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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease characterized by inflammation, axonal demyelination and multifocal plaques. Sleep problems due to restless legs syndrome (RLS) are frequently encountered in MS patients. Changes in oxidative stress level and liver enzyme activity and deterioration of trace element homeostasis are observed in MS and RLS patients. This study was conducted to determine serum oxidative stress parameters and trace element levels in MS patients with and without RLS. Thirty healthy individuals (control), 30 MS patients without RLS (MS group) and 30 MS patients with RLS (MS+RLS group) were included in the study. Serum oxidative stress parameters (total antioxidant and oxidant capacities, myeloperoxidase and catalase activities), some liver enzymes (malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase) activities, blood trace element (copper, zinc and iron) and mineral (calcium, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, potassium) levels were measured. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of oxidative stress parameters and liver enzymes. Serum chlorine, potassium and sodium levels were higher in the MS+RLS group compared to the controls (p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.001, respectively), and the zinc level was lower than the control group (p<0.05). Sodium and chlorine levels were higher in the MS+RLS group than in the MS group (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Based on these results, varying trace element levels may have value for early prediction of RLS in MS. In studies with larger sample sizes, changing element and liver enzyme activities in the context of oxidative stress may provide clearer information about the diagnosis of RLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by the accumulation of excessive fat in the liver, which can lead to fibrosis and has an increasing prevalence. NAFLD requires non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers. While typically observed in overweight individuals, it can also occur in non-obese/non-overweight individuals. Comparative studies on non-obese NAFLD patients are scarce. This study aimed to conduct a using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolic profiling of non-obese NAFLD patients and healthy controls. The patient group consisted of 27 individuals with NAFLD, while the healthy control group included 39 individuals. Both groups were between 18 and 40 years old, had a BMI of less than 25 and had alcohol consumption less than 20 g/week for men and 10 g/week for women. Serum samples were collected and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The data were analyzed using the TidyMass and MetaboAnalyst. The LC-MS/MS analyses detected significant changes in D-amino acid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, apoptosis, mTOR signaling pathway, lysine degradation, and phenylalanine metabolism pathways in non-obese NAFLD patients. Significant changes were also observed in the metabolites D-pantothenic acid, hypoxanthine, citric acid, citramalic acid, L-phenylalanine, glutamine, and histamine-trifluoromethyl-toluidide, β-hydroxymyristic acid, DL-Lactic acid, and 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the metabolic changes associated with non-obese NAFLD patients and can contribute to the development of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD. This study sheds light on the metabolic changes in non-obese NAFLD patients. Further research is needed to better understand the metabolic changes associated with NAFLD and to develop effective treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is defined as the passage of fetal blood into the maternal circulation. Fetal erythrocytes can stimulate the maternal immune system and cause an autoimmune response. Meanwhile, dermatoses of pregnancy (DP) are defined as heterogeneous groups of skin diseases that occur in pregnancy and progress with itchy skin lesions. This study aims to determine the role of autoimmunity by measuring FMH in the etiology of DP. Methods: In this study the case group consisted of patients with DP and the control group consisted of healthy pregnants who applied to our clinic between November 2021-2022. FMH was determined by the Kleihauer-Betke test in the blood sample taken from the mothers. Mollison's formula was used to estimate FMH severity. Results: A total of 82, 30 (36.6%) case and 52 (63.4%) control, participants were included in this study. The mean maternal age was 31±4 in case and 31±5 in control group; revealed no statistical difference (p=0.445). There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding mean gestational week (27±10, 30±7, p=0.350). The rate of multiparity was 10% in the case group and 5.8% in the control group and there was no statistical difference (p=0.136). There was no statistical difference in the terms of gravida, parity, abortus or BMI. The mean quantity of bleeding measured significantly higher in the case group (7±5, 3±3, p<0.001). The presence of DP history were significantly higher in the case group (16.7%, 1.9%, p=0.023). Conclusion: There is a significant, positive and very strong relationship between DP and FMH which provides evidence to the relationship between FMH and autoimmunity. These results also tie well with previous studies wherein DP history is a predisposing factor for dermatoses in further pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) has become one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide without any approved treatment. Although obesity plays an important role in NAFL pathophysiology, lean patients can also develop fatty liver. Disrupted bile acid metabolism, alterations in tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative stress can contribute to the disease. In this research effort to understand the mechanism underlying lean NAFL, body composition measurements and several blood serum biomarkers were studied. Method: Thirty-nine healthy asymptomatic subjects and 27 asymptomatic subjects with ultrasound confirmed NAFL without any other liver diseases who had a body mass index (BMI) of 25 and reported drinking <20 g/week of alcohol were enrolled in the study. Body weight composition and blood serum biomarkers were analysed. Results: Patients with NAFL had significantly higher BMI and abdominal fat mass (p=0.002 and 0.022, respectively). There was no significant difference in serum total bile acid levels and oxidative stress markers between two groups. In NAFL group alanine transferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, fasting serum glucose, total serum bilirubin, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and zinc levels were significantly higher (p=0.029, 0.010, 0.010, 0.020, 0.022, and 0.007, respectively). Among serum lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein was substantially lower in the NAFL group (p=0.013). Conclusion: In this study it was found that abdominal obesity is strongly linked with lean NAFL similar to obesity-associated fatty liver. The current study showed that bile acids did not differ between groups. Higher IDH and zinc levels can be associated with lean NAFL and can be used for treatment follow-up. Nevertheless, further research is needed for understanding the relationship between lean NAFL and new potential biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]