protocols and provides higher yields of trimyristin in short period of time.

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) have been considered as promising materials for gas storage applications due to their highly porous structures and tunable characteristics. In this work, high-throughput molecular simulations were performed to screen the recent Computation-Ready Experimental COF Database (CoRE-COF) for H2 storage a first time in the literature. Predictions for H2 uptakes were first compared with the experimental data of several COFs. Motivated from the good agreement between simulations and experiments, we performed Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations to compute volumetric H2 uptakes of 296 COFs at various temperatures and pressures and identified the best candidates which exhibit a superior performance for H2 storage. COFs outperformed several well-known MOFs such as HKUST-1, NU-125, NU-1000 series, NOTT-112 and UiO-67 at 100bar/77K adsorption and 5bar/160K desorption conditions. We also examined the effect of Feynman-Hibbs correction on simulated H2 isotherms and H2 working capacities of COFs to consider quantum effects at low temperatures. Results showed that the Feynman-Hibbs corrections do not affect the ranking of materials based on H2 working capacities, but slightly affect the predictions of H2 adsorption isotherms. We finally examined the structure-performance relations and showed that density and porosity are highly correlated with the volumetric H2 working capacities of COFs. Results of this study will be highly useful in guiding future research and focusing experimental efforts on the best COF adsorbents identified in this study.

WOS: 000513771000008, Nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (CDs) were prepared via the solvothermal method, using urea and triethylene glycol as the starting materials. The as-prepared CDs had individual diameters of approximately 100 nm and were in clusters of different sizes. The surface composition and optical properties of the as-prepared CDs were characterized. They exhibited multicolor emission properties in the visible range when excited with a wide wavelength range. The aqueous solution of the CDs was used in highly sensitive tartrazine determination. The fluorescence quenching of the CDs was in a linear relationship with the concentrations of tartrazine in the range of 0.5-30.0 mu M. The detection limit of the assay was 0.18 mu M. Acceptable recovery results were obtained via spike-recovery experiments on cookie samples.

Interest in Cd complexes has been growing in recent years. Cd complexes areconsidered a potential solution in the search for novel antibiotics that can fightantimicrobial resistance. In addition, Cd complexes draw attention to materialchemistry. The main objective of this work was to prepare the firstCd(II) complexes with anionic forms of pyridine-based thiazolyl hydrazone(THs) ligands HLS2[(E)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-[pyridine-2- ylmethylene]hydrazinyl)thiazole] and HLS3[(E)-2- (2-[pyridine-2-ylmethylene]hydrazinyl)-4-(p- tolyl)thiazole] and perform their structural and spectroscopic characteri-zation, as well as stability in solution and upon heating. Studies related to theirbiological activities and possible electrochromic applications are also beingconducted. Complexes [Cd(HLS2)2](1) and [Cd(HLS3)2](2) have been charac-terized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction and computational analysis of inter-molecular interactions responsible for their solid-state structures wasperformed. Thermal stability of1and2in the solid-state was analyzed byTGA/MS, where as their solution stability was determined by the spectropho-tometric titration method. Electrochemical andin situUV–Vis spectroelectro- chemical analyses of1and2were carried out to determine redox mechanismsand the influence of the substituents and electrolytes on their redox responses.The antioxidant capacity of both complexes was tested in antioxidant assays, while their antimicrobial activity was tested against five Gram-positive andfour Gram-negative bacteria, as well as against three fungi. The obtainedresults indicate their potent antioxidant capacity. The antimicrobial activity ofinvestigated compounds on almost all tested bacterial strains was strongerthan that of the standard antibiotic erythromycin. The results of docking stud-ies indicate that the minor groove DNA is the possible biological target of1and2.KEYWORDSantimicrobial activity, Cd(II) complex, docking, in situspectroelectrochemistry, thiazolylhydrazonesReceived: 18 July 2022Revised: 14 October 2022Accepted: 20 October 2022DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6942Appl Organomet Chem.2023 ; 37:e6942.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ aoc© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.1of20https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.6942

In this work, a new, fast and green pH assisted solidified homogeneous liquid phase microextraction method (pH-MS-HLPME) was developed. Initially, the complex formation of Ni-1-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (Ni-PTC) and the dissolution of the extraction solvent (caprylic acid) in water were achieved by addition of NaOH. After base addition caprylic acid (CA) become completely soluble as sodium caprylate in model solution. The phase separation of extraction solvent was accessed by addition of HCl. The analyse of nickel concentrations was carried out by micro-sampler adapted flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Under optimized parameters, linear range (10.0-450 ?g L-1), detection limit (3.2 ?g L-1), limit of quantification (10.0 ?g L-1), relative standard deviation (2.0 %), relative error (-3.9 %), and preconcentration factor (45) were calculated, respectively. Finally, the developed pH-MS -HLPME methodology was successfully applied to LGC 6010 hard drinking water (CRM) and some water samples. Bu çalışmada yeni, hızlı ve yeşil bir pH destekli katılaştırılmış homojen sıvı faz mikroekstraksiyon metodu (pH-MS-HLPME) geliştirildi. İlk olarak, Ni-1-feniltiyosemikarbazit (Ni-PTC) kompleksinin oluşumu ve ekstraksiyon çözücüsünün (kaprilik asit) su içinde çözülmesi, NaOH ilave edilerek sağlandı. Baz ilave edildikten sonra kaprilik asit (CA), model çözeltide sodyum kaprilat halinde tamamen çözünür hale geldi. Ekstraksiyon çözücüsü fazının ayrılması HC1 ilavesiyle gerçekleştirildi. Nikel konsantrasyonlarının tayini, mikro örnekleyici uyarlanmış alevli atomik absorpsiyon spektrometresi ile gerçekleştirildi. Optimize edilmiş parametreler altında, doğrusal çalışma aralığı (10.0-450 ?g L-1), gözlenebilme sınırı (3.2 ?g L-1), tayin sınırı (10.0 ?g L-1), bağıl standart sapma (% 2.0), bağıl hata (-3.9 %) zenginleştirme faktörü (45) hesaplandı. Son olarak, geliştirilen pH-SFO-HLPME yöntemi LGC 6010 sert içme suyu standard referans maddesine ve bazı su örneklerine başarıyla uygulandı.

Dünyada kültürel etkileşim, ekonomik büyüme ve teknolojik ilerlemeler hızla gelişmektedir. Bu gelişmeler insanoğlunun refah seviyesini yükseltmekle birlikte birçok problemi de beraberinde getirmektedir. Karşılaşılan problemlerden birisi de trafikte seyreden motorlu kara taşıtlarının neden olduğu hava kirliliğidir. Bu çalışmada taşıt egzoz gazlarından kaynaklanan hava kirliliğinden ve etkilerinden, canlıları ve çevreyi korumak amacıyla SEM cihazı ile egzoz gazlarının mikro yapı analizi yapılmıştır. Egzoz gazlarındaki temel kirletici maddeler; karbon monoksit, azot oksitler, hidrokarbonlar, karbon dioksit, kükürt dioksit, kurşun ve bileşikleri, aldehitler, is ve partiküllerden meydana gelmektedir. Bu kirletici gazları oluşturan C, O, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ba, Cr, Fe, Zn ve Pb ana elementlerinin ağırlık oranları bulunmuştur. Ayrıca taşıt emisyonları kaynaklı metal ve ağır metallerin hala çevreyi kirletmeye ve tehdit etmeye devam ettiği deneysel olarak tespit edilmiştir. Cultural interaction, economic growth and technological progress have been rapidly developed in the world. Although these developments increase the welfare level of human beings, they also lead to many problems. One of such problems is the air pollution induced by the motor vehicles in traffic. In this study, microstructure analysis of the exhaust gases through SEM instrument has been conducted to protect the living and the environment from the air pollution and its effects which is caused by vehicle exhaust gases. Basic pollutants in exhaust gases consist of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, lead and compounds, aldehydes, soot and particles. The weight ratios of the main elements C, O, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ba, Cr, Fe, Zn and Pb in theseair-pollutant exhaust gases were determined. Furthermore, it has been experimentally determined that metals and heavy metals from vehicle emissions continue to pollute and threaten the environment.

Dynamic networks imply those states of which change over time and such changes are generally associated with the topology of a network. Dynamic models are currently needed for numerous systems which could be defined as a network model. Those related to the propagation of living organisms are also a typical example. the study has examined a sample space which has been defined in the network topology of human population as the way in which it will spread with population growth and correlated with various variables in the modeled dynamic network., Dinamik ağlar, zaman içinde değişiklik gösteren durumları belirtmekte ve bu değişiklikler genellikle bir ağın topolojisi ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Ağ modeli olarak tanımlanabilecek birçok sistem için dinamik modellere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Canlı organizmaların yayılması ile ilgili olanlar da bu duruma bir örnektir. Çalışmada insan nüfusunun ağ topolojisi tanımlanarak ile bir örnek uzay oluşturulmuş, nüfus artışı ile içerisinde nasıl bir yayılma görüleceği araştırılmış ve nüfus büyümesinin modellenen dinamik ağdaki çeşitli değişkenler ile aralarındaki korelasyonlar incelenmiştir.

The study reports the influences of altering of Cd/S molar ratio on some physical properties of hydrothermal grown CdS nanospheres. Cd/S molar ratios were chosen as 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 in the stock solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed the occurrence of nano-amorphous CdS structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) conclusions illustrated that increasing Cd/S molar ratio up to 1:3 caused a growth in the sphere size whereas further rising of Cd/S molar ratio led to smaller sphere size. The presence of Cd and S atoms in CdS structure was approved by Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Optimum transparency was found by Cd/S molar ratio of 1:3. Band gap scores of CdS nanospheres were determined to be above 2.60 eV that was bigger than bulk CdS (2.42 eV) because of quantum confinement effect. Photoluminescence (PL) results showed that a gradual decrease in each peak was attained upon increasing Cd/S molar ratio, which could be due to the formation non-radiative recombination phenomenon. Electrical data demonstrated that CdS nanosphere having Cd/S molar ratio of 1:1 exhibited the best carrier density (1.48´1015cm-3) and resistivity (1.27´103 Ω.cm) values. Thus, it can be deduced that Cd/S molar ratio of 1:3 was obtained to be optimum one since it possesses both bigger sphere size and better transparency, facilitating the effective use of CdS nanospheres in the solar cells.

Poly-amidoxime ligand was synthesized on the cellulose isolated from millet husk through a graft copolymerization process for adsorption of Cu (II) ion from aqueous solution. The functional group, thermal degradation and morphology of the adsorbent were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The FTIR results showed that grafting was successful due to the presences of 2244 cm-1 for cyano group (CN) and also band at 1640 cm-1 and 1380 cm-1 that replaced 2244 cm-1 which successfully confirmed the synthesis of poly(amidoxime) functional group. The TGA showed two stages of thermal degradation 12 % weight loss observed in amidoxime at 240 0C which is due degradation of amidoxime functional group then it reduces to 2% in second stage at 530 0C which revealed the improved thermal stability of the material. The SEM image showed a clear morphology of the absorbent before adsorption and after adsorption. The Initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time were taken as independent variables. The adsorption process was optimized by central composite design (CCD) in Response surface methodology (RSM). The predicted value is in good agreement with experimental value and also the ANOVA result showed that all the independent variables have significant impact with the adsorbent. The optimum condition achieved in the experiment was at initial concentration of 150 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 0.3 g and contact time of 90 min for Cu2+ with percentage removal of 55.41 % predictably and 54.92 % experimentally.

Şeffaf, esnek ve iletken elektrotlar, yarı iletken metal oksit substratlar üzerine elektrodepozisyon ile kaplanmış grafen oksit (GO) filmlerinin indirgenmesiyle hazırlanır. İyi kristalliğe sahip bizmut oksit nanoçiçek filmleri elekt-rokimyasal olarak biriktirilmiş ve daha sonra üzerine indirgenmiş grafen oksit (GO) filmleri kaplanarak karakterize edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, elektrokimyasal olarak biriktirilen metal oksidin morfolojisi, yapısı ve özelliği üzerindeki kaplamanın etki süresi de incelenmiştir. Grafen oksit modifiye metal oksit elektrot, bir elektrokimyasal yöntem kullanılarak başarılı bir şekilde üretildi ve potansiyel kontrollü elektrokimyasal biriktirme, atomik kuvvet mikrosko-bu (AFM), taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), enerji dağılımlı spektroskopi (EDS), X ışını kırınım teknikleri (XRD), Raman ölçümleri ile karakterize edildi. Deneysel sonuçlar, sulu bizmut oksit/grafen oksit süspansiyonların-dan gelen bu elektrokimyasal yaklaşımın, biriktirme süresini ayarlayarak, elektro-çökeltilmiş bizmut oksit/grafen oksit nanoyapılarının morfolojisini ve boyutunu kontrol etmemize izin verdiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen nano yapılı bizmut oksit/grafen oksit elektrot, iyi fotovoltaik özellikler sergiler ve güneş enerjisi dönüşümündeki uygula-malar için kullanılabilir. Sonuçlarımız, elektrokimyasal sentezde indiyum kalay oksit (ITO) veya altın elektrotları üzerinde bulunan bizmut oksit- GO filmleriyle yüzey alanını artırmanın olası bir yolunu sunar ve gelecekteki esnek fotovoltaik uygulamalar için GO filmlerinde yarı iletken metal oksitleri sentezlemeyi umut verici kılar., The electrodeposition coated graphene oxide (GO) sheets on semiconductor metal oxide substrates are reduced to produce transparent, flexible, and conductive electrodes. Electrochemically produced bismuth oxide nanoflower films with high crystallinity were characterized by depositing reduced graphene oxide (GO) films on top. The influence of coating period on the shape, structure, and characteristics of electrochemically formed metal oxides was also examined. The graphene oxide modified metal oxide electrode was successfully manufactured using an electrochemical method and characterized using potential controlled electrochemical deposition, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction techniques, and Raman measurements. By controlling the deposition period, we can regulate the form and size of electroprecipita-ted bismuth oxide/graphene oxide nanostructures using this electrochemical method from aqueous bismuth oxi-de/graphene oxide suspensions. The nanostructured bismuth oxide/graphene oxide electrode that results has high photovoltaic characteristics and can be employed in solar energy conversion applications. Our findings suggest that indium tin oxide (ITO) or bismuth oxide-GO films on gold electrodes may be used to enhance surface area in electrochemical synthesis, and that it is conceivable to synthesize semiconductor metal oxides in GO films for future flexible photovoltaic applications.

In recent years, the effectiveness of magnetically biocompatible nanoparticles in cancer treatment has been increased. Targeted drug delivery system has recently emerged as a promising cancer treatment because it reduces the side effects of traditional cancer treatment methods and increases the effectiveness of treatment. In our study, hybrid magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized. Nanoparticles consist of an inorganic iron oxide core (Fe3O4) and an organic copolymer (-CRG-graft-PDMAEMA). The magnetic nanoparticles’ structure was characterized by UV and Zeta-sizer techniques. Fe3O4@-CRG-graft-PDMAEMA@DOX magnetic nanoparticles were obtained by loading the anti-tumor cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) on the synthesized Fe3O4@-CRG-graft-PDMAEMA nanoparticles. The in vitro release of drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), acetate buffer (pH 5.5) and acidic medium (pH 1.2) at 37 °C was investigated. It has been shown that the synthesized Fe3O4@-CRG-graft-PDMAEMA@DOX magnetic nanoparticles are pH sensitive and have high release performance. The DOX release of Fe3O4@-CRG-graft-PDMAEMA@DOX nanoparticles in pH 7.4, pH 5.5 and pH 1.2 mediums was found to be 66.53%, 70.08% and 90.47% s, respectively. Kinetic calculations of magnetic nanoparticles were made. The iron content of magnetic nanoparticles was found to be 66.77%., Son yıllarda manyetik yapılı biyouyumlu nanoparçacıkların kanser tedavisinde etkinliği artmaktadır. Hedefli ilaç salım sistemi, geleneksel kanser tedavi yöntemlerinin yan etkilerini azaltmakta ve tedavi etkinliğini artırması sebebiyle yakın zamanda umut verici kanser tedavisi olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmamızda hibrit yapılı manyetik nanopartiküller sentezlenmiştir. Nanopartiküller anorganik yapılı demir oksit çekirdeği (Fe3O4) ve organik yapılı kopolimerden (-KRG-aşı-PDMAEMA) oluşmaktadır. Manyetik nanopartiküllerin yapısı UV ve Zeta-sizer ile karakterize edilmiştir. Sentezlenen Fe3O4@-KRG-aşı-PDMAEMA nanopartiküllerine anti-tümör etkiye sahip kanser ilacı doksorubisin (DOX) yüklenerek Fe3O4@-KRG-aşı-PDMAEMA@DOX manyetik nanopartikülleri elde edilmiştir. İlaç yüklü manyetik nanopartiküllerin fosfat tamponunda (pH 7,4), asetat tamponunda (pH 5,5) ve asidik ortamda (pH 1,2) 37 oC’de in vitro salımı incelenmiştir. Sentezlenen Fe3O4@-KRG-aşı-PDMAEMA@DOX manyetik nanopartiküllerin pH’ya duyarlı olduğu ve yüksek salım performansına sahip olduğu gösterildi. Fe3O4@-KRG-aşı-PDMAEMA@DOX nanopartiküllerin DOX salımı pH 7,4, pH 5,5 ve pH 1,2 ortamlarında sırası ile %66,53, %70,08 ve %90,47 bulunmuştur. Manyetik nanopartiküllerin kinetik hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Manyetik nanopartiküllerin demir içeriği %66,77 bulunmuştur.

In the present study, waste by-products of one of the popular fruit juices in the World has been valorized for its high-added value ingredients. Peels of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) have been extracted by means of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). DES system contained citric acid as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) (1/4, molar ratio). In order to optimize the MAE system Central Composite design (CCD) of Response Surface Method (RSM) has been used. The measured variables were the yields of total phenolic (TPC), total anthocyanins (TA) and cyanidin-3-glucoside. Optimum conditions were determined as 0.1 g of peel and 50 % (v/v) water contribution to the DES for the maximum reovery of TPC (16.85 mg-GAE/g-FP), TA (3.39 mg-cyn-3-glu/g-FP) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (mg/g-FP) in the MAE of sour cherry peels. The relationship between the responses was also established.