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Objective: In the literature, apparent diffusion coefficient values are known to be able to discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions. We aim to evaluate the most efficient b-value to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions and also to reveal the potential relationships between diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values and biomarker expression. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging and pathological data of 60 breast lesions, categorized as BI-RADS 4, 5, and 6. Signal intensity values obtained from diffusion-weighted imaging at B0, B1000 and apparent diffusion coefficient values were recorded. A possible correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient values and tumor grade, receptor expression (that of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), and Ki-67 score was investigated. Results: Twenty-two (36.6%) lesions were malignant, and 38 (63.4%) lesions were benign. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient values of malignant lesions were significantly lower than that of benign lesions (187 ± 215 × 10-6 and 625 ± 118 × 10-6 mm²/s, respectively). We detected lower apparent diffusion coefficient values in estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-negative tumors, also lower apparent diffusion coefficient values were correlated with higher Ki-67 index (P < .05). We cannot find any significant relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient values and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression (P > .05). We showed that signal intensity values obtained at B1000 were more efficient than those obtained at B0 in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficient values obtained from ipsilateral, pathologically proven metastatic lymph nodes were significantly lower from contralateral lymph nodes. Conclusion: Apparent diffusion coefficient values can be used effectively to predict breast malignancy, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor negativity, and Ki-67 index. Diffusion-weighted imaging obtained at B1000 is more effective in predicting malignancy compared to B0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The evaluation of the morphometric features of the Achilles tendon with magnetic resonance imaging is an essential aspect of musculoskeletal imaging, with significant implications for the diagnosis and management of Achilles tendon injuries. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphology of the Achilles tendon in normal and healthy individuals and establish a standard value using specific measurement techniques. Methods: The sagittal images were used to compute the free Achilles tendon length between the most distal portion of the soleus muscle fibers and the proximalsuperior calcaneal insertion of the Achilles tendon. On the axial images, the most distal portion of the soleus muscle fibers was identified, and the free Achilles tendon length was measured between this location and the Achilles tendon's most distal calcaneal insertion. In the axial section, the thickest portion of the unrestricted portion of the Achilles tendon in the anteroposterior plane was measured. The distance between the point at which the Achilles tendon attained its maximum thickness and its proximal insertion into the calcaneus was measured. Results: The thickest portion of the unconstrained portion of the Achilles tendon, known as the APM distance, was measured to be 5 ± 0.2 mm in the anteroposterior plane. The MKPM distance, which is the distance from the point where the Achilles tendon reaches its maximal thickness to the proximal insertion of the calcaneus, was measured to be 18.4 ± 4.7 mm. Conclusion: Future research should aim to expand our understanding of the factors influencing Achilles tendon morphology and their impact on tendon health and injury risk. Such knowledge can inform the development of personalized strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Achilles tendon disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 was established for lesions that were thought to be probably benign, and its aim was to limit the number of biopsies performed. Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 lesions are common, but they remain controversial due to high interobserver variability. Our aim is to examine how many cases with a sonographically identified Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 lesion were performed on breast magnetic resonance imaging and/or biopsy and whether the Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category changes with the breast magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: This retrospective study included 498 patients who underwent breast ultrasonography between November 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023, and who had Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 lesion(s). Among these patients, those who underwent breast magnetic resonance imaging and/or biopsy within 3 months were found. Magnetic resonance images were evaluated for sonographically identified Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 lesion(s). Tru-cut biopsy results were also evaluated. Results: Of 498 patients who had Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 lesion(s) on ultrasonography, 66 (13.3%) underwent breast magnetic resonance imaging subsequently. With the magnetic resonance imaging, there were 17 patients (25.7%) whose Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category downgraded, 12 (18.1%) whose category upgraded, and 37 (56.1%) whose category remained unchanged. The mean age of those who had a biopsy was found to be lower than those who did not have a biopsy (P = .028). Conclusion: The aim of Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 was to limit the number of breast biopsies performed. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used as a problem solver for Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 lesions and can also update the Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category. Biopsy of Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System category 3 lesions may not be cost effective due to the low probability of malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]